PURPOSE: The differentiation between renal cell carcinoma(RCC) and transitional cell carcinoma(TCC) is important due to the different methods of treatment and prognosis. But occasionally it is difficult to draw a distinction between the two diseases when renal parenchyme and renal collecting systems are invaded simultaneously. MATERIAL AND METHOD: We reviewed CT scans of 37 cases of renal cell carcinoma and 12 cases of transitional cell carcinoma which showed involvement of renal parenchyma and renal sinus fat on CT. Retrospective analysis was performed by 3 abdominal radiologists. Check points were renalcontour bulging or reniform shape, location of mass center, intact parenchyme overlying the tumor, cystic change, calcification, LN metastasis, vessel invasion, and perirenal extention. RESULT:There were renal contour bulging due to the tumor mass in 33 out of 37 cases of renal cellcarcinima, wherea and nine of 12 cases of transitional cell carcinoma maintained the reniform appearance. This is significant statiscal difference between the two(p<0.005). Center of all TCCs were located in the renal sinus, and 24 out of 35 cases of RCC were located in the cortex(p<0.005). Thirty-six out of 37 cases of RCC lost the overlying parenchyma, whereas 4 out of 9 cases of well enhanced TCC had intact overlying parenchyma(p<0.005) RCC showed uptic change within the tumor mags in 31 cases which was significanity higher than the 4 cases in TCC(p<0.05). CONCLUSION: CT findings of renal cell carcinoma are contour bulging, peripheral location, obliteration of parenchyma, and cystic change. Findings of transitional cell carcinoma are reniform appearance, central location within the kidney, intact overlying parenchyma, and rare cystic change.
Carcinoma, Renal Cell* ; Carcinoma, Transitional Cell* ; Kidney ; Neoplasm Metastasis ; Pelvis* ; Prognosis ; Retrospective Studies ; Tomography, X-Ray Computed

OBJECTIVES: OSAS (obstructive sleep apnea syndrome) is a common disorder and its consequences are often serious. It is important to detect the disorder early in the course for proper treatment. This study is to grasp the snoring clinic visitors' knowledge level of OSAS. METHODS: One hundred and seventy-nine visitors at the of snoring clinic of Seoul National University Hospital were surveyed by questionnaire about reasons of visit and knowledge of treatment methods of snoring and OSAS, diagnostic method, OSAS-related symptoms, and complications. RESULTS: Most of the respondents (89.4%) "have already heard about OSAS" and the major sources of information was the mass media (58.1%) such as television and radio. More than half (60.3%) were aware that snoring is closely related to OSAS. More than half (59.8%) recognized that a nocturnal polysomnograpy was necessary for proper diagnosis. Two thirds (67%) of the respondents noted surgery as a treatment for snoring. More than half (55.9%) answered that they would follow the doctor's advice on the treatment choice. Only 12.3% of respondents "have heard about nCPAP". No one chose nCPAP (nasal continuous positive airway pressure) as a treatment for either snoring or OSAS. About one third (34.6%) of the respondents were aware that OSAS is related to hypertension. Only 12.8% noted that OSAS is related to diabetes mellitus. CONCLUSION: Visitors at the snoring clinic were found to have substantially limited knowledge of health risks and proper treatments of OSAS. We suggest that it is crucially important to educate patients and offer easy-to-understand information on snoring and OSAS. We predict that provision of educaiton and information to patients and general public will faciliate the diagnosis and treatment of snoring and OSAS and reduce the related disorders such as hypertension, stroke, and diabetes mellitus.
Diabetes Mellitus ; Hand Strength ; Humans ; Hypertension ; Mass Media ; Surveys and Questionnaires ; Sleep Apnea Syndromes ; Sleep Apnea, Obstructive ; Snoring ; Stroke ; Television

No abstract available.
Humans ; Ranitidine* ; T-Lymphocyte Subsets* ; T-Lymphocytes*