BACKGROUND: Sarcopenia is the loss of muscle mass leading to decreased muscle strength, physical disability, and increased mortality. The genesis of both sarcopenia and osteoporosis is multifactorial, and several factors that play a role in osteoporosis are thought to contribute to sarcopenia. This study evaluated the association between sarcopenia and bone density and health-related quality of life in Korean men. METHODS: We used the data of 1,397 men over 50 years of age from the 2009 Korean National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey. Sarcopenia was defined as the appendicular skeletal muscle mass divided by height2 (kg/m2) < 2 standard deviations below the sex-specific mean for young adults. Health-related quality of life was measured by the EuroQol-5 dimension (EQ-5D) instrument. Logistic regression analysis was performed to evaluate the relationship between sarcopenia, bone density, and health-related quality of life. RESULTS: The T-score of the lumbar spine, total femur, and femur neck in bone mineral density in subjects with sarcopenia were lower than those in subjects without sarcopenia. The score of the EQ-5D index was significantly lower and the rate of having problems with individual components of health-related quality of life was higher in the sarcopenic group. After adjustment for age and body mass index, the odds ratios (ORs) (95% confidence interval [CI]) for sarcopenia were 2.06 (1.07-3.96) in osteopenic subjects and 3.49 (1.52-8.02) in osteoporotic subjects, respectively. After adjustment, the total score of the EQ-5D index was significantly lower in the sarcopenic subjects. The ORs (95% CI) for having problems of mobility and usual activity of the EQ-5D descriptive system were 1.70 (1.02-2.84) and 1.90 (1.09-3.31), respectively. CONCLUSION: Sarcopenia was associated with decreased bone mineral density in Korean men. In addition, sarcopenia was related to poor quality of life, especially with regard to mobility and usual activity. Greater attention to and evaluation for sarcopenia are needed in subjects showing low bone mineral density to prevent and manage poor quality of life.
Body Mass Index ; Bone Density ; Bone Diseases, Metabolic ; Electrolytes ; Femur ; Femur Neck ; Humans ; Logistic Models ; Male ; Muscle Strength ; Muscle, Skeletal ; Muscles ; Nutrition Surveys ; Odds Ratio ; Osteoporosis ; Quality of Life ; Sarcopenia ; Spine ; Young Adult

OBJECTIVES: Asia sand dust (ASD) is known to cause various human diseases including respiratory infection. The aim of this study was to examine the effect of ASD on inflammatory response in human middle ear epithelial cells (HMEECs) in vitro and in vivo. METHODS: Cell viability was assessed using the cell counting kit-8 assay. The mRNA levels of various genes including COX-2, TNF-a, MUC 5AC, MUC 5B, TP53, BAX, BCL-2, NOX4, and SOD1 were analyzed using semiquantitative realtime polymerase chain reaction. COX-2 protein levels were determined by western blot analysis. Sprague Dawley rats were used for in vivo investigations of inflammatory reactions in the middle ear epithelium as a result of ASD injection. RESULTS: We observed dose-dependent decrease in HMEEC viability. ASD exposure significantly increased COX-2, TNF-a, MUC5AC, and MUC5B mRNA expression. Also, ASD affected the mRNA levels of apoptosis- and oxidative stress-related genes. Western blot analysis revealed a dose-dependent increase in COX-2 production. Animal studies also demonstrated an ASD-induced inflammatory response in the middle ear epithelium. CONCLUSION: Environmental ASD exposure can result in the development of otitis media.
Animals ; Asia ; Asian Continental Ancestry Group* ; Blotting, Western ; Cell Count ; Cell Survival ; Cyclooxygenase 2 ; Dust* ; Ear, Middle* ; Epithelial Cells ; Epithelium ; Gene Expression* ; Humans ; In Vitro Techniques ; Mucins* ; Otitis Media ; Polymerase Chain Reaction ; Rats, Sprague-Dawley ; RNA, Messenger

Macroglobulinemia is the result of an uncontrolled proliferation of lymphocytes and plasma cells in which a large IgM M protein is produced. IgM monoclonal gammopathy is recognized in a variety of lymphoproliferative diseases and Waldenstr?m's macroglobulinemia (WM) is the most frequent disease in this group. We report a case of nodal marginal zone B-cell lymphoma (Nodal MZBCL) accompanied by monoclonal macroglobulinemia. A 58-year-old man was admitted to the hospital with chronic fatigue and dyspnea. Physical examination revealed cervical, subaxillary, and inguinal lymphadenopathy. Histopathologically, monocytoid B cells with abundant pale cytoplasm and small nuclei infiltrated the cervical lymph node. The neoplastic cells were positive for CD 20, bcl-2, and IgM. The serum and urine electrophoresis showed monoclonal spike in the globulin region and immunoelectrophoresis demonstrated immunoglobulin of IgM, kappa type. Immunohistochemically, this monoclonal gammaglobulinemia (IgM, Kappa) was produced and secreted from the nodal MZBCL. This is the first report of nodal MZBCL accompanying macroglobulinemia in Korea.
B-Lymphocytes ; Cytoplasm ; Dyspnea ; Electrophoresis ; Fatigue ; Humans ; Immunoelectrophoresis ; Immunoglobulin M ; Immunoglobulins ; Korea ; Lymph Nodes ; Lymphatic Diseases ; Lymphocytes ; Lymphoma, B-Cell, Marginal Zone* ; Middle Aged ; Paraproteinemias ; Physical Examination ; Plasma Cells ; Waldenstrom Macroglobulinemia*

