PURPOSE: Gender differences in personality are considered to have biological bases. In an attempt to understand the gender differences of personality on neurobiological bases, we conducted correlation analyses between regional brain glucose metabolism and temperament factors of personality in males and females. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Thirty-six healthy right-handed volunteers (18 males, 33.8+/-17.6 y; 18 females, 36.2+/-20.4 y) underwent FDG PET at resting state. Three temperament factors of personality (novelty seeking (NS), harm avoidance (HA), reward dependence (RD)) were assessed using Cloninger's 240-item Temperament and Character Inventory (TCI) within 10 days of FDG PET scan. Correlation between regional glucose metabolism and each temperament factor was tested using SPM2. RESULTS: In males, a significant negative correlation between NS score and glucose metabolism was observed in the bilateral superior temporal gyri, the hippocampus and the insula, while it was found in the bilateral middle frontal gyri, the right superior temporal gyrus and the left cingulate cortex and the putamen in females. A positive HA correlation was found in the right midbrain and the left cingulate gyrus in males, but in the bilateral basal ganglia in females. A negative RD correlation was observed in the right middle frontal and the left middle temporal gyri in males, while the correlation was found in the bilateral middle frontal gyri and the right basal ganglia and the superior temporal gyrus in females. CONCLUSION: These data demonstrate different cortical and subcortical metabolic correlates of temperament factors of personality between males and females. These results may help understand biological substrate of gender differences in personality and susceptibility to neuropsychiatric illnesses.
Basal Ganglia ; Brain ; Female ; Glucose ; Gyrus Cinguli ; Hippocampus ; Humans ; Male ; Mesencephalon ; Metabolism ; Positron-Emission Tomography ; Putamen ; Reward ; Temperament* ; Volunteers

PURPOSE: Gender differences in personality are considered to have biological bases. In an attempt to understand the gender differences of personality on neurobiological bases, we conducted correlation analyses between regional brain glucose metabolism and temperament factors of personality in males and females. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Thirty-six healthy right-handed volunteers (18 males, 33.8+/-17.6 y; 18 females, 36.2+/-20.4 y) underwent FDG PET at resting state. Three temperament factors of personality (novelty seeking (NS), harm avoidance (HA), reward dependence (RD)) were assessed using Cloninger's 240-item Temperament and Character Inventory (TCI) within 10 days of FDG PET scan. Correlation between regional glucose metabolism and each temperament factor was tested using SPM2. RESULTS: In males, a significant negative correlation between NS score and glucose metabolism was observed in the bilateral superior temporal gyri, the hippocampus and the insula, while it was found in the bilateral middle frontal gyri, the right superior temporal gyrus and the left cingulate cortex and the putamen in females. A positive HA correlation was found in the right midbrain and the left cingulate gyrus in males, but in the bilateral basal ganglia in females. A negative RD correlation was observed in the right middle frontal and the left middle temporal gyri in males, while the correlation was found in the bilateral middle frontal gyri and the right basal ganglia and the superior temporal gyrus in females. CONCLUSION: These data demonstrate different cortical and subcortical metabolic correlates of temperament factors of personality between males and females. These results may help understand biological substrate of gender differences in personality and susceptibility to neuropsychiatric illnesses.
Basal Ganglia ; Brain ; Female ; Glucose ; Gyrus Cinguli ; Hippocampus ; Humans ; Male ; Mesencephalon ; Metabolism ; Positron-Emission Tomography ; Putamen ; Reward ; Temperament* ; Volunteers

