In order to investigate the main factor of pathogenicity in V. mimicus, we have studied the toxic effects of j3-hemolysin produced by V. mimicus. The purified hemolysin of V. mimicus was active erythrocytes from three animal species including mouse, rabbit and rat, but the hemolysin was most active against rabbit erythrocyte. The hemolysin lysed cultured cell and killed mouse. Rapid death of mouse was observed with rather small doses of the toxin. Intravenous injection of 20 mg of the purified toxin killed mice within 25 sec. The hemolysin also had a lethal effect on intraperitoneal injection into mice although less than on intravenous injection. Purified hemolysin injected rabbits had large morphological change in jejunum. In electron micrograph of thin sections of the human erythrocytes, cells were threated with the hemolysin at 37 C for 5 min., significant changes were not observed. But after 10 min., hemolysis was observed and after 60 min., complete degradation of human erythrocyte was observed.
Animals ; Cells, Cultured ; Erythrocytes ; Hemolysis ; Humans ; Injections, Intraperitoneal ; Injections, Intravenous ; Jejunum ; Mice ; Rabbits ; Rats ; Vibrio mimicus* ; Vibrio* ; Virulence

Vibrio mimicus, marine bacteria pathogenic for fish, can causes acute gastroenteritis in human. Iron limmited condition like in human body, may change the surface structure of V. mimicus. In this study we obse'rved the effect of iron limmited condition on outer membrane protein of V. mimicus. Ethylenediamine-di (O-hydroxy-phenylacetic) acid (EDDA), an iron chelator, delayed the time to reach expotential growth of V. mimicus in brain heart infusion medium from 3 hours to 20 hours. Outer membrane protein of V. mimicus-CON (cultured in BHI) and V. mimicus-EDDA (cultured in BHI contain EDDA) were seperated by 1% sarcosine from total cell envelop. SDS-PAGE of V. mimicus-EDDA and V. mimicus-CON showed similar protein profiles contain 37 kDa major protein but 86 and 90 kDa protein were induced differently. Immunological properties of above protein were determined by ELISA and western blotting. 86 kDa EDDA- specific OMP was induced in V. mimicus (isolate 96-1), V. parahaemolyticus (serotype 09), V. alginolyticus (isolate 95-1), E. coli (human isolate) and V. vulnificus ATCC 27562 in iron limmited condition.
Bacteria ; Blotting, Western ; Brain ; Electrophoresis, Polyacrylamide Gel ; Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay ; Gastroenteritis ; Heart ; Human Body ; Humans ; Iron* ; Membrane Proteins ; Membranes* ; Sarcosine ; Vibrio mimicus* ; Vibrio*

OBJECTIVES: The purpose of this study is to test the reliability of the Korean version of self-compassion scale (K-SCS). METHODS: The total of 484 participants were included in this study. Reliability studies were conducted and internal consistency were examined. RESULTS: The internal consistency of the K-SCS was 0.76, and test-retest reliability was 0.53. CONCLUSION: The K-SCS appeared to be a reliable instrument for assessing self-compassion in Korean population. If supplements further studies of the validity, this scale may be applicable in clinical trials, research, clinical practice.

Five hundred and thirty five cases of patients who were transferred to the Department of Emergency Medicine in Pusan University Hospital from Aug 1, 1997 to Aug 31, 1997 and from Oct 1, 1997 to Oct 31, 1997 were studied prospectively. The results were as follows: 1. Total 535 patients were transferred to the emergency department of PNUH(Pusan National University Hospital) for 2 months(average 8.2 a day). Male to female ratio was 1.58:1 and peak age group was 6th decade(17.0% of total). 2. In distribution about arrival time of transferred patients, 40.7% was from 08:00 to 16:00, 39.3% was from 16:00 to 24:00 and 20.0% was from 0:00 to 8:00. 3. Cases that were communicated with the emergency department of PNUH were 7.7%, cases that were communicated with other departments of PNUH were 10.1%, and 82.2% of total cases were transferred without any communication. 4. A 40.7% of patients was transferred by a hospital ambulance, 33.1% of patients used non-emergency vehicles such as taxis or buses, 25.3% of patients was transferred by an 119 or 129 rescue ambulance, and 0.9% was transferred by on foot or others. 5. Transferring hospital was divided into 3 groups: primary hospital, secondary hospital, and university hospital. The majority was secondary hospital(83.6%). 6. The cases that patients wanted to be treated in PNUH were the greatest in number as 55.5%, the cases transferred due to emergency surgery were 9.3%, the cases transferred without specialized department concerned were 28.6%, the cases transferred because of bed deficit were 1.7% and the cases transferred due to other cause were 4.9%. 7. Traumatic patients were 32.5%, and among them 9.9% was due to motor vehicle accident, among these 78.5% was mild patients. Non-traumatic patients were 67.5% and among them 74.2% was mild patients. 8. Among all transferred patients, 75.7% was admitted for general care, emergency operation, and ICU care. The percentage of discharge was 19.1%, the percentage of death was 2.4%, and the percentage of transfer to other hospital was 2.8%. Generally, because of bed deficit and of availability of operation room, patients were transferred to other hospital. 9. Among specialized departments, the proportion of the department of internal medicine, neurosurgery and pediatrics was 29.3%, 17.2% and 11.4% respectively. In conclusion, it is considered that proper patient transfer and effective medical service can be achieved through the well-organized EMSS, and cooperative interhospital communication.
Ambulances ; Busan* ; Emergencies* ; Emergency Medicine ; Emergency Service, Hospital ; Female ; Foot ; Humans ; Internal Medicine ; Male ; Motor Vehicles ; Neurosurgery ; Patient Transfer ; Pediatrics ; Prospective Studies

BACKGROUND: The regional fat distribution is known to be related with some cardiovasular risk factors independently to total body fat amount. Regional fat distribution pattern can be assessed by waist to-hip ratio(WHR). WHR distribution patterns depend on age, sex, race and show regional difference. But, our own unique data are inadequate, so we tried to investigate distribution patterns, cut off points and related factors of WHR in middle aged men and women among Korean. METHODS: The study population were middle aged men and women above 40 years old who visited our hospital for routine check up from April to July, 1996. We measured height, weight, blood pressure, waist circumference, hip circumference, fasting blood sugar and total cholesterol in 1,000 persons. We gathered data about diet habits, exercise, smoking and drinking status by standard questionnaire. We analized above data by using SAS for Window 6.10. RESULTS: The study population numbers of men and women were 494 and 499, and average ages of men and women were 49.3 and 50.5 years respectively. For men, the average WHRs as a whole were 0.895, and 0.893, 0.893 and 0.911 in their forties, fifties and above sixties respectively. For women, the average WHRs as a whole were 0.827, and 0.816, 0.837 and 0.850 in their forties, fifties and above sixties respectively. The percentage above WHR 1.0, 0.95, and 0.90 in men were 2.4%, 11.7% and 46% and the percentage above WHR 0.90, 0.85, and 0.80 in women were 8.2%, 32.9% and 68.7%. Adjusting by age, body mass index, WHR was significantly correlated with weight, systolic blood pressure, diastolic blood pressure in men only. For men, WHR was associated with alcohol drinking positively and with exercise negatively. For women, WHR was associated with alcohol drinking and smoking status positively. CONCLUSIONS: The WHR had a tendency to increase according to age. The 90th percentile points in men and women were 0.957 and 0.894 respectively. WHR was related with several cardiovascular risk factors and several life styles.
Adipose Tissue ; Adult ; Alcohol Drinking ; Blood Glucose ; Blood Pressure ; Body Mass Index ; Cholesterol ; Continental Population Groups ; Drinking ; Fasting ; Female ; Food Habits ; Hip ; Humans ; Life Style ; Male ; Middle Aged* ; Risk Factors ; Smoke ; Smoking ; Waist Circumference ; Waist-Hip Ratio* ; Surveys and Questionnaires

PURPOSE: Diabetic nephropathy is the most common cause of end stage renal disease and the incidence is progressively increasing. The aim of this study was to investigate the differences of 99mTc-DMSA renal uptake among diabetic patients with normoalbuminuria, microalbuminuria and overt proteinuria, and then to determine the clinical usefulness of 99mTc-DMSA in predicting early diabetic nephropathy. MATERIALS AND METHODS: 99mTc-DMSA scan was performed and a total renal uptake of 99mTc-DMSA was measured in 145 diabetic patients. Patients were divided into 3 groups according to the amount of 24 hour urinary albumin excretion as Group I (normoalbuminuria, 74 cases), Group II (microalbuminuria, 39 cases), and Group III (overt proteinuria, 32 cases). The differences of 99mTc-DMSA renal uptake among the 3 groups and the correlation between the renal uptake of 99mTc-DMSA and other clinical parameters were analyzed. RESULTS: The total renal uptake of 99mTc-DMSA of Group II (40.8+/-11.0%) was significantly lower than that of Group I (54.4+/-6.3%, p<0.001). The uptake of Group III (27.7+/-12.0%) was significantly lower than those of both GroupI and Group II (p<0.001). 99mTc-DMSA total renal uptakes correlated negatively with serum creatinine level (r=-0.629, p<0.001) and positively correlated with creatinine clearance rate (r=0.702, p<0.001). CONCLUSION: 99mTc-DMSA total renal uptake of diabetic patients with microalbuminuria was significantly decreased compared with that of patients of normoalbuminuria. Therefore, 99mTc-DMSA scan can be used as a diagnostic study for early detection of the diabetic nephropathy.
Creatinine ; Diabetic Nephropathies ; Humans ; Incidence ; Kidney Failure, Chronic ; Proteinuria ; Technetium Tc 99m Dimercaptosuccinic Acid*

No abstract available.
Erythroblastosis, Fetal* ; Infant, Newborn

Due to an author error the National Research Foundation of Korea Grant Number was incorrectly listed in the original online publication of this article.

No abstract available.
Porphyromonas gingivalis* ; Porphyromonas* ; Virulence*

No abstract available.
Porphyromonas gingivalis* ; Porphyromonas* ; Virulence*