No abstract available.
Blotting, Western ; Cells, Cultured ; Connective Tissue Cells/drug effects/metabolism ; Endothelin-1/*biosynthesis ; Fibroblasts/*drug effects/metabolism ; Humans ; Transforming Growth Factor beta1/*pharmacology

PURPOSE: Goggles are frequently worn in the sport of swimming and are designed to form a seal around the periorbital tissue orbit. The resultant pressure on the eye may have the potential to affect intraocular pressure and blood flow of the optic nerve head. This study evaluates the influence of wearing swimming goggles on intraocular pressure (IOP) and blood flow of the ocular nerve head (ONH) in normal subjects. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Thirty healthy participants took part in this study. The IOP of each participant was measured using a Goldmann tonometer. Measurements were taken immediately before putting on swimming goggles, at 5, 10, 30, and 60 minutes after putting on swimming goggles, and then immediately after taking off the goggles. Blood flow of the ONH was measured using the Heidelberg retinal flowmeter. RESULTS: The average IOP before, during and after wearing the swimming goggles were 11.88 +/- 2.82mmHg, 14.20 +/- 2.81 mmHg and 11.78 +/- 2.89mmHg, respectively. The IOP increased immediately after putting on the goggles (p < 0.05) and then returned to normal values immediately after removal (p > 0.05). Blood flow of the ONH was 336.60 +/- 89.07 Arbitrary Units (AU) before and 319.18 +/- 96.02 AU after the goggles were worn (p < 0.05). CONCLUSION: A small but significant IOP elevation was observed immediately after the swimming goggles were put on. This elevated IOP was maintained while the goggles were kept on, and then returned to normal levels as soon as they were taken off. Blood flow of the ONH did not change significantly throughout the experiment. These facts should be considered for safety concerns, especially in advanced glaucoma patients.
Adult ; Eye Protective Devices/*adverse effects ; Female ; Humans ; *Intraocular Pressure ; Male ; Optic Disk/*blood supply ; Regional Blood Flow ; *Swimming ; Time Factors

The diurnal variation of intraocular pressure(IOP) was measured by a Goldmann applanation tonometer in 60 eyes of 30 nromal Korean volunteers, in order to find out the amount of diurnal variation of IOP and the time interval at which the hightst and the lowest IOP were checked. We also checked the diurnal variation of IOP once a week for three weeks to study whether it changes. 1) The mean diurnal variation of IOP was 3.82 +/- 1.83 mmHg, and the diurnal variations of three weeks were 3.87 +/- 1.79 mmHg, 3.78 +/- 1.90 mmHg and 3.78 +/- 1.80 mmHg, respectively. The mean coefficient of variation of diurnal variation was 0.10. 2) In the distribution of high and low points on the diurnal intraocular pressure curve in 60 normal eyes(% of total number of observation), at the optimum IOP 8:00 was the highest(43.9%) and 20:00 was lowest(5.0%); at the lowest IOP 20:00 was the hightest(21.2%) and 8:00 was the lowest(6.7%). There was no time change at which the highest pressure was checked in 55 eyes and at which the lowest pressure was checked in 56 eyes among the 60 eyes.
Intraocular Pressure* ; Volunteers

The relationship between visual acuity, the level of visual field impairment, visual functioning, and the quality of life was evaluated in Korean patients with glaucoma. Forty-three consecutive glaucoma patients from the glaucoma service at Severance Eye and Ear Hospital were included in this study. Each subject underwent a vision-specific functional status questionnaire (VF-14), a modified VF-14 (VF'-14) and general quality-of-life questionnaires of the Medical Outcomes Study 36-Items Short Form Health Survey (SF-36). The visual acuity and visual field measurements with a Humphrey automated perimeter were taken within one month of the initial visit. The mean age of the subjects was 57.9 +/- 17.8. Among these patients, there were 23 males and 20 females. The mean deviation (MD) and the corrected pattern standard deviation (CPSD) by the automated perimeter in the eye with the better visual acuity were -5.87 +/- 5.16 dB and 3.92 +/- 2.74 dB respectively. The VF-14 and SF-36 scores were 41.28 +/- 14.56 and 52.39 +/- 6.61 respectively. There were significant correlations between the VF-14, VF'-14, and the MD of the better eye (p < 0.05). In Korean patients with glaucoma, the VF-14 and VF'-14 have significant relationship with the MD of the better eye in the visual field.
Female ; Glaucoma/physiopathology/*psychology ; Health Surveys ; Human ; Korea ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Quality of Life/*psychology ; Questionnaires ; Visual Acuity/*physiology ; Visual Fields

