The purpose of this study was to evaluate the position of tongue and hyoid bone in relation to vertical facial patterns in the adult and child. Lateral cephalograms taken in adults(63 cases, 11.7 years in average age) and children(69 cases, 22.6 years in average age) were traced and measured about position and posture of tongue and hyoid bone using the horizontal and vertical reference lines. The angle of mandibular plane to SN plane was employed to classify the samples into groups of hypodivergent and hyperdivergent. The comparison of the tongue/hyoid bone measurements between hypodivergent group and hyperdivergent group in the adult and child were statistically executed with Student's t-test. The results were as follows; 1. The tongue height was lower in the hyperdivergent group than in hypodivergent group, and higher in children than in adults. 2. The vertical height of hyoid bone was higher in hypodivergent group than in hyperdivergent group and also higher in children than in adults. 3. The anteroposterior position was of no significant difference in relation to age or vertical facial pattern. 4. The inclination of hyoid bone in relation to cranial base was steeper in children than in adults.
Adult ; Child ; Humans ; Hyoid Bone* ; Malocclusion* ; Posture ; Skull Base ; Tongue*

No abstract available.
Brain Edema* ; Brain* ; Meningioma* ; Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor A*

To evaluate the value of MR imaging in the examination of ligament injury of the knee, we retrospectively analysed the MR images of 61 injured knees of 60 patients. The presence of tear was determined by arthroscopy in all cases. Anterior/posterior cruciate ligaments(ACL/PCL) were demonstrated by sagittal images. Media/lateral collateral ligaments(MCL/LCL) were evaluated on coronal images. The diagnostic accuracy were 91.8%, 96.7% and 100% for ACL, PCL and MCL, respectively. The specificity for the lateral collateral ligament was 100%. It is concluded that magnetic resonance imaging is an accurate method in detecting injury of the ligaments of the knee.
Arthroscopy ; Humans ; Knee* ; Lateral Ligament, Ankle ; Ligaments* ; Magnetic Resonance Imaging ; Methods ; Retrospective Studies ; Sensitivity and Specificity ; Tears

No abstract available.
Emergencies* ; Emergency Medical Services*

No abstract available.
Brain Edema* ; Brain* ; Microvessels* ; Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor A*

To evaluate the role of magnetic resonance(MR) imaging in the diagnosis of the discoid meniscus, the authors reviewed 31 cases of discoid menisci diagnosed by MR imaging among which 16 cases received arthroscopy. Using knee surface coil, sagittal T1, T2, & protein density images and coronal T1 weighted images were obtained with 18 cm FOV & 4mm/1 mm thickness/gap. A discoid meniscus was considered if three or more contiguous sagittal images demonstrated continuity of the meniscus between the anterior and posterior horns or the diameter of the mid-portion of the meniscus exceeded 15 mm on the coronal image. The authors also observed the associated abnormalities including tears of meniscus and ligament, meniscal cyst, and osteochondral defects. All discoid menisci were lateral menisci and torn discoid lateral menisci were present in 26 cases(83%). In two cases, tears of the contralateral medial meniscus were present. The tears of anterior and posterior cruciate ligaments, meniscal cyst, and osteochondral defects were present in 4, 2, 4, and 5 cases respectively. All collateral ligaments were intact. In conclusion MR imaging was useful for the detection of discoid meniscus and associated abnormalities.
Animals ; Arthroscopy ; Collateral Ligaments ; Diagnosis ; Horns ; Knee* ; Ligaments ; Magnetic Resonance Imaging* ; Menisci, Tibial ; Posterior Cruciate Ligament ; Tears

