No abstract available.
Centric Relation* ; Tooth Wear*

Fungal contamination of built-in furniture is a frequent problem in Korea when new apartment is built. However, domestic information on the contaminating fungi is very limited. This study was conducted to isolate, identify and characterize the fungi of the problem in one of the apartment houses where the fungi were claimed in the built-in furniture before the house owner moves in. Fungi present in the furniture installed in a main room, dress room, and kitchen side were visually and microscopically confirmed and purely isolated on PDA. The isolated fungi were identified by analyzing the morphological characteristics and nucleotide sequence of the ITS, calmodulin gene, and TEF-1α gene. Aspergillus creber, A. niger, A. pseudoglacus, A. ruber, Cladosporium perangustum and Penicillium commune were identified. Four out of the six fungal species were positive for at least one enzyme in six kinds of extracellular enzyme assays. When these four species (A. creber, A. niger, C. perangustum and P. commune) were inoculated onto four kinds of wood chips of furniture materials, they were able to colonize all of the wood chips. Their settlement was better at 95% humidity condition than at 30% humidity condition. Among the four species, C. perangustum caused the darkest discoloration and secreted the most number of extracellular enzymes. The four species were re-isolated from the colonized wood chips and confirmed as the problematic fungi in the built-in furniture.

PURPOSE: Gastric variceal bleeding in cirrhotic patient is an emergent, life threatening disease of which the adequate treatment is still in dispute. The periesophagogastric devascularization (PD) would be the alternative operative procedure. The aim of this study is to evaluate the safety and long-term results of PD for the gastric fundal variceal bleeding. METHODS: A retrospective analysis was made of fifty-two patients with gastric variceal bleeding who underwent PD with or without fundectomy from August 1994 to March 2006. We evaluated the clinical characteristics, operative morbidity, mortality and long-term follow up results. RESULTS: The operative morbidity was 34.9% and overall mortality was 17.3%. The Child-Pugh classification at operation, the number of previous varix bleeding episode, the success of preoperative intervention, splenectomy, esophageal transection, and ongoing bleeding at operation had a significant effect on postoperative mortality. Most common cause of postoperative death was hepatic failure. Child-Pugh classification and esophageal transection were significant risk factor for postoperative mortality comparing before and after year 2001. During the mean follow-up period of 33.58+/-27.08 months, there was no recurrent bleeding from gastric varices. The cumulative 5-year survival rate was 64.1%. 0f 14 patients deceased, 6 patients died of hepatocellular carcinoma. Not only there was no death caused by recurrent variceal bleeding, but there was no recurrent gastric variceal bleeding. Hepatic functional reserve and concomitant hepatocellular carcinoma were the most important prognostic factors in the long term survival by multiple regression analysis. CONCLUSION: We concluded that PD reached both low postoperative mortality and recurrent bleeding rate with good long-term survival. So it could be one of the most effective treatment for the gastric fundal variceal bleeding.
Carcinoma, Hepatocellular ; Classification ; Dissent and Disputes ; Esophageal and Gastric Varices* ; Follow-Up Studies ; Hemorrhage ; Humans ; Liver Cirrhosis ; Liver Failure ; Mortality ; Retrospective Studies ; Risk Factors ; Splenectomy ; Surgical Procedures, Operative ; Survival Rate ; Varicose Veins

PURPOSE: The goal of this study was to compare the efficacy of oral 25% dextrose treatment or/and pacifier for analgesia in healthy newborns during intramuscular injection of a hepatitis B vaccine. METHODS: A prospective, randomized, partially blinded, clinical trial was performed in 132 healthy newborns. They were assigned randomly to 4 treatment groups: control group (2 mL distilled water), dextrose group (2 mL 25% dextrose), pacifier group, dextrose+ pacifier group (pacifier coating with 25% dextrose) during intramuscular injection of hepatitis B vaccine. For all groups, Neonatal Infant Pain Scale (NIPS), Neonatal Facial Coding System (NFCS), Premature Infant Pain Profile (PIPP) scores were evaluated before the injection, during the injection, and at 2 minutes after the injection. Pain scores were compared among the 4 groups. RESULTS: Maternal and neonatal characteristics were similar among the 4 groups. 25% dextrose treatment led to lower NIPS pain scores during injection (6.4+/-0.9 vs. 5.5+/-1.7, P=0.01) and after injection (1.6+/-2.0 vs. 0.6+/-0.9, P=0.01) and NFCS pain scores after injection (1.5+/-2.3 vs. 0.7+/-0.8, P=0.04) than control group. The number of neonates who feel the pain (indication of scores: NIPS> or =4, NFCS> or =3) decreased (9 (23.1%) vs. 0 (0%), P=0.04 via NIPS, 7 (17.9%) vs. 0 (0%), P=0.02 via NFCS). However, all treatment groups did not decreased PIPP scores, compared with the control group. CONCLUSION: Oral 25% dextrose is effective than distilled water or using pacifier with or without 25% dextrose in reducing pain during intramuscular injection of hepatitis B vaccinations. Further study based on this preliminary study need about nonpharmacologic management of pain in newborns.
Analgesia ; Clinical Coding ; Glucose ; Hepatitis B ; Hepatitis B Vaccines ; Humans ; Infant ; Infant, Newborn ; Infant, Premature ; Injections, Intramuscular ; Pacifiers ; Prospective Studies ; Spiperone ; Vaccination ; Water

