No abstract available.

PURPOSE: This study was to measure and identify the differences of perceived confidence in practice of core basic nursing skills performed by new graduate nurses in Korea. METHODS: The tool used in this study was a questionnaire for measuring the confidence in 20 items of core basic nursing skills which was structured based on Korean Accreditation Board of Nursing Education tool. 231 new graduate nurses participated in this study. The reliability of this questionnaire had Cronbach's alpha .918. RESULTS: Subjects who experienced simulation education and standard patient education were 86.6% and 35.9%, respectively. Item enema intervention, tracheostomy care, and blood transfusion showed low practice confidence level. These items showed significant differences on whether the subjects experienced simulation and clinical practicum or not. CONCLUSION: Developing and managing clinical education program under deep cooperation between practicum agency and clinical instructor are needed. Simulation practicum will complement insufficient core basic nursing skills between newly graduated nurses before they allocate at the clinical department.
Accreditation ; Blood Transfusion ; Clinical Competence ; Complement System Proteins ; Education ; Education, Nursing ; Enema ; Korea ; Nursing* ; Patient Education as Topic ; Surveys and Questionnaires ; Tracheostomy

PURPOSE: The purpose of this study is to develop a simple method to measure magnetic susceptibility of arbitrarily shaped materials through MR imaging and numerical modeling. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Our 3D printed phantom consists of a lower compartment filled with a gel (gel part) and an upper compartment for placing a susceptibility object (object part). The B0 maps of the gel with and without the object were reconstructed from phase images obtained in a 3T MRI scanner. Then, their difference was compared with a numerically modeled B0 map based on the geometry of the object, obtained by a separate MRI scan of the object possibly immersed in an MR-visible liquid. The susceptibility of the object was determined by a least-squares fit. RESULTS: A total of 18 solid and liquid samples were tested, with measured susceptibility values in the range of −12.6 to 28.28 ppm. To confirm accuracy of the method, independently obtained reference values were compared with measured susceptibility when possible. The comparison revealed that our method can determine susceptibility within approximately 5%, likely limited by the object shape modeling error. CONCLUSION: The proposed gel-phantom-based susceptibility measurement may be used to effectively measure magnetic susceptibility of MR-compatible samples with an arbitrary shape, and can enable development of various MR engineering parts as well as test biological tissue specimens.
Magnetic Resonance Imaging ; Methods ; Reference Values ; Research Design

PURPOSE: Symptoms of postmyocardial infarction (post-MI) patients at risk for progression to heart failure are often ignored, and lack of symptom recognition or misinterpretation may diminish health-related quality of life (HRQoL). This study was conducted to evaluate the differences in HRQoL by symptom experience and determine factors that predict diminished HRQoL in post-MI patients. METHODS: Using a descriptive correlational study design, post-MI patients with left ventricular dysfunction (ejection fraction < 50%) completed face-to-face interviews for symptoms, HRQoL, covariates including self-care compliance, New York Heart Association class, and demographic and clinical questionnaires. RESULTS: A total of 105 post-MI patients participated (mean age 65 years, 79.0% male, mean ejection fraction 43.6%, New York Heart Association class III/IV 33.3%). Mean length of time after the cardiac event was 48 months. Patients reported four or more symptoms, with fatigue being the most common symptom (63.8%), followed by shortness of breath (56.2%), weakness (54.3%), and dizziness (51.4%). HRQoL was moderately poor, with a mean score of 44.38 +/- 27.66. There was no significant relationship between self-care compliance and HRQoL. Patients who were female, with low monthly income, and had lower functional capacity and more symptoms had worse HRQoL, after controlling for age and length of time after the event (adjusted R2 = 0.53, p < .001). CONCLUSIONS: A need for transitional care that assists post-MI patients take an active involvement in symptom monitoring arises so that they can get into the system earlier and benefit from treatment, and eventually achieve desirable HRQoL.
Adult ; Aged ; Aged, 80 and over ; Female ; *Health Status ; Humans ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Myocardial Infarction/complications/*physiopathology ; *Quality of Life ; Risk Factors ; Surveys and Questionnaires ; Ventricular Dysfunction, Left/complications/*physiopathology