While there is little controversy about the surgical resection for the torn discoid lateral meniscus, there are some contradictory reports for the treatment of discoid lateral meniscus without tear. Some authors argue that initial treatment should be observation after diagnostic arthroscopy in the cases without tear. Others reported that excellent results were obtained after partial resection of the discoid lateral meniscus without tear or with slight degeneration. We reviewed our series of symptomatic discoid lateral menisci without tear, confirmed by arthroscopic examination. We retrospectively reviewed 8 knees in 8 patients who had had partia! Meniscectomy for discoid latera1 meniscus without tear, confirmed by arthroscopic examination. They were 5 males and 3 females. The average age was 22.8 years (range, 7 to 57 years). The average duration of follow-up was 2 years and three months. The patients had continuing pain and locking or snapping preoperatively. Preoperative MRI had grade Il intrameniscal signal in all the cases. The patients were evaluated hy Lysholm pain score and total Lysholm score. There were 7 complete types and one incomplete type. The average Lysholm pain score and the total Lysholm score improved from 13.1, 67.8 preoperatively to 28.8. 97.9, at the last follow-up, respectively. Mechanical symptoms including click and 1ocking were disappeared in all, and no complication was obser ved. We suggest that symptomatic discoid lateral meniscus should he resected e.ven though there is no tear visible on arthroscopy, especially when the MRl shows grade lI intrameniscal signal.
Arthroscopy ; Female ; Follow-Up Studies ; Humans ; Knee ; Magnetic Resonance Imaging ; Male ; Menisci, Tibial* ; Retrospective Studies

We reviewed the post-reconstructive results and complications of arthroscopic anterior cruciate ligament reconsbuction using the patellar bone-tendon-bone autograft in 91 patients who underwent the index surgery at least one year ago. The changes of Lysholm knee score, limitation of motion, instability of the reconstructed ACL, musc)e strength, presence of anterior knee pain and other complications were evaluated at final fol- low-up(mean, 2.6 year). The results were as follows. 1. The mean Lysholm knee score was 65.5+-15.5 preoperatively and improved to 88.5+-7.4 postoperatively(p<0.05), 2. Of all, nine(9.9%) complained anterior knee pain. 3. Three patients(3.3%) showed limited range of motion. 4. Five(3.5%) showed instability of reconstructed ACL during the followup. Two were caused by trauma. Ln other three, no definite causes were found. 5. In 23 patients, cybex isokinetic thigh muscle strength test was perfornied preoperatively and at post-up. One year. The strength of quadriceps of the operated side at the angular velocity of 60 degrees per second showed mean 41.7% deficit of the normal side at postoperative one year. 6. Other complications were one case of chronic click sound in motion, and one case of the fracture which occurred at the autograft donor site of the proximal tibia.
Anterior Cruciate Ligament Reconstruction* ; Anterior Cruciate Ligament* ; Autografts* ; Follow-Up Studies ; Humans ; Knee ; Muscle Strength ; Postoperative Complications ; Range of Motion, Articular ; Thigh ; Tibia ; Tissue Donors

No abstract available.
Knee*

Discoid meniscus is a congenital morphological variable anomaly of meniscus which is often asymptomatic. Arthroscopic surgeries on 91 symptomatic lateral discoid menisci of 84 patients were performed at the Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Seoul National University Hospital during the period of Jan. 1987 to Jan. 1994, which equals 19.2% of arthroscopic meniscectomies performed. Follow up was done from minimum of 1 year to maximum of 8 years, with an average period of 3 years and 10 months. Retrospective study was done with the review of clinical records, roentgenograms, MRI, and arthroscopic findings on recorded videotapes to evaluate the clinical and radiological features, results of arthroscopic treatment and possible prognostic factors. The followings are the results: 1. The lateral discoid meniscus encompassed 19.2% of arthroscopic meniscectomies performed at the same period, which was relatively high incidence. Arthroscopic partial and subtotal menis- cectomy resulted in satisfactory results. 2. Since 8 (11%) knees were not diagnosed preoperatively as discoid meniscus due to type being incomplete or torn meniscus displacement, these points should be considered with clinical findings at diagnosis of discoid meniscus. 3. 34.9% of 83 menisci with tear had previous trauma history which showed high vulnerability to tear. Discoid menisci without tears but with grade II intrasubstance increased signal and symptoms were treated with arthroscopic meniscectomy and showed good results. Therefore discoid menisci without tears should be considered of arthroscopic meniscectomy in the presence of clinical symptoms and MRI findings. 4. Lysholm total and pain scores were significantly improved at postop. 1 year and at the final follow up with p<0.05. Factors such as degenerative changes, sex, age, duration of preoperative symptoms, presence of tears and types of meniscectomy gave no significant influence on the results and the prognosis.
Arthroscopy ; Diagnosis ; Follow-Up Studies ; Humans ; Incidence ; Knee* ; Magnetic Resonance Imaging ; Orthopedics ; Prognosis ; Retrospective Studies ; Seoul ; Videotape Recording