OBJECTIVE: Obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD) is a clinically heterogeneous disorder with a bimodal pattern in age onset and treatment outcomes. This study attempted to ascertain the importance of the age factor for a better phenotypic precision. Therefore, the authors compared adult OCD patients with an early symptom onset to adult OCD patients with a later symptom onset. METHODS: One hundred sixty five patients with OCD were evaluated with semistructured interviews;79 with symptom onset before the age of 17 (early onset group) and 86 with symptom onset after the age of 17 (late onset group). The two groups were analyzed in terms of Y-BOCS (Yale-Brown Obsessive Compulsive Scale) scores and demographic data including clinical variables. RESULTS: Early onset group has more comorbidity of tic disorder and lesser of depression and anxiety disorder than late onset group. Early onset group showed more family history of tic disorder than late onset group. The treatment response to SSRI is relatively declined after 18 months of initiation in early onset group. CONCLUSION: The results indicate that age at onset may be an important factor in subtyping OCD. Early onset group may have more biological and familial tendency that might be differentiate the two groups.
Adult ; Age Factors ; Age of Onset ; Anxiety Disorders ; Comorbidity ; Depression ; Humans ; Obsessive-Compulsive Disorder* ; Tic Disorders

OBJECTIVES: It has been suggested that dopamine as well as serotonin were related to the pathophysiology of obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD). Thus, many studies were performed to nivestigate brain regions and their association with dopamine in OCD patients. Recently, we have been able to monitor the density of the dopamine transporter (DAT) in the basal ganglia using I-123N-(3-iodopropen-2-yl)-2beta-carbomethoxy-3beta-(4-chlorophenyl) tropane (I-123 IPT) SPECT, to evaluate the activity of the presynaptic dopamine function. In present study, we investigated the DAT density of the basal ganglia using I-123 IPT SPECT in patients with OCD. METHODS: Fifteen patients with OCD and nineteen normal control group were included in this study. We performed brain SPECT 2 hours after the intravenous administration of I-123N-(3-iodopropen-2-yl)-2beta-carbomethoxy-3beta-(4-chlorophenyl) tropane (I-123 IPT) and carried out both quantitative and qualitative analyses using the SPECT, which were reconstructed for the assessment of the specific/nonspecific DAT binding ratio in basal ganglia. We then investigated the correlation between the severity of OCD symptoms assessed with the Yale-Brown Obsessive-Compulsive Scale (Y-BOCS) and the specific/nonspecific DAT binding ratio of basal ganglia. RESULTS: Patients with OCD showed a significantly increased specific/nonspecific DAT binding ratio in right basal ganglia compared with normal controls and did not show a significantly increased specific/nonspecific DAT binding ratio, and an increased tendency in the specific/nonspecific DAT binding ratio in left basal ganglia (Rt:Z=2.584, P=0.009, Lt:=1.873, P=0.060). We found no significant correlation between the total scores of the Y-BOCS and the specific/nonspecific DAT binding ratio of basal ganglia. CONCLUSIONS: The data of this study suggest that dopamine in basal ganglia plays an important role in fronto-subcortical circuit, which are already known as a site of the pathophysiological mechanism of OCD.
Administration, Intravenous ; Basal Ganglia* ; Brain ; Dopamine Plasma Membrane Transport Proteins* ; Dopamine* ; Humans ; Obsessive-Compulsive Disorder* ; Serotonin ; Tomography, Emission-Computed, Single-Photon*