Background: Copeptin is secreted in equimolar amounts as arginine vasopressin, main hormone regulating body fluid homeostasis. A recent study reported a copeptin-based classification of osmoregulatory defects in syndromes of inappropriate antidiuresis that may aid in prediction of therapeutic success. We investigated usefulness of copeptin for differentiating etiologies of hyponatremia and predicting efficacy and safety of hypertonic saline treatment in hyponatremic patients. Methods: We performed a multicenter, prospective cohort study of 100 inpatients with symptomatic hyponatremia (corrected serum sodium [sNa] ≤ 125 mmol/L) treated with hypertonic saline. Copeptin levels were measured at baseline and 24 hours after treatment initiation, and patients were classified as being below or above median of copeptin at baseline or at 24 hours, respectively. Correlations between target, under correction, and overcorrection rates of sNa within 24 hours/24–48 hours and copeptin levels at baseline/24 hours were analyzed. Results: Mean sNa and median copeptin levels were 117.9 and 16.9 pmol/L, respectively. Ratio of copeptin-to-urine sodium allowed for an improved differentiation among some (insufficient effective circulatory volume), but not all hyponatremia etiologic subgroups. Patients with below-median copeptin levels at baseline achieved a higher target correction rate in 6/24 hours (odds ratio [OR], 2.97; p = 0.02/OR, 6.21; p = 0.006). Patients with below-median copeptin levels 24 hours after treatment showed a higher overcorrection rate in next 24 hours (OR, 18.00, p = 0.02). Conclusion There is a limited diagnostic utility of copeptin for differential diagnosis of hyponatremia. However, copeptin might be useful for predicting responses to hypertonic saline treatment in hyponatremic patients.

OBJECTIVES: The aim of this study was to evaluate the reliability and validity of the Korean Version of the Diagnostic Interview Schedule for Children Version IV(DISC-IV), a highly structured diagnostic interview used to assess more than 30 psychiatric disorders in children and adolescents. METHODS: A total of 91 study subjects, including 67 subjects who visited the child and adolescent psychiatry outpatient clinic at our institution and 24 community-based subjects, were assessed using the Korean Version of the DISCIV. Clinical diagnosis was used as a gold standard for the examination of the validity of the DISC-IV. Forty-four of the study subjects were randomly selected for test-retest reliability measurement. RESULTS: The validity of the Korean Version of the DISC-IV showed kappa values ranging from 0.25 to 0.40 in the clinical sample and 0.65 to 1.00 in the community sample. The sensitivities varied according to the diagnostic categories, but the specificities were excellent for all diagnostic entities. CONCLUSION: The Korean Version of the DISC-IV showed good reliability and validity in Korean children and adolescents. The Korean Version of the DISC-IV might be a useful tool for assessing psychiatric disorders in children and adolescents.
Adolescent ; Adolescent Psychiatry ; Ambulatory Care Facilities ; Appointments and Schedules* ; Child* ; Diagnosis ; Humans ; Reproducibility of Results*

Surgical castration performed to reduce male-associated problems results in pain and microbial infections in male animals. Therefore, immunocontraception, which is mediated by the animal's own antibodies against reproductive hormones, has been recommended as an alternative to surgical castration when considering the animal's welfare. In this study, a new immunocontraceptive vaccine composed of six tandem copies of gonadotropin-releasing hormone (GnRH) fused to rat granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factor (GM-CSF) was developed, and its efficacy was evaluated in male rats. Three different doses (10, 50, and 100 µg) of recombinant GM-CSF–GnRH protein were injected three times at intervals of two weeks into male rats. The rats vaccinated with three doses of GM-CSF–GnRH produced a significantly higher level of antibodies against GnRH than that in the negative control rats. Severe atrophy of gonads was observed in rats vaccinated with three doses of GM-CSF–GnRH but not in the negative control rats. The results reveal that the new GnRH vaccine conjugated with rat GM-CSF induces efficient immunocontraception in male rats. This formulation of the immunocontraceptive vaccine would be applicable to both domestic and pet male animals.
Animals ; Antibodies ; Atrophy ; Castration ; Contraception, Immunologic ; Gonadotropin-Releasing Hormone* ; Gonads ; Granulocyte-Macrophage Colony-Stimulating Factor* ; Humans ; Male* ; Rats* ; Vaccines

