No abstract available.

The effects of testosterone on the pituitary growth hormone (GH) response directly and to hypothalamic growth hormone-releasing hormone (GHRH) were evaluated in vitro using a male pituitary cell monolayer culture system. Wistar male rats were gonadectomized at 22 days of age, and 21 days later their anterior pituitaries were removed and trypsinized for cell dispersion. Testosterone 0, 0.1, 1.0, 10.0 nM was added to the medium for 1 day and GH amounts in media were measured. In another experiment, testosterone 1, 0.1, 1.0, 5.0, 10,0 nM was added to the medioum for 3 days, and subsequently 5 nM GHRH was added for 1 day, thereafter GH amounts in media were measured. The results were as follows: 1) The increase of GH response after testosterone administration to the cultured rat pituitary cell was not significant. 2) The rat pituitary cell response to GHRH was augmented after pretreatment with testosterone. These results are suggested that testosterone has no direct effect on GH secretion, but by increasing the pituitary cell response to GHRH, contributes to the regulation of GH secretion in vitro.
Animals ; Growth Hormone* ; Growth Hormone-Releasing Hormone ; Humans ; Male ; Rats* ; Testosterone* ; Trypsin

No abstract available.
Anesthesia* ; Certification*

Nontyphoidal Salmonella are gram negative bacilli organism, which may induce systemic infection such as febrile enteritis, bacteremia, and osteomyelitis. Main route of infection is known as food but also possible through reptile, amphibian, and fish raised as pets in the house. There is no known cases report of Salmonella infection through pets in Korea and also rare in the overseas. We report 2 patients who visited Severance children's hospital with chief complaint of fever and diagnosed as nontyphoidal salmonellosis. Each case had a history of raising turtle or tropical fish with possibility of Salmonella infection through these pets. Increasing incidence of raising pet reptile and fish lately, contact precaution and proper prevention and control of Salmonella infection of these pets especially in children under 5 years old are necessary due to higher risk of serious complications of salmonellosis.
Amphibians ; Bacteremia ; Child ; Enteritis ; Fever ; Fishes ; Humans ; Incidence ; Korea ; Osteomyelitis ; Reptiles ; Salmonella ; Salmonella Infections ; Turtles

BACKGROUND: Nitric Oxide (NO) has been discovered to be an important endothelium-derived relaxing factor. The exogenous inhaled NO may diffuse from the alveoli to pulmonary vascular smooth muscle and produce pulmonary vasodilation, but any NO that diffuses into blood will be inactivated before it can produce systemic effects. To examine the effects of NO on pulmonary and systemic hemodynamics, NO was inhaled by experimental dogs in an attempt to reduce the increase in pulmonary artery pressure (PAP) and pulmonary vascular resistance (PVR) induced by hypoxia in dogs. METHODS: Eight mongrel dogs were studied while inhaling 1)50% O2 (baseline), 2)12% O2 in N2 (hypoxia), 3)followed by the same hypoxic gas mixture of O2 and N2 containing 20, 40 and 80 ppm of NO, respectively. RESULTS: Breathing at FIO2 0.12 nearly doubled the pulmonary vascular resistance from 173 56dyn sec cm-5 to 407 139dyn sec cm-5 and significantly increased the mean pulmonary artery pressure from 16 3mmHg to 22 4mmHg. After adding 20~80 ppm NO to the inspired gas while maintaining the FIO2 at 0.12, the mean pulmonary artery pressure decreased (p<0.05) to the level when breathing oxygen at FIO2 0.5 while the PaO2 and PaCO2 were unchanged. The pulmonary vascular resistance decreased significantly and the right ventricular stroke work index returned to a level similar to breathing at FIO2 0.5 by addition of NO into the breathing circuit. Pulmonary hypertension resumed within 3~5 minutes of ceasing NO inhalation. In none of our studies did inhaling NO produce systemic hypotension and elevate methemoglobin levels. CONCLUSIONS: Inhalation of 20~80 ppm NO selectively induced pulmonary vasodilation and reversed hypoxic pulmonary vasoconstriction without causing systemic vasodilation and bronchodilation. Methemoglobin and NO2 were within normal limit during the study.
Animals ; Anoxia ; Dogs ; Endothelium-Dependent Relaxing Factors ; Hemodynamics* ; Hypertension, Pulmonary ; Hypotension ; Inhalation* ; Methemoglobin ; Muscle, Smooth, Vascular ; Nitric Oxide* ; Oxygen ; Pulmonary Artery ; Respiration ; Stroke ; Vascular Resistance ; Vasoconstriction* ; Vasodilation

No abstract available.
Growth Hormone* ; Testosterone*

A analysis was performed on 1716 pediatric surgical patients, who were supposed to receive elective operations at Seoul National University Childrens Hospital from March 2, 1991 to June 29, 1991. The results can be summarized as follows; 1) Overall cancelled ratio was 19.6%. 2) Departmental distribution of delayed/cancelled elective operations, Plastic surgery 27.0%, pediatric surgery 26.1%, neurosurgery 20.3%, cardiothoracic surgery 18.1%, orthopedic surgery 18.0%, ENT 15.6 ophthalmology 13.9% and urology 13.8%. 3) Major causes of delay/cancellation of elective operatios; Abnormal history and physical examination 54.3 , non-medical 35.0% and abnormal laboratory data only 10.7%. 4) Detailed causative factors of delay/cancellation of elective operations, URI 30.6%, notadmitted 27.9%, heavy schedule 5.9%, abnormal LFT 5.3%, FUO 4.2%, abnormal PTT/PT 2.4%, arrhythmia and cardiac disease 2.4% and further diagnostic evaluation needed 1.8%.
Appointments and Schedules ; Arrhythmias, Cardiac ; Child ; Heart Diseases ; Humans ; Neurosurgery ; Ophthalmology ; Orthopedics ; Physical Examination ; Seoul ; Surgery, Plastic ; Urology

