There are many unanswered questions concerning the natural history of developmental dislocation of the hip. The assessment of impaired function in complete hip dislocation is very subjective. According to Wedge, however, 60 percent of hips seems to present significant problems. The remaining 40 percent gives no pain, but produces an abnormal gait with decreased agility, and important consideration in mordern society. Therefore pediatric orthopaedic surgeon should consider to improve the gait and hip function in the neglected D.D.H in elderly children. The following problem have been debated, for instance: 1) traction prior to open reduction 2) how much shorten the femur 3) what type of pelvic osteotomy should be performed? 4) importance of derotation and varus osteotomy of femur 5) to provide immediate stability of the hip, 6) postsurgery joint stiffness, and 7) avascular necrosis of the femoral head. Above problems are discussed through 38 cases which were above the age of 5 years. The results were as follow: 1) A femoral varus osteotomy provided the hip stability by containing the head in socket and femoral shortening effect. 2) The Preop traction provided the soft tissue release at surgery and decreased the incidence of AVN. 3) The acetabular remodelling was observed until the age of 13 years when concentric relocation of the head was achieved even after the age 8 years. 4) The pelvic osteotomy was not always required in those case of complete dislocation in which the femoral head could be deeply relocated in the acetabulum after femoral osteotomy.
Acetabulum ; Aged ; Child ; Dislocations ; Femur ; Gait ; Head ; Hip Dislocation ; Hip ; Humans ; Incidence ; Joints ; Natural History ; Necrosis ; Osteotomy ; Traction

Fractures of the hip in children are rare. The reported incidence is low. It is known that the force required to fracture the bone in childhood is of great magnitude. Rang(1983) reported several important differences between childhood and adult fractures. And Morrissy (1980) also reported differences in treatment. The complications of the femoral neck fractures in children are avascular necorsis, premature epiphyseal closure, nonunion, coxa vara, and infection. The reported incidence of avascular necrosis varies from 20 to 60 percent. Many methods of trestment for this complications are introduced up to now. However, a definite method could not be found. Therefore, we reported two cases of femoral neck fracture which complicated the avascular necrosis for whom non-weight bearing trestment after osteosynthesis were given for 16 and 25 months, respectively. In these two cases, we could obtain the following results. Fracture union was not hindered by avasculsr necrosis of the femoral head. Non-weight bearing could prevent the collapse of necrotic head, and seemed to help revascularization of the necrotic head.
Adult ; Child ; Coxa Vara ; Femoral Neck Fractures ; Femur Neck ; Head ; Hip ; Humans ; Incidence ; Methods ; Necrosis ; Prognosis

PURPOSE: The purpose is to evaluate the CT or MRI findings to help in the differentiation between benign and malignant meningiomas. MATERIAL AND METHODS: The CT and MRI findings of 8 patients with surgically proven malignant meningioma were reviewed. Four cases of 8 malignant meningiomas and 18 cases of 27 benign lesions were studied with a 1.5T or 0.5T MRI. Radiologic analysis was focused on the heterogeneity of tumor, grade of peritumoral edema, presence of cystic degeneration and calcification, tumoral enhancement pattern, dural enhancement, and tumoral border. RESULT: Histologic types of malignant meningioma were meningotheliomatous (n=4), papillary(n=1), fibroblastic(n=l), angioblastic(n=l), and sarcomatous(n=l). Tumoral Heterogeneity was seen in 8 of 8 malignant lesions(100%) and 8 of 27 benign ones(30%). (p<0.01) Marked peritumoral edema was seen in 8 of 8 malignant lesions(100%) and 2 of 27 benign ones. (7.3%)(p<0.01) Most of malignant lesions(6 of 8 cases, 75%) showed ill defined border. Calcification was not present in malignant lesions in contrast with benign ones (14 of 27 cases, 52%). (p<0.05) No statistical significance was noted in cystic degeneration, dural tail like enhancement or tumoral enhancement pattern between malignant and benign meningiomas. MRI signal intensity of malignant meningiomas was homogeneously or heterogeneously hypointense on T1WI, heterogeneously isointense or hypointense on T2WI and heterogeneous or mixed on Gd-DTPA enhancement study. CONCLUSION: The CT or MRI findings such as heterogeneity, ill defined tumoral border, marked peritumoral edema, and absence of calcification may suggest the possibility of malignancy in meningioma.
Edema ; Gadolinium DTPA ; Humans ; Magnetic Resonance Imaging* ; Meningioma* ; Population Characteristics

No abstract available.
Primary Health Care*

OBJECTIVES: A recent study conducted by the Korea National Statistical Office (KNSO) reported that the suicide rate in Korea decreased in 2012. The aim of this study was to investigate the association between the decrease in suicide rate and media reporting of suicide events. METHODS: Data on suicide rates were obtained from the KNSO. Correlation between suicide rate and celebrity suicide events, number of media reports on suicide, and suicide searches was compared. Data were analyzed using Pearson's correlation coefficient. RESULTS: The number of celebrity suicide events and recognition of celebrity decreased in 2012. Pearson's correlation test showed a significant positive correlation between the monthly number of media reports on suicide and the suicide rate (daily newspaper r=0.619, p<0.001 ; broadcast r=0.393, p<0.001). The number of suicide searches showed association with celebrity suicide events. CONCLUSION: The suicide rate may be influenced by the number of media reports on suicide events. Establishing guidelines for media reporting on these events could help to decrease the suicide rates.
Korea ; Periodicals ; Suicide*