Rhabdomyolysis is defined as necrosis of the skeletal muscle fibers with release of the intracellular muscle constituents, including myoglobins,into the blood and urine. Severe myoglobinemia causes obstruction and necrosis of the renal tubule, resulting in acute renal failure (ARF). In this case, a patient with rhabdomyolysis-induced ARF was in recovery phase after treatment with fluid replacement and continuous renal replacement therapy (CRRT). However, a sudden relapse of severe myoglobinemia occurred during CRRT. To remove myoglobinas rapidly as possible, we applied two sessions of plasmapheresis (total plasma exchange, TPE) in addition to CRRT for two days. The myoglobin level of the patient successfully decreased by 91%, and clinical symptoms and laboratory-measuredabnormalities subsequently improved. If severe myoglobinemia is persistent, or if relapse in spite of CRRT occurs, it would be reasonable to consider TPEas an additional therapy.
Acute Kidney Injury ; Humans ; Muscle Fibers, Skeletal ; Myoglobin* ; Necrosis ; Plasma Exchange ; Plasmapheresis* ; Recurrence ; Renal Replacement Therapy ; Rhabdomyolysis*

Diabetic nephropathy is a common and serious complication in diabetic patients. Renal diseases other than diabetic nephropathy (non-diabetic nephropathy) can occur in diabetic patients with nephrosis. The presence of non-diabetic nephropathy is noted in type 2 diabetes patients, but no data exists for type 1 diabetes. In this report we describe the case of a 15-year-old girl with type 1 diabetes mellitus, who presented with an acute elevation of urinary microalbumin excretion, general edema, and liver enzyme elevation. She had shown microalbuminuria about 3 years earlier, as well as an uncontrolled hemoglobin A1c level, but she had no diabetic retinopathy and neuropathy. A renal biopsy was conducted, and she was diagnosed with primary focal segmental glomerulosclerosis. She was treated with corticosteroids and an angiotensin converting enzyme inhibitor.
Adolescent ; Adrenal Cortex Hormones ; Biopsy ; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 1 ; Diabetic Nephropathies ; Diabetic Retinopathy ; Edema ; Glomerulosclerosis, Focal Segmental ; Hemoglobins ; Humans ; Liver ; Nephrosis ; Peptidyl-Dipeptidase A

OBJECTIVE: The aim of this study was to evaluate the association between a variable number of tandem repeats polymorphism at the dopamine D4 receptor gene (DRD4) and the performance of children with attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) in a continuous performance test (CPT). METHODS: This study included 72 ADHD children (mean age=9.39+/-2.05 years) who were recruited from one child psychiatric clinic. The omission errors, commission errors, reaction time and reaction standardization in the CPT were computed. The number of 48-base pairs tandem repeats in the exon III of DRD4 was analyzed in a blind manner. RESULTS: The homozygosity of the 4-repeat allele at DRD4 was significantly associated with fewer commission errors (t=2.364, df=28.685, p=0.025) and standard deviation of reaction time (t=2.351, df=24.648, p=0.027) even after adjusting for age. The results of analyses of CPT measured values among three groups showed that the group with higher frequency of the 4-repeat allele showed a lower mean score of commission errors (F=4.268, df=2, p=0.018). CONCLUSION: These results suggest a protective role of 4-repeat allele of the DRD4 polymorphisms on commission errors in the CPT in children with ADHD.
Alleles ; Attention Deficit Disorder with Hyperactivity ; Child ; Dopamine ; Exons ; Humans ; Minisatellite Repeats ; Reaction Time ; Receptors, Dopamine D4 ; Tandem Repeat Sequences

OBJECTIVES: This study was designed to assess the relationship between alcohol use and stress. METHODS: The study subjects were 1,261 people who drink among the 2,565 people who lived in Gangneung. We investigated the sociodemographic characteristics, Short Form-12 (SF-12), Global Assessment of Recent Stress (GARS) and Alcohol Use Disorder Identification Test (AUDIT). RESULTS: In Problem drinking group the GARS was significantly positively associated with the AUDIT (p=0.02). In Social drinking group sex (p<0.001) and age (p=0.02) is significantly associated with the AUDIT. CONCLUSION: This study showed the significantly positively association between stress and alcohol use. We think that the intervention and active management of the stress can prevent the alcohol problem.
Drinking ; Gangwon-do