No abstract available.
Occupational Diseases*

No abstract available.
Centric Relation* ; Tooth Wear*

Objectives: This study examined the validity of the Childhood Autism Rating Scale, Second Edition (CARS-2) compared with the Autism Diagnostic Observation Schedule, Second Edition (ADOS-2) in identifying autism spectrum disorder (ASD). Methods: A total of 237 children were tested using both the CARS-2 and ADOS-2. We examined the correlation using Pearson’s correlation analysis. In addition, we used a receiver operating characteristic graph to determine the optimal standard version of the CARS-2 (CARS2-ST) cutoff score for ASD diagnosis using the ADOS-2. Results: The concurrent validity of the CARS2-ST was demonstrated by a significant correlation with the ADOS-2 (r=0.864, p<0.001). The optimal CARS2-ST cutoff scores were 30 and 28.5 for identifying autism and autism spectrum, respectively, based on the ADOS-2. Conclusion We suggest a newly derived CARS2-ST cutoff score of 28.5 for screening ASD and providing early intervention.

OBJECTIVE: Obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD) is a clinically heterogeneous disorder with a bimodal pattern in age onset and treatment outcomes. This study attempted to ascertain the importance of the age factor for a better phenotypic precision. Therefore, the authors compared adult OCD patients with an early symptom onset to adult OCD patients with a later symptom onset. METHODS: One hundred sixty five patients with OCD were evaluated with semistructured interviews;79 with symptom onset before the age of 17 (early onset group) and 86 with symptom onset after the age of 17 (late onset group). The two groups were analyzed in terms of Y-BOCS (Yale-Brown Obsessive Compulsive Scale) scores and demographic data including clinical variables. RESULTS: Early onset group has more comorbidity of tic disorder and lesser of depression and anxiety disorder than late onset group. Early onset group showed more family history of tic disorder than late onset group. The treatment response to SSRI is relatively declined after 18 months of initiation in early onset group. CONCLUSION: The results indicate that age at onset may be an important factor in subtyping OCD. Early onset group may have more biological and familial tendency that might be differentiate the two groups.
Adult ; Age Factors ; Age of Onset ; Anxiety Disorders ; Comorbidity ; Depression ; Humans ; Obsessive-Compulsive Disorder* ; Tic Disorders

PURPOSE: The purpose of this study was to estimate the dietary flavonoid intakes of Korean adults according to socioeconomic status. METHODS: Using data from the 2007~2012 Korea National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey, a total of 31,112 subjects aged over 19 years were included in this study. We estimated individuals' daily intakes of total flavonoids and seven flavonoid subclasses, including flavonols, flavones, flavanones, flavan-3-ols, anthocyanins, proanthocyanidin, and isoflavones,by linking food consumption data with the flavonoids database for commonly consumed Korean foods. We compared intakes of flavonoids according to the levels of household income and education. RESULTS: Average dietary flavonoid intakes of the study subjects were 321.8 mg/d in men and 308.3 mg/d in women. Daily flavonoid intakes were positively associated with household income level (p < 0.0001) and education level (p < 0.0001). The subjects in the highest household income and highest education level group (OR 0.37, 95% CI 0.30~0.45, p < 0.0001 in men, OR 0.50, 95% CI 0.41~0.60, p < 0.0001 in women) had a lower likelihood of having low total flavonoid intake (less than 25 percentile) compared to the lowest household income and lowest education level group. The food group that contributed to total flavonoid intake with the biggest difference between the lowest and highest groups for both household income level and education level was beverages. CONCLUSION: This study shows that socioeconomic status was positively associated with flavonoid intake in a representative Korean population. Further research is needed to analyze the association of flavonoid intake with health outcomes according to socioeconomic status such as household income and education level.
Adult* ; Anthocyanins ; Beverages ; Education ; Family Characteristics ; Female ; Flavanones ; Flavones ; Flavonoids ; Flavonols ; Humans ; Korea* ; Male ; Nutrition Surveys* ; Social Class*

BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES: Even patients with compensated peripheral vestibular dysfunction may report a sense of disequilibrium during daily activities, which often fail conventional vestibular function tests as attentional demand required for postural control may increase in these patients. The study aims to assess the feasibility of dual task test using concurrent cognitive tasks in a modified clinical test of sensory interaction on balance (mCTSIB) to measure increased attentional demand for posture control. SUBJECTS AND METHOD: Nineteen patients suspected with chronic dizziness were recruited by history reviews and physical examinations. Data for center of pressure (COP) variability and mean velocity during mCTSIB on a force long plate were analyzed, and time taken to react to the auditory stimuli were used to measure the attentional demand required for adequate postural control during platform perturbation. RESULTS: The mean COP range and velocity during mCTSIB were comparable between single and dual task conditions in patients with dizziness. Reaction time (RT) to auditory stimulus of 1 kHz pure tone in patients with chronic dizziness was also comparable to normal subjects. Interestingly, there was a tendency for increased RT in patients with documented caloric weakness, suggesting that attentional demand is increased in these patients. CONCLUSION: RT of dual task tests using auditory stimuli during mCTSIB may provide additional information about increased attentional demand for postural control in patients with vestibular dysfunction.
Dizziness* ; Humans ; Methods ; Physical Examination ; Posture ; Reaction Time ; Task Performance and Analysis ; Vestibular Diseases ; Vestibular Function Tests

BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES: The acceptable noise level (ANL) test measures the maximum noise level that a subject can tolerate while following speech. Given the limited investigation of ANL across different languages, this study aimed to compare ANLs using both Korean semantic speech and non-semantic speech signals (reversed Korean speech and international speech test signal, ISTS) in normal-hearing subjects. SUBJECTS AND METHOD: Twenty-five subjects with normal hearing (9 males, 16 females, with the mean age of 28.5±3.15 years) were included in the study. ANLs were obtained using three speech materials (Korean speech, reversed Korean speech, and ISTS) as the target speech material and an eight-talker babble noise as the competing background noise. RESULTS: Generally, the inter-subject variability was large. The ANLs did not differ statistically regardless of the type of speech signal. CONCLUSION: The ANLs seemed to be unaffected by the meaningfulness or semantic contents of the target speech, at least in normal-hearing adults. Thus, non-meaningful speech signals or non-semantic material can be considered as the target signal for the implementation of ANL test.
Adult ; Female ; Hearing* ; Humans ; Male ; Methods ; Noise* ; Semantics

OBJECTIVE: To report the latest long-term outcome of amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) and to analyze the predictors of prognosis. METHODS: Subjects who were diagnosed with ALS between January 2005 and December 2009 at a single institute were followed up until death or up to December 2014. Data regarding age, sex, date of onset, date of diagnosis, presence of bulbar symptoms on onset, date of initiation of non-invasive ventilation (NIV), and the date of tracheostomy were collected. Survival was assessed using Kaplan-Meier curves and multivariate analyses of the risk of death were performed using the Cox proportional hazards model. RESULTS: Among 212 suspicious subjects, definite ALS was diagnosed in 182 subjects. The survival rate at 3 and 5 years from onset was 61.5% and 40.1%, respectively, and the survival rate at 3 and 5 years post-diagnosis was 49.5% and 24.2%, respectively. Further, 134 patients (134/182, 73.6%) were initiated on NIV, and among them, 90 patients (90/182, 49.5%) underwent tracheostomy. Male gender and onset age of ≥65 years were independent predictors of adverse survival. CONCLUSION: The analysis of long term survival in ALS showed excellent outcomes considering the overall poor prognosis of this disease.
Age of Onset ; Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis* ; Diagnosis ; Humans ; Male ; Multivariate Analysis ; Noninvasive Ventilation ; Prognosis ; Proportional Hazards Models ; Survival Rate ; Tracheostomy

PURPOSE: The purpose of this study was to estimate intakes of macronutrients and antioxidant vitamins according to the Hansik consumption rate among Korean adults. METHODS: Using data from the 2007~2012 Korea National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey, a total of 33,069 subjects aged over 19 years old were included in this study. We estimated individual daily Hansik consumption rates and intakes of macronutrients and antioxidant vitamins, including vitamin A and its subgroup such as retinol, α-carotene, β-carotene, and β-cryptoxanthin, vitamin C, and vitamin E, by linking food consumption data with the nutrient and antioxidant vitamin database of commonly consumed foods. RESULTS: Around 75% of subjects consumed Hansik in over 75% of their daily total consumed food. The most frequently consumed Hansik was cabbage kimchi (1.57 times/day), followed by multigrain rice (0.86 times/day) and white rice (0.80 times/day). The household income level and education level was inversely associated with the Hansik consumption rate. There was a positive relationship between Hansik consumption rate and vitamin A, β-carotene, β-cryptoxanthin, and vitamin C intakes. On the other hand, Hansik consumption rate was inversely associated with energy and fat intake. CONCLUSION: The results of this study suggest that Hansik consumption could provide more antioxidant vitamins and less energy and fat. Thus, further research will be needed to analyze the association between Hansik and health effects.
Adult* ; Ascorbic Acid ; Brassica ; Education ; Family Characteristics ; Hand ; Humans ; Korea* ; Nutrition Surveys* ; Vitamin A ; Vitamin E ; Vitamins*

No abstract available.
Aldosterone* ; Humans* ; Prolactin*