PURPOSE: Though there are many reports regarding the structure-function relationship in glaucoma, they are too complicated to apply to the routine clinical setting. The aim of this study was to investigate the direct relationship between peripapillary retinal nerve fiber layer (RNFL) thickness measured by optical coherence tomography (OCT) and visual field (VF) severity indices computed by standard automated perimetry. METHODS: This cross-sectional comparative study included 104 glaucomatous patients and 59 healthy subjects. Peripapillary RNFL thickness was measured by spectral domain (SD) and time domain (TD) OCTs. Four glaucoma VF severity indices, including mean deviation (MD), pattern standard deviation (PSD), Collaborative Initial Glaucoma Treatment Study (CIGTS) VF score, and Advanced Glaucoma Intervention Study (AGIS) VF score, were calculated using standard automated perimetry. The Pearson's correlation coefficients (r) between the average and quadrants of peripapillary RNFL thicknesses and the four VF severity indices were calculated. RESULTS: In glaucomatous eyes, the r value between the average RNFL thickness measured by SD OCT and each VF severity index were 0.562, -0.514, -0.577, and -0.567 for the MD, PSD, CIGTS VF score, and AGIS VF score, respectively (all p < 0.001). Among each quadrant, the inferior RNFL thickness showed the largest r value; 0.587, -0.552, -0.613, and -0.598 for the MD, PSD, CIGTS VF score, and AGIS VF score, respectively (all p < 0.001). Measurements by TD OCT showed similar strengths of association with SD OCT. CONCLUSIONS: Moderate correlation was identified between peripapillary RNFL thicknesses measured by SD/TD OCT and glaucoma VF severity indices. Among each quadrant, the inferior RNFL thickness showed the greatest association with glaucoma VF severity indices. There was no significant difference according to the type of VF severity index or the type of OCTs.
Adult ; Aged ; Cross-Sectional Studies ; Female ; Humans ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Nerve Fibers/*pathology ; Optic Nerve/*pathology ; Optic Nerve Diseases/*diagnostic imaging/physiopathology ; Retinal Ganglion Cells/*pathology ; Severity of Illness Index ; Tomography, Optical Coherence/*methods ; Visual Field Tests/methods ; Visual Fields/*physiology ; Young Adult

We report a case of Descemet's membrane detachment, a rare complication of viscocanalostomy. During the operation, the injection cannula was directed slightly oblique to the Schlemm's canal rather than parallel to it. Localized corneal whitening developed adjacent to the injection site during viscoelastic injection. One week postoperatively, corneal edema decreased and Descemet's membrane detachment was noted. Nine months after surgery, the cornea was clear while the Descemet's membrane detachment remained. And IOP was 19 mmHg without any medications. We think that improper cannula positioning during viscoelastic injection may cause Descemet's membrane detachment, a rare complication of viscocanalostomy.
Aged ; Case Report ; Corneal Diseases/*etiology ; *Descemet's Membrane ; Human ; Hyaluronic Acid/administration & dosage ; Injections/adverse effects ; Intraoperative Complications ; Male ; Ocular Hypertension/*surgery

PURPOSE: To investigate the change in intraocular pressure (IOP) of normal healthy eyes at different positions while performing sit-ups. METHODS: Twenty normal healthy eyes of 20 subjects were studied. IOP was measured while in the 'sitting upright', 'supine', and 'head-down' position to determine postural effect on IOP when executing a sit-up. Measurements were taken after the performance of a sit-up and during the performance of a sit-up, in both the head up and head down positions to test the effect of the exercise on the IOP. In addition, the IOP after an 'isometric exercise with Valsalva's maneuver in the supine or head-down position' was measured to determine the actual IOP during a sit-up. RESULTS: The postural change from sitting upright to tilting the head in a downward position caused the IOP to increase. After the performance of a sit-up, the IOP decreased in both the upright and supine positions, though IOP increased in the head-down position. After the isometric exercise with Valsalva's maneuver, IOP increased significantly regardless of position. CONCLUSIONS: IOP increased significantly during sit-ups, but decreased afterward. Future studies should be performed to evaluate the long-term effects of IOP change during and after sit-ups with respect to the prognosis of glaucoma.
Exercise ; Eye ; Glaucoma ; Head ; Intraocular Pressure ; Posture ; Prognosis ; Supine Position ; Valsalva Maneuver

PURPOSE: The cytotoxicities and anti-fibrotic effects of mitomycin C and pirfenidone on human dermal fibroblast were evaluated. METHODS: Initially, 24-hour cell cultures were exposed to transforming growth factor (TGF)-beta1, different concentrations of mitomycin C, and pirfenidone solutions in order to evaluate cytotoxicity. Expressions of fibronectin, collagen type 1, alpha smooth muscle, and beta-actin were evaluated by real-time reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) and western blot in mitomycin C solutions at concentrations of 4 microg/mL and 20 microg/mL, and in pirfenidone solutions at 250 microg/mL and 500 microg/mL. RESULTS: In comparison to cell cultures exposed to TGF-beta1 solutions, cytotoxicities were increased in solutions of mitomycin C at 4 microg/mL, 20 microg/mL, 40 microg/mL and pirfenidone at 500 microg/mL, 750 microg/mL, 1,000 microg/mL (p < 0.05, Mann Whitney U-test). The results of real-time RT-PCR show that expressions of fibronectin, collagen type 1, and alpha smooth muscle were significantly more decreased in all concentrations of mitomycin C and pirfenidone compared to those in TGF-beta1 solution. In western blot analysis, expressions of fibronectin and alpha smooth muscle were decreased in all concentrations of mitomycin C and pirfenidone compared to TGF-beta1 solution. CONCLUSIONS: Both drugs have cytotoxicities and anti-fibrotic effects, but pirfenidone was found to have less cytotoxicity and mitomycin C was found to have more anti-fibrotic effects when compared to each other.
Actins ; Blotting, Western ; Cell Culture Techniques ; Collagen ; Fibroblasts* ; Fibronectins ; Humans ; Mitomycin* ; Muscle, Smooth ; Transforming Growth Factor beta1 ; Transforming Growth Factors

No abstract available.
Glaucoma* ; Humans ; Nerve Fibers* ; Photography* ; Retinaldehyde*

PURPOSE: To assess the relationship between the retinal thickness analyzer (RTA) parameters, and those of the GDx VCC scanning laser polarimeter (GDx VCC), Stratus OCT optical coherence tomography (Stratus OCT), and Heidelberg retinal tomograph II confocal scanning laser ophthalmoscopy (HRT II). METHODS: Twenty-nine primary open-angle glaucoma patients were retrospectively included in this study. Measurements were obtained using the RTA, GDx VCC, Stratus OCT, and HRT II. We calculated the correlation coefficients between the parameters of RTA and those of the other studies. RESULTS: Among the optic disc parameters of RTA, the cup volume was best correlated with Stratus OCT (R=0.780, p<0.001) and HRT II (R=0.896, p<0.001). Among the posterior pole retinal thickness parameters, the posterior pole abnormally thin area (PPAT) of the RTA and the inferior average of the GDx VCC were best correlated (R=-0.596, p=0.001). The PPAT of the RTA and the inferior maximum of the Stratus OCT were best correlated (R=-0.489, p=0.006). The perifoveal minimum thickness (PFMT) of the RTA and the cup shape measurement of the HRT II were best correlated (R=-0.565, p=0.004). CONCLUSIONS: Many RTA optic disc parameters were significantly correlated with those of the Stratus OCT and HRT II. The RTA posterior pole retinal thickness parameters were significantly correlated with those of the GDx VCC, Stratus OCT and HRT II. The RTA optic disc and posterior pole retinal thickness parameters may be valuable in the diagnosis of glaucoma.
Adolescent ; Adult ; Aged ; *Diagnostic Techniques, Ophthalmological ; Female ; Glaucoma, Open-Angle/*diagnosis ; Humans ; Lasers/diagnostic use ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Ophthalmoscopy ; Optic Disk/*pathology ; Optic Nerve Diseases/*diagnosis ; Retina/*pathology ; Retrospective Studies ; Tomography, Optical Coherence