A metastatic melanoma to the gastrointestinal tract is observed in 1.5~4.4% of all melanoma patients. However, colonic and rectal involvement is less common. A 72-year-old woman was admitted due to abdominal pain and poor oral intake for 20 days. She had a 3 x 4 cm-sized mass on her right inguinal area 4 month ago, which was diagnosed as a malignant melanoma of the inguinal lymph node on excision biopsy. A large exophytic mass with an irregular ulcerlated, whitish patch, erythematous surface was observed in the hepatic flexure during colonoscopy. A histology diagnosis of a metastatic melanoma was made by an optical microscopy examination of the biopsies obtained during the colonscopy, and palliative right hemicolectomy was performed on account of a potential intestinal obstruction. We report a case of a metastatic melanoma of the colon with a review of the relevant literature.
Abdominal Pain ; Aged ; Biopsy ; Colon* ; Colonoscopy ; Diagnosis ; Female ; Gastrointestinal Tract ; Humans ; Intestinal Obstruction ; Lymph Nodes ; Melanoma* ; Microscopy

BACKGROUND: GenediaTM H. pylori ELISA is a newly developed diagnostic method which detects serum anti-H. pylori IgG antibody. The aim of this study was to assess the accuracy of GenediaTM H. pylori ELISA for the diagnosis of H. pylori infection in Korean population. METHODS: GenediaTM H. pylori ELISA and GAP-IgG were performed in 353 adult sera and Pyloriset-IgG EIA in 184 subjects. In children, 43 serum samples were tested with GenediaTM H. pylori ELISA. H. pylori infection was determined by rapid urease test, histology, culture or 13C-urea breath test in adults. In children, the subject was considered to be H. pylori positive if 13C-urea breath test was positive. RESULTS: In adults, the sensitivity and specificity of GenediaTM H. pylori ELISA were 93.2% and 83.5% with positive and negative predictive values of 85.1% and 92.5%. Those for GAP-IgG and Pyloriset-IgG EIA were 67.2%, 82.4%, 79.3%, 71.4% and 89.1%, 88.4%, 71.9%, 96.1%, respectively. In children, sensitivity, specificity, positive and negative predictive values of GenediaTM H. pylori ELISA were 80%, 84.8%, 61.5%, and 93.3%. Sensitivity and negative predictive value of GenediaTM H. pylori ELISA were significantly higher than those of GAP-IgG (93.2% vs. 67.2%; plt;0.005 and 92.5% vs 71.4%; p<0.005, respectively). CONCLUSION: GenediaTM H. pylori ELISA is a relatively accurate method for the serodiagnosis of H. pylori infection in Korean subjects compared to GAP-IgG. These results may suggest the clinical use of GenediaTM H. pylori ELISA for epidemiological studies of H. pylori infection in Korea.
Adult ; Breath Tests ; Child ; Diagnosis* ; Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay* ; Helicobacter pylori* ; Helicobacter* ; Humans ; Immunoglobulin G ; Korea ; Sensitivity and Specificity ; Serologic Tests ; Urease

The zoonotic transmission of viral diseases to humans is a serious public health concern. Pigs are frequently a major reservoir for several zoonotic viral diseases. Therefore, periodic surveillance is needed to determine the infection rates of zoonotic diseases in domestic pigs. Hepatitis E virus (HEV), rotavirus, sapovirus (SaV), and norovirus (NoV) are potential zoonotic viruses. In this study, 296 fecal samples were collected from weaned piglets and growing pigs in 13 swine farms, and the viral RNA was extracted. Partial viral genomes were amplified by reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction (PCR) or nested-PCR using virusspecific primer sets under different PCR conditions. HEV-3, rotavirus A, and SaV genogoup 3 were detected from 11.5, 2.7, and 3.0% of the samples, respectively. On the other hand, NoV was not detected in any of the samples. Genetic analysis indicated that the nucleotide sequences of swine HEV-3 and rotavirus A detected in this study were closely related to those of human isolates. However, swine SaV was distant from the human strains. These results suggest that HEV-3 and rotavirus A can be transmitted from pigs to humans. Therefore, strict preventive measures should be implemented by workers in the swine industry to prevent infections with HEV-3 and rotavirus A excreted from pigs.

Zoonotic transmission of hepatitis E virus (HEV) is mostly mediated by HEV-3 and HEV-4 genotypes, and domestic pigs are an important reservoir of these genotypes. A survey of 14 pig farms in Korea revealed HEV RNA in 30 of 148 (20.3%) fecal samples. HEV-3a and HEV-4c subtypes were identified in five pig farms (35.7%) and two pig farms (14.3%), respectively. Phylogenetic analysis indicated that the isolated HEV strains were closely related to previously reported zoonotic strains in Korea. The results of the genetic analysis partially explain the possible source of the zoonotic transmission of HEV to humans in Korea.
Agriculture ; Feces ; Genotype ; Hepatitis E virus ; Hepatitis E ; Hepatitis ; Humans ; Korea ; RNA ; Sus scrofa ; Swine