Hypotensive episode is one of the serious complication during hemodialysis. HSD has used for relief of this problem, but sometimes increased interdialytic weight gain or exacerbation of hypotension are happened. To evaluate the effect of HSD, 7 non- diabetic normotensive uremic patients were hemodialyzed with different sodium level of dialysate (stage A : Na 138mEq/L for 4hrs, stage B : Na 148mEq/L for 4hrs, stage C : initially Na 148mEq/L for 3hrs and Na 138mEq/L for 1hrs), and each stages were continued for 2 weeks. Ultrafiltration was performed to maintain the patient's estimated dry weight constantly. Interdialytic weight gain(stage A : 2.9+/-1.2kg, stage B : 3.2+/-1.1kg, stage C : 3.1+/-0.8kg) and presystolic systolic and diastolic blood pressure were not different in each stage. The incidence of hypotension (systolic BP<90mmHg) during hemodialysis was significantly lower in stage B and stage C(24%, 21%) than stage A(54%)(P<0.01). During hemodialysis the incidence of thirst was higher in stage B(40%) than stage A and stage C(11%, 12%) (P<0.05) significantly but there are no difference in headache and itching during hemodialysis between the each stage. Pre-dialysis and post-dialysis serum sodium and osmolality were not different in each stage but at 2 hrs after initiation of hemodialysis serum sodium and osmolality were higher in stage B(145.6+/-2.1mEq/L, 306+/-6.7mOsm/kg) and stage C (146.1+/-2.1mEq/L, 306+/-13.1mOsm/kg) than stage A (140.1+/-2.5mEq/L, 292+/-8.7mOsm/kg)(P<0.05). The ANP levels of pre-dialysis and post-dialysis were not different in each stage. In conclusion, HSD improved hypotenive episode. In spite of sodium load, increased interdialytic weight gain and elevation of pre-dialysis blood pressure were not developed and sodium modeling during hemodialysis attenuate some adverse effect of HSD.
Atrial Natriuretic Factor ; Blood Pressure* ; Headache ; Humans ; Hypotension ; Incidence ; Osmolar Concentration ; Pruritus ; Renal Dialysis ; Sodium* ; Thirst ; Ultrafiltration ; Weight Gain

Acute pancreatitis rarely occurs in the postpartum period. Furthermore, there are very few reports of it after cesarean section delivery. A 35-year-old woman presented with dyspnea and abdominal distension on the third day after cesarean section delivery. Under a suspicion of acute pancreatitis, she was initially managed with conservative treatment. However, she developed intra-abdominal fluid collections and gastric bleeding, which were managed with percutaneous drainage, endoscopic hemostasis, and angiographic embolization. She was discharged with good clinical recovery. Postpartum pancreatitis, especially after cesarean section, is rare; however, its management is not different from that for usual pancreatitis.
Adult ; Cesarean Section* ; Drainage ; Dyspnea ; Esophageal and Gastric Varices ; Female ; Hemorrhage ; Hemostasis, Endoscopic ; Humans ; Pancreatitis* ; Postpartum Period ; Pregnancy ; Stomach Ulcer

Sclerosing peritonitis (SCP) is a syndrome of multiple causes that is characterized by the thickening of peritoneal membrane and subsequent ultrafiltration failure and intestinal obstruction. We report a case of sclerosing peritonitis initially suspected of tuberculous peritonitis in a patient with pulmonary tuberculosis. A 35-year-old man presented with recurrent exudative ascites of unknown origin. He had been switched from peritoneal dialysis to hemodialysis because of recurrent peritonitis 6 months ago. Laparoscopic peritoneal biopsy revealed excessive formation of capillaries and monocyte infiltration without evidence of tuberculosis. He was discharged without further treatment. Four months later, he was readmitted with intestinal obstruction. Exploratory laparotomy revealed that the whole small intestine was encased in a thick and fibrous peritoneal capsule. Pathologic examination of peritoneal membrane showed absence of mesothelium and extensive proliferation of fibroconnective tissue, which was compatible with sclerosing peritonitis.
Adult ; Ascites ; Biopsy ; Capillaries ; Dialysis* ; Epithelium ; Humans ; Intestinal Obstruction ; Intestine, Small ; Laparotomy ; Membranes ; Monocytes ; Peritoneal Dialysis ; Peritoneal Dialysis, Continuous Ambulatory ; Peritonitis* ; Peritonitis, Tuberculous* ; Renal Dialysis ; Tuberculosis ; Tuberculosis, Pulmonary ; Ultrafiltration

BACKGROUND: To compare the mobilizing effects and toxicities of two different doses of cyclophosphamide (CY) plus lenograstim (glycosylated G-CSF), we performed a prospective randomized study by enrolling patients suffering with either high-risk Non-Hodgkin's lymphoma (NHL) or breast cancer undergoing ablative chemotherapy. METHODS: The NHL patients received 4 cycles of CHOP and the breast cancer patients received 2-3 cycles of FAC (FEC) adjuvant chemotherapy. Then, the patients were randomly allocated to receive CY 4 g/m2 (arm A) or 1.5 g/m2 (arm B) in combination with lenograstim. Large volume leukapheresis was carried out and it was continued daily until the target cell dose of 2x10 (6) CD34+ cell/kg was reached. RESULTS: Twenty-seven patients were enrolled in the study. The median number of leukaphereis sessions actually performed was 2.5 sessions in arm A and 3 sessions in arm B. The target cell dose was obtained with the median number of one leukapheresis session in both arms of the study (p=0.09). The collected number of CD34+ cells in the leukapheresis products was higher in arm A than arm B (22.4 vs. 9.9x10 (6) /kg, respectively, p=0.05). Grade III or IV leukopenia was present in 14/15 patients (94%) in arm A and in 1/12 patients (8%) in arm B (p< 0.0001). Grade III or IV thrombocytopenia was present in 8/15 patients (54%) in arm A, but this was not present in any patients of arm B (p=0.0004). Neutropenic fever occurred in 6/15 patients (40%) in arm A, and in 1/12 patients (8%) in arm B (p=0.09). The hematological recovery of the leukocytes and platelets after transplantation was not statistically different between the two doses. CONCLUSION: Low-dose CY plus lenograstim is a safe and effective mobilizing regimen.
Transplantation Conditioning ; Stem Cells/*drug effects ; Recombinant Proteins/administration & dosage/pharmacology ; Prospective Studies ; Myeloablative Agonists/*administration & dosage/pharmacology ; Middle Aged ; Male ; Lymphoma, Non-Hodgkin/*drug therapy ; Leukapheresis ; Humans ; *Hematopoietic Stem Cell Mobilization ; Granulocyte Colony-Stimulating Factor/*administration & dosage/pharmacology ; Female ; Drug Therapy, Combination ; Cyclophosphamide/*administration & dosage/pharmacology ; Chemotherapy, Adjuvant ; Breast Neoplasms/*drug therapy ; Adult

OBJECTIVES: Renal osteodystrophy has been recognized as one of the major complications in long-term hemodialysis patients. Bone histomorphology is the definite method for diagnosis but plasma intact PTH level has predictive value for diagnosis of renal osteodystrophy. We performed this study to evaluate the prevalence and correlating factors of secondary hyperparathyroidism in ESRD patients. METHODS: we analyzed the intact PTH level (normal value: 12-72 pg/ml) and clinical parameters in 309 maintance hemodialysis patients retrospectively. RESULTS: The causes of ESRD were chronic glomerulonephritis (32%) diabetic nephropathy (25%) and hypertensive nephropathy (13%). In hemodialysis patients, the mean duration were 48+/-43 months, the serum phosphorus levels were 5.0+/-1.8 mg/dl, and the serum albumin levels were 3.9+/-0.6 gm/dl. The intact PTH levels were 175+/-266 pg/ml. The incidence of hypercalcemia (>10.5 mg/dl) in patients was 4.6% and the incidence of hypocalcemia (<8.5mg/dl) was 26.4%. Twenty-five percent of the patients had iPTH level more than three times normal. Another 42% had a less than normal iPTH level. In multiple regression, serum calcium (r=-0.24), age (r=-0.17) and duration of dialysis (r=0.15) correlated significantly with iPTH level. The iPTH levels between diabetic (82+/-139 pg/ml) and nondiabetic (229+/-320 pg/dl) patients were significantly different (P<0.01). But there are no significant correlation between sugar control and iPTH level. CONCLUSION: We conclude that the iPTH levels were significantly correlated with the age, durations of hemodialysis and the serum calcium levels. Level of intact iPTH in diabetic group were significantly lower than nondiabetes in hemodialysis.
Calcium ; Diabetic Nephropathies ; Diagnosis ; Dialysis ; Glomerulonephritis ; Humans ; Hypercalcemia ; Hyperparathyroidism, Secondary* ; Hypocalcemia ; Incidence ; Kidney Failure, Chronic ; Parathyroid Hormone ; Phosphorus ; Plasma ; Prevalence* ; Renal Dialysis* ; Renal Osteodystrophy ; Retrospective Studies ; Serum Albumin

Classical swine fever (CSF), a highly contagious disease that affects domestic pigs and wild boar, has serious economic implications. The present study examined the virulence and transmission of CSF virus strain YC11WB (isolated from a wild boar in 2011) in breeding wild boar. Virulence of strain YC11WB in domestic pigs was also examined. Based on the severe clinical signs and high mortality observed among breeding wild boar, the pathogenicity of strain YC11WB resembled that of typical acute CSF. Surprisingly, in contrast to strain SW03 (isolated from breeding pigs in 2003), strain YC11WB showed both acute and strong virulence in breeding pigs. None of three specific monoclonal antibodies (7F2, 7F83, and 6F65) raised against the B/C domain of the SW03 E2 protein bound to the B/C domain of strain YC11WB due to amino acid mutations (⁷²⁰K→R and ⁷²³N→S) in the YC11WB E2 protein. Although strains YC11WB and SW03 belong to subgroup 2.1b, they had different mortality rates in breeding pigs. Thus, if breeding pigs have not developed protective immunity against CSF virus, they may be susceptible to strain YC11WB transmitted by wild boar, resulting in severe economic losses for the pig industry.
Animals ; Antibodies, Monoclonal ; Breeding ; Classical swine fever virus* ; Classical Swine Fever* ; Mortality ; Sus scrofa* ; Swine ; Virulence

PURPOSE: To determine the risk factors relating renal allograft and patient survival, we, Dae Jeon St. Mary's Hospital transplantaion team, Dae Jeon, Korea, reviewed 200 cases of kidney transplantation. METHODS: 200 medical records of kidney transplantation from February 1988 to June 2000 was reviewed retrospectively. The clinical follow up period was February 2001, and clinical analysis was done. RESULTS: 1) The original renal disease of the cases were 78 cases of chronic glomerulonephritis, 18 cases of diabetic nephropathy, 16 cases of hypertensive nephrosclerosis and 1 case of lupus nephritis, 2) The recipient-donor relationships were 14 cases of parent to offspring, 9 cases of offspring to parents, 26 cases of between siblings. There were 150 cases of non- related donor and 1 case of cadaveric donor, 3) At the end of Feb. 2001, 33 graft and 10 patients were lost (5 year graft survival was 88.3% and 5 year patient survival rate was 94.6%), 4) 7 cases of malignant tumors, 171 cases of hypertension, 141 cases of hyperlipdemia, 76 cases of Cushing's disease and 58 cases of hyperuricemia were developed, 5) There were 114 cases of infections (41 cases of bacterial infections, 40 cases of viral infections, 13 cases of tuberculosis and 20 cases of fungal infections), 6) The cases of surgical complications were 16 cases of lymphocele, 9 cases of urinary leakage, 5 cases of hematome and other 3 cases, 7) The factor analysis for graft survival showed that the donor and recipient age, number of acute rejection episodes had statistical significance. CONCLUSION: Episodes of acute rejection and old age group both in donor and recipient over 50 were the risk factors affecting renal allograft survival.
Allografts ; Bacterial Infections ; Cadaver ; Daejeon ; Diabetic Nephropathies ; Follow-Up Studies ; Glomerulonephritis ; Graft Survival ; Humans ; Hypertension ; Hyperuricemia ; Kidney Transplantation* ; Kidney* ; Korea ; Lupus Nephritis ; Lymphocele ; Medical Records ; Nephrosclerosis ; Parents ; Retrospective Studies ; Risk Factors ; Siblings ; Survival Rate ; Tissue Donors ; Transplants ; Tuberculosis

PURPOSE: Paclitaxel and cisplatin, active drugs in the treatment of non-small-cell lung cancer (NSCLC), have been found to be synergistic and less myelotoxic in combination when the paclitaxel is given 24 hr prior to the cisplatin. Their antitumor activity and toxicity in patients with advanced NSCLC has been evaluated herein. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Seventy-four chemonaive patients, with advanced NSCLC, were enrolled. Paclitaxel, 175 mg/m2, was administered on day 1, followed 24 hr later by cisplatin, 75 mg/m2, on day 2. RESULTS: The overall response rate, median time to progression and median survival time were 51%, 7.1 months (95% confidence interval (CI), 5.5~8.7 months) and 13.7 months (95% CI, 11.3~16.1 months), respectively. There were significant differences in the overall survival rates in relation to stage and the ECOG performance status(PS). The toxicity was mainly nonhematological. Grade > or =3 neuropathy occurred in 2 (3%) patients, myalgia in 3 (4%), and bone pain in 3 (4%). The hematological toxicity was mild, and no grade 3 or 4 neutropenia was observed. CONCLUSION: The combination of paclitaxel and cisplatin is an effective and tolerable treatment regimen for advanced NSCLC during first line chemotherapy. The main toxicity was nonhematological, such as peripheral neuropathy, myalgia and bone pain, whereas the hematological toxicity itself was mild.
Cisplatin* ; Drug Therapy ; Drug Therapy, Combination* ; Humans ; Lung Neoplasms* ; Lung* ; Myalgia ; Neutropenia ; Paclitaxel* ; Peripheral Nervous System Diseases ; Survival Rate