PURPOSE: To evaluate the ultrasonographic features of nonlactiferous breast abscess. MATERIALS AND METHODS: We retrospectively reviewed ultrasonograms of 21 cases with surgically and clinically proved nonlactiferous breast abscess. The cases included 17 cases of acute or chronic inflammation and 4 cases of tuberculosis. RESULTS: Location of the lesion was subareolar in 15 cases and peripheral in 6. Mean anteroposterior/transverse diameter ratio was 0.49. Internal echogenicitiy of the lesion was variable, with heterogeneous mixed-echoic echotexture in 18 cases and homogeneous hypoechoic in 3. Margin of the lesion was irregular in 18 cases(85.7%) and posterior sonic enhancement was observed in 17 cases(81%). There were also noted obliteration of adjacent superficial fascia, localized skin thickening, and sinus tract or ductal ectasia in 19(90.5%), 9 (42.9%), and 9(42.9%) cases respectively. CONCLUSION: Major ultrasonographic findings of nonlactiferous breast abscess was subareolar located, variable shaped mass with posterior enhancement. Additional findings were fistular formation, loss of superficial fascia, and axillary lymphadenopathy.
Abscess* ; Breast* ; Dilatation, Pathologic ; Inflammation ; Lymphatic Diseases ; Retrospective Studies ; Skin ; Subcutaneous Tissue ; Tuberculosis ; Ultrasonography

PURPOSE: To evaluate the ultrasonographic features of nonlactiferous breast abscess. MATERIALS AND METHODS: We retrospectively reviewed ultrasonograms of 21 cases with surgically and clinically proved nonlactiferous breast abscess. The cases included 17 cases of acute or chronic inflammation and 4 cases of tuberculosis. RESULTS: Location of the lesion was subareolar in 15 cases and peripheral in 6. Mean anteroposterior/transverse diameter ratio was 0.49. Internal echogenicitiy of the lesion was variable, with heterogeneous mixed-echoic echotexture in 18 cases and homogeneous hypoechoic in 3. Margin of the lesion was irregular in 18 cases(85.7%) and posterior sonic enhancement was observed in 17 cases(81%). There were also noted obliteration of adjacent superficial fascia, localized skin thickening, and sinus tract or ductal ectasia in 19(90.5%), 9 (42.9%), and 9(42.9%) cases respectively. CONCLUSION: Major ultrasonographic findings of nonlactiferous breast abscess was subareolar located, variable shaped mass with posterior enhancement. Additional findings were fistular formation, loss of superficial fascia, and axillary lymphadenopathy.
Abscess* ; Breast* ; Dilatation, Pathologic ; Inflammation ; Lymphatic Diseases ; Retrospective Studies ; Skin ; Subcutaneous Tissue ; Tuberculosis ; Ultrasonography

PURPOSE: To evaluate the radiologic findings and detectability of parathyroid masses in ultrasonograph computed tomography(CT), and radionuclide study(201TI-99mTc pertechnetate subtraction scintigraphy). MATERIALS AND METHODS: Surgically-proven 11 cases with parathyroid masses consisted of adenoma(n=8), adenomatous hyperplasia(n:2) and adenocarcinoma(n:l) were retrospectively analyzed. We performed US in all cases, CT in 8 cases, and radionuclide study in 7 cases. The parathyroid masses were analysed in regard to anatomic localization and imaging appearance on three modalities. RESULTS: Ten of the 11 parathyroid masses(91%) were located posterior to the thyroid gland and the remainder in the left superior mediastinum. Nine of the 11 cases(82%) were detected on US. The majority were well-defined hypoechoic mass on US. Six of the 8 cases(75%) were detected on CT scan. In the precontrst CT, all of the 8 masses were hypodense as compared with thyroid gland and most showed mild enhancement on post-contrast CT. Six of the 7 cases(86%) were detected on RI study as hot nodule. CONCLUSION: The typical radiological findings of the parathyroid mass were well-defined ovoid or round hypoechoic mass on US, hypodense mass with variable contrast enhancement on CT, and hot nodule on radionuclide study. US was a convenient and reliable imaging modality in detecting parathyroid masses. Improved diagnostic accuracy could be achieved with complementary CT scan and radionuclide study in addition to ultrasonography.
Mediastinum ; Retrospective Studies ; Sodium Pertechnetate Tc 99m ; Thyroid Gland ; Tomography, X-Ray Computed ; Ultrasonography

PURPOSE: This study was performed to identify the mediating effect of empowerment in the relationship between head nurses' servant leadership and organizational commitment among clinical nurses. METHODS: A cross-sectional survey design was used. A convenience sample of 249 nurses was recruited from three hospitals located in J province, South Korea. Data were collected by self-report questionnaires, including general characteristics, servant leadership, empowerment, and organizational commitment. Data were analyzed with descriptive statistics, Pearson correlation coefficients, independent t-test, One-way ANOVA, and linear regression using the SPSS 22.0 program. RESULTS: Head nurses' servant leadership perceived by clinical nurses significantly influenced their organization commitment. Empowerment partly mediated the effect of servant leadership on organizational commitment. CONCLUSION: The findings suggest the importance of improving nurse managers' servant leadership and empowering nurses to increase their organizational commitment.
Cross-Sectional Studies ; Head* ; Korea ; Leadership* ; Linear Models ; Negotiating* ; Power (Psychology)*

The purposes of this study were to assess the preferences for one-dish items and the combination preferences of one-dish items and side dishes that were served and eaten together. Participants were 710 fifth grade of elementary school children who were asked to write three of their favorite one-dish items and to select a preferred side dish among 25 of items for each one-dish item. In this way total 41 one-