PURPOSE: To evaluate the radiologic findings and detectability of parathyroid masses in ultrasonograph computed tomography(CT), and radionuclide study(201TI-99mTc pertechnetate subtraction scintigraphy). MATERIALS AND METHODS: Surgically-proven 11 cases with parathyroid masses consisted of adenoma(n=8), adenomatous hyperplasia(n:2) and adenocarcinoma(n:l) were retrospectively analyzed. We performed US in all cases, CT in 8 cases, and radionuclide study in 7 cases. The parathyroid masses were analysed in regard to anatomic localization and imaging appearance on three modalities. RESULTS: Ten of the 11 parathyroid masses(91%) were located posterior to the thyroid gland and the remainder in the left superior mediastinum. Nine of the 11 cases(82%) were detected on US. The majority were well-defined hypoechoic mass on US. Six of the 8 cases(75%) were detected on CT scan. In the precontrst CT, all of the 8 masses were hypodense as compared with thyroid gland and most showed mild enhancement on post-contrast CT. Six of the 7 cases(86%) were detected on RI study as hot nodule. CONCLUSION: The typical radiological findings of the parathyroid mass were well-defined ovoid or round hypoechoic mass on US, hypodense mass with variable contrast enhancement on CT, and hot nodule on radionuclide study. US was a convenient and reliable imaging modality in detecting parathyroid masses. Improved diagnostic accuracy could be achieved with complementary CT scan and radionuclide study in addition to ultrasonography.
Mediastinum ; Retrospective Studies ; Sodium Pertechnetate Tc 99m ; Thyroid Gland ; Tomography, X-Ray Computed ; Ultrasonography

We report a case of borderzone infarction which was developed after the coil embolization of unruptured internal carotid-posterior communicating artery aneurysm. Post-procedural angiography and brain computerized tomographic scan did not reveal any abnormality. However, brain magnetic resonance image (MRI) showed a wedge-shaped borderzone cerebral infarction between left middle cerebral artery and left anterior cerebral artery territory. It was suspected to be a manifestation of hypoperfusion in the internal carotid artery territory, caused by hemodynamic instability during the procedure. In order to prevent this unexpected serious complication, using the continuous hemodynamic monitoring during aneurysmal coil embolization, such as transcranial doppler ultrasonography, should be considered.
Aneurysm ; Angiography ; Anterior Cerebral Artery ; Arteries ; Brain ; Carotid Artery, Internal ; Cerebral Infarction ; Embolization, Therapeutic* ; Hemodynamics* ; Infarction* ; Intracranial Aneurysm* ; Middle Cerebral Artery ; Ultrasonography, Doppler, Transcranial

Objectives: The aim of this study was to investigate dietary intakes and nutritional status among Uganda primary school children from two selected schools in urban and rural areas. Methods: Data were collected from 350 pupils (6-14 years) in Mpigi district, Uganda. All participants were offered a school lunch meal (usually maize porridge and boiled beans). Dietary survey was conducted in October 2016. Data for dietary intake levels were collected by the 24-hour recall method with trained school staffs. The data were converted into nutrient intakes using the CAN-Pro 5.0 Program and compared with KDRIs to evaluate the nutritional status of the subjects. Diet quality indexes such as nutrient density, nutrient adequacy ratio (NAR), mean adequacy ratio (MAR), and index of nutritional quality (INQ) and a diet diversity index such as diet diversity score (DDS) were calculated to evaluate nutritional status among subjects. Data were analyzed using SPSS statistical programs. Results: Results show that the intakes of most nutrients were significantly different by schools. The nutritional status of micro-nutrients was very low in both schools according to analysis of nutritional indexes such as NARs and INQs. Students from both schools should improve intakes of micro-nutrients related to child growth such as calcium, Vitamin B6, zinc and folate. According to the analysis of dietary diversity, there was difference in dietary patterns by schools presumably due to their locations. Conclusions This suggests that current meals could not provide adequate nutrients for the subjects and urgent nutrition interventions for school food services are needed to improve their nutritional well-being. New foods supplements based on local cuisine are also needed to ensure dietary diversity and sustainable development plans.