In order to assess the interaction between halothane and diltiazem on the cardiovascular system and oxygenation, eight mongrel dogs were instrumented so that the following measurements could be made under the influence of drugs heart rate(HR), mean arterial pressure(MAP), central venous pressure(CVP), pulmonary arterial pressure(PAP), pulmonary capillary wedge pressure(PCWP), hemoglobin(Hb) and cardiac output(CO). Systemic and pulmonary vascular resistance(SVR and PVR), coronary perfusion pressure(CPP), cardiac index(CI), oxygen transpor(O2 Flux), oxygen consumption VO2, oxygen extraction ratio(O2ER) and intrapulmonary shunt(Qs/Qt), etc, were calculated by using the above measured parameters. Infusion of diltiazem (8ug/kg/min) following an IV bolus of 0.2mg/kg resulted in a potent vasodilator effect with significant decreases in MAP and SVR, and an increase in CI. Importantly, however, the systemic vasodilator effect of diltiazem was associated with no significant compensatory increase in HR. Halothane anesthesia during continuous infusion of diltiazem produced dose related decrease in HR, CI, MAP, CPP, RPP and O2 Flux, but the previously decreased SVR by diltiazem was not affected by halothane. PCWP, CVP and PVR were not changed throughout the study. So halothane anesthesia during infusion of diltiazem might have some dose related direct negative inotropic and chronotropic effects. Because the decrease in oxygen demand-indicating parameters such as HR and RPP was greater than that in oxygen transport (O2 Flux), the combined use of halothane and diltiazem can be recommended for the patient with ischemic heart disease and angina pectoris, especially in the therapy for decreasing heart rate.
Anesthesia* ; Angina Pectoris ; Animals ; Capillaries ; Cardiovascular System ; Diltiazem* ; Dogs* ; Halothane* ; Heart ; Heart Rate ; Hemodynamics* ; Humans ; Myocardial Ischemia ; Oxygen Consumption ; Oxygen* ; Perfusion

The hemodynamic responses to lidocaine were studied in eight mongrel dogs during halothane anesthesia. The animals inhaled 1 MAC of halothane (group H). During halothane anesthesia, a small dosage of lidocaine (group H; iv bolus 1.5 mg/kg over 1 min, followed by continuous iv infusion with 0.1 mg/kg/min), and a large dosage of lidocaine (group HL; iv bolus 1.0 mg/kg over 1 min, followed by continuous iv infusion with 0.3mg/kg/min) were administered for 30 min, respectively. One MAC of halothane anesthesia decreased the heart rate (10.9%), systolic blood pressure (13.3%), rate pressure product (22.5%), coronary perfusion pressure (16.5%), cardiac index (17.6%), and left ventricular stroke wark index (22.5%) compared with the control. Compared with group H, a small dosage of lidocaine (group H(1)) only significantly decreased the heart rate by 10%, but it seemed to decrease the above mentioned paramenters further. A large dosage of lidocaine (group H L) decreased the heart rate (27.3%), systolic blood pressure (26.0%), cardiac index (35.1%) and rate pressure product (46.0%), compared with the control value, and significantly increased the PR interval in ECG (30%). Although all the parameters indicating oxygen demand and supply were decreased, the shunt ratio was decreased and the alveolar-arterial oxygen tension difference was maintained at the control level. This study demonstrates that the hemodynamic changes by lidocaine might be induced by direct cardiac effect, not by the effect on peripheral vessels and that oxygenation might be well maintained during lidocaine infusion in a clinical dose.
Anesthesia* ; Animals ; Blood Pressure ; Dogs* ; Electrocardiography ; Halothane* ; Heart Rate ; Hemodynamics* ; Lidocaine* ; Oxygen ; Perfusion ; Stroke

BACKGROUND: In vitro and in vivo studies have shown that inhalation anesthetics inhibit hypoxic pulmonary vasoconstriction (HPV). The aim of this study was to investigate the effect of isoflurane and sevoflurane on HPV in the isolated rabbit lungs. METHODS: Isolated constant-flow perfused lungs from New Zealand white rabbit were randomly allocated to treatment with either isoflurane (n=8) or sevoflurane (n=8). HPV, defined as an increase in pulmonary arterial pressure at constant flow, was elicited by decreasing inspiratory oxygen concentration from 95% to 3% for 5 min. This effect was determined without and with increasing concentration of anesthetics (at 0.5, 1.0, and 2.0 MAC of isoflurane, and at 0.6, 0.9, and 1.2 MAC of sevoflurane). The HPV response in the presence of anesthetics was expressed as a percentage of the pressor response in the absence of anesthetics and dose-response relationship were calculated using the nonlinear least-squares method. RESULTS: The percent hypoxic pressor response (%deltaP) of isoflurane were 100%, 78.4%, 45.1%, and 19.6% at 0, 0.5, 1.0, and 2.0 MAC, respectively. The %deltaP of sevoflurane were 100%, 66.6%, 40.0%, and 22.2% at 0, 0.6, 0.9, and 1.2 MAC, respectively. Values (mean+/-SD) for the half-inhibition values (ED50) were 0.90+/-0.14 and 0.81+/-0.15 MAC, and for the slopes were 1.97+/-0.52 and 1.84+/-0.59 for isoflurane and sevoflurane, respectively. There were no statistical difference between the values for ED50 or between the values for slope. CONCLUSIONS: We conclude that sevoflurane and isoflurane inhibit the HPV reponse in a dose-related manner with same potency and slope.
Anesthetics ; Anesthetics, Inhalation ; Arterial Pressure ; Isoflurane* ; Lung* ; New Zealand ; Oxygen ; Vasoconstriction*