Authors reviewed 459 cases which had been followed up over 3 months after surgery to evaluate the incidence of consecutive esotropia and its associated factors. For every case, we investigated the age at the surgery, the methods of surgery, stereopsis, cycloplegic refractive power, the deviation difference between far and near fixation, the deviation before surgery and the results at the postoperative 1 day, 1 week, 1 month, 4 months, 6 months, 1 year and 3 years. The incidence of consecutive esotropia tended to decrease as time passed, and occurred in 21 cases[4.6%] at the last follow-up[averaging 13.1 months]. When the deviation difference between at the distance and the near fixation was above 10 delta and the results at the postoperative 1 day was overcorrection above 10 delta, with significantly higher[p<0.05] incidence of consecutive esotropia. Other factors were not statistically significant. In conclusion, the preoperative factor was the far and near deviation difference above 10 delta and the postoperative factor was the first day postoperative overcorrection above 10 delta. It is considered that the nonsurgical treatment can be desirable for the former cases, and overcorrection above 10 delta should be avoided for the latter.
Depth Perception ; Esotropia* ; Exotropia* ; Incidence

Several symptoms of dry eye in the patients who underwent cataract surgery are related to the stability of precorneal tear film layer. We studied the change of the lipid layer pattern in tear film after cataract surgery. Ninety-eight eyes of 87 patients were evaluated for the lipid layer patterns before operation and at two months after operation. Thirty-two eyes(32.7%) among 98 eyes had the change of the pattern of lipid layer. The change was more marked in the eyes of color fringe pattern preoperatively than others(p=0.000). The rate of change was not significantly different between the superior limbal incision group and temporal clear corneal incision group, and between the groups according to the number of sutures(p>0.05). The eyes which had had the dry eye symptoms developed more change of the lipid layer pattern(p=0.006). After cataract surgery, the change of the lipid layer pattern got more marked especially in the eyes which had had color fringe pattern before surgery. In the eyes which had had the dry eye symptoms, however, no difference was shown by the incisional site and by the number of sutures.
Cataract* ; Humans ; Sutures ; Tears*

No abstract available.
Blotting, Western ; Cells, Cultured ; Connective Tissue Cells/drug effects/metabolism ; Endothelin-1/*biosynthesis ; Fibroblasts/*drug effects/metabolism ; Humans ; Transforming Growth Factor beta1/*pharmacology

We reviewed the clinical characteristics and surgical results of patients who had consecutive esotropia after exotropia surgery with at least 6 months of follow-up. The number of transient esotropic cases with more than 10 prism diopter postoperatively was 105[9%] in total 1128 cases and persistent esotropic cases at least for six months after surgery was 24[2%]. Significant correlations were found between the development of consecutive esotropia and the presence of amblyopia[p=0.04], poor stereopsis[p=0.02], suppression of the Worth 4-dot test[p<.01], and recession-resction surgery[p=0.02]. The corrective surgery for consecutive esotropia was performed on 12 cases[1.1%] with unilateral lateral rectus advancement[7 cases], bilateral lateral rectus advancement[3 cases], unilateral medial rectus recession[1 case] and bilateral medial rectus recession[1 case]. All of them showed good results.
Esotropia* ; Exotropia* ; Follow-Up Studies ; Humans

This report concerns a rare malignant smooth muscle neoplasm of the skin and the subcutaneous tissue, which was examined immunohistochemically and ultrastructurally. It occured in a 48-year-old female patient who had suffered from painful nodules on the left shoulder. The nodules were removed and diagnosed as a benign fibrohistiocytic tumor. One year after local excision, multiple nodules were detected by physical examination at the previous operation site. Grossly, thirteen well-defined small nodules had spread in the dermis and the subcutaneous tissue, of which nine were located from lower dermis to the subcutaneous tissue and four were in the subcutaneous tissue. Histologically, each nodule consisted mainly of epithelioid tumor cells having eosinophilic or clear plump cytoplasm and round to oval nuclei with small nucleoli, and some peripheral spindle tumor cells. The tumor cells were negative for PAS reaction with and without diastase digestion or alcian blue. Immunohistochemically, tumor cells were positive for smooth muscle actin and vimentin. Ultrastructurally, the tumor cells showed actin filaments and dense bodies in cytoplasm. This case was diagnosed as an epithelioid leiomyosarcoma of the skin and the subcutaneous tissue with local metastasis one year after local excision.
Actin Cytoskeleton ; Actins ; Alcian Blue ; Amylases ; Cytoplasm ; Dermis ; Digestion ; Eosinophils ; Female ; Humans ; Leiomyosarcoma* ; Middle Aged ; Muscle, Smooth ; Neoplasm Metastasis ; Periodic Acid-Schiff Reaction ; Physical Examination ; Shoulder ; Skin* ; Subcutaneous Tissue ; Vimentin

No abstract available.

When blow-out fracture repair is performed, many implants including Silastic, Supramid, Porous polyethylene and others have been used to pervent reherniation of orbital tissue. Complications associated with implants include implant extrusion, orbital infection, fistula formation, implant migration, extraocular muscle entrapment, globe elevation, protosis and orbital cyst formation. The latter was known as a rare late complication of blow-out fracture repair. We report two cases of orbital cyst which developed after blow-out fracture repair with alloplastic implants. These patients developed diplopia and unliateral proptosis 7 and 10 years after repair of blow-out fracture, respectively. In these cases, orbital CT scan revealed retrobulbar cyst-like structures surrounding the orbital implant. At sufgery, a fibrous capsule surrounded the previously inserted orbital implants and was filled with dark brown mucoid material in both cases. These cysts were lined by squamous epithelium with cholesterol cleft and hemosiderin laden macrophage collection. Proptosis and diplopia were resolved after surgical removal of the cyst. These cases illustrate that it is important for us to be aware of the complication of late cyst formation around alloplastic implants after repair of blow-out fracture.
Cholesterol ; Diplopia ; Epithelium ; Exophthalmos ; Fistula ; Hemosiderin ; Humans ; Macrophages ; Nylons ; Orbit* ; Orbital Fractures* ; Orbital Implants ; Polyethylene ; Tomography, X-Ray Computed

Bacteroides fragilis is a Gram negative nonsporulating anaerobic rod bacterium that makes up about 1 to 2% of the norrnal human colonic microflora. In 1984, Myer et al. reported that some strains of B. fragilis produce enterotoxin and cause diarrheal disease in cattle and human. Since then it has been termed enterotoxigenic B. fragilis (ETBF). In this study, we tried to detect enterotoxin gene from 37 B. fragilis strains, isolated in Korean patients, to confirm the existence of ETBF and usefulness of PCR as a rapid diagnosis method. By this method, we identified 9 ETBF strains and confirmed their pathogenesis by cytotoxicity test. No significant cross- reactivity with other anaerobes or aerobes was observed. Thus, the PCR method may be considered useful for the sensitive and rapid detection of anaerobic infections. And the entire amplified PCR mixture was ligated into a pT7Blue T-vector and transformed into E. coli. When the nucleotide sequences of cloned PCR products were compared with reported enterotoxin gene, pBF529 inserted DNA sequence was nearly in good agreement with it but pBF570 inserted DNA sequence showed some difference at nucleotide 270-300. A search for nucleotide sequence homologies revealed that pBF529 exhibited 99%, but pBF570 indicated only 90% identity with reported enterotoxin gene. According to these results, it was suggested that ETBF toxin can be differentiated into at least 2 subtypes.
Animals ; Bacteroides fragilis* ; Bacteroides* ; Base Sequence ; Cattle ; Clone Cells ; Colon ; Diagnosis ; Enterotoxins* ; Humans ; Korea* ; Polymerase Chain Reaction*

A clinical investigation was undertaken on Infertile males who seen our department during the period from 1978 to 1982. The results obtained sub as follows : 1. A total of 275 Infertile male corresponds to 1.8% of total male out-patients for the period of 5 years. 2. Numbers of Infertile male patients are increasing yearly. 3. Duration of infertile marital life ranged the mean being 3.8 years. It was 6.10% of the total infertile males that the patient had been visited psycho-dept because of neurosis(94%) 4. Susceptive etiological factors in the oligospermia, azoospermia are listed as follow : 1) epididymitis, 16.4% 2) cryptorchidism, 5.6% 3) Varicocele, 2.8% 4) Undetermined, 70.9% It was 35.9% of the total undetermined cases(l51 cases) that the past history of patient had suffered from prostatitis, urethritis. 6. Judging from the results of semen analysis(265 cases) is azoospermia was found in 21.5% oligospermia, in 58.5%, normospermia, in 20.0% 7. Findings of testicular biopsies of azoospermias(25 cases) showed that spermatogenic arrest was found in 32%, germ cell aplasia; in 24% hypospermatogenesis ; in 20% , peritubular or tubular fibrosis ; in 12%.
Azoospermia ; Biopsy ; Cryptorchidism ; Epididymitis ; Family Characteristics* ; Fibrosis ; Germ Cells ; Humans ; Infertility ; Male ; Oligospermia ; Outpatients ; Prostatitis ; Semen ; Spouses* ; Urethritis ; Varicocele

To investigate the accuracy of ultrasonic measurement of axial length in pseudophakia, we measured axial length by ultrasonic scan at pre-and post-operatively.One hundred nine eyes of 97 patients were divided according to the type of intraocular lens.We compared pre-and post-operative axial lengths with Ocuscan[Alcon, U.S.A.]. The postoperative axial lengths were measured in phakic, aphakic, and pseudophakic mode.In pseudophakic mode, the velocity in IOL was set at the rate of 980, 2200 and 2718m/sec for silicone, acrylic, and PMMA lens respectively. The postoperative axial lengths in pseudophakic mode were closest to the preoperative values in all groups. In conclusion, we can get the closest values to preoperative axial lengths by setting the velocity in pseudophakic mode at the rate of 980, 2200 and 2718m/sec for silicone, acrylic and PMMA lens, respectively.
Humans ; Lenses, Intraocular ; Polymethyl Methacrylate ; Pseudophakia* ; Silicones ; Ultrasonics*