BACKGROUND: This study was conducted to develop a pre-discharge group education program for liver transplant patients, and to contribute to improving the knowledge and performance of self-management after discharge. METHODS: This investigation was a methodological study consisting of analysis, design, development, operation, and evaluation stages. RESULTS: The constituent items of the pre-discharge group education program for liver transplant patients include medication management, infection management, emergency management, outpatient management, complication management, nutrition management, exercise management, wound and drainage management, disability registration, and sex life. The pre-discharge group education program for liver transplant patients was conducted once a week, 30 minutes for the coordinator, 40 minutes for the clinical nurse specialist (including 10 minutes for wound and drainage management), 30 minutes for pharmacists, 20 minutes for the nutritionist, and 20 minutes for social workers. Additionally, the contents of the lecture announced by PowerPoint were made the same as the booklet. The overall knowledge level before and 3 months after the pre-discharge group education program for liver transplantation patients increased significantly from 17.32±1.53 to 19.74±0.89. At the 3-month time point, the overall compliance was 77.39±3.04 out of 80. Overall satisfaction was 9.32±0.93 on a scale of 10. Finally, the need for medication was the highest at 3 months. CONCLUSIONS: It is expected that this program can be utilized in the clinical field as an effective nursing education intervention.
Compliance ; Drainage ; Education* ; Education, Nursing ; Emergencies ; Humans ; Liver Transplantation ; Liver* ; Methods ; Nurse Clinicians ; Nutritionists ; Outpatients ; Pamphlets ; Pharmacists ; Self Care ; Social Work ; Social Workers ; Wounds and Injuries

This study was performed to select the proper assessing methods for learning outcomes in undergraduate education of medical humanities (MH), and to evaluate whether student assessments in MH curricula are related to the graduate outcomes (GO)and/or periodic phase outcomes (PO). We searched the reasonable assessing methods for GO and PO of MH curricula of Keimyung University School of Medicine (KUSM). The outcomes are composed of six competencies including patient care, communication, patient support, professionalism, problem solving and research, and self-development. Then, we analyzed whether student assessments carried out during formal MH curricula properly achieved their PO, furthermore their GO. Four competencies including communication, patient support, professionalism, self-development were lightened to be closely related to outcomes for MH. Only the component of problem solving was settled to be related to MH in the competency of problem solving and research. The competency of patient care was excluded from the relationship with MH. The assessing methods for the GO and three PO recommended from educational experts, and there were various available assessing methods based on medical situations and clinical contexts including direct observation of clinical skills, 360 degree feedback, peer review, self-assessment, project-based assessment, portfolio-based assessment, discussion & presentation-based assessment, log-based assessment. For the outcome-achieving from formal MH curricula, the MH programs of phase-1 (1st and 2nd grades) almost accomplished the PO of communication, patient supporting and professionalism, and considerably accomplished the PO of problem solving and self-development. The MH programs of phase-2 (3rd and 4th grades) accomplished considerably their PO as the competencies of professionalism and problem solving, and partially as communication, patient supporting and self-development. However, as only one program, public health law, was provided for MH program in phase-3 (5th and 6th grades), the extra methods to evaluate their MH outcomes are needed. Many assessing methods can be available for the most MH competencies consisting of the GO of KUSM, and the proper assessing methods for each MH competency should be selected based on programs and learning contexts in MH education. While formal MH curricula of the school variously accomplished the MH competencies of GO according to periodic phases of curricula, it is recommended to enhance the feasibility and effectiveness of evaluation for GO in MH curricula of the school.

Endoscopic retrograde biliary drainage (ERBD) is useful for the palliative decompression of biliary obstruction. However, the complications of ERBD include cholangitis, hemorrhage, acute pancreatitis, obstruction of the stent, and duodenal perforation. Pressure necrosis on the duodenal mucosa by the stent may contribute to perforation. Although duodenal perforation following ERBD is very rare compared to other complications, it can result in a fatal outcome. Recent reports describe nonsurgical treatment for small gastrointestinal perforation with localized peritonitis and suggest that endoclipping may be appropriate in the management of a well selected group of patients with iatrogenic perforation. We describe a case of duodenal perforation secondary to ERBD that was successfully treated with approximating using endoclip and detachable snare.
Bile Ducts, Extrahepatic ; Biliary Tract Diseases/complications/surgery ; Cholangiopancreatography, Endoscopic Retrograde ; Drainage ; Duodenal Diseases/*diagnosis/etiology/therapy ; Female ; Gallbladder Neoplasms/diagnosis ; Humans ; Intestinal Perforation/*diagnosis/etiology/therapy ; Middle Aged ; Plastics ; Stents/*adverse effects ; Tomography, X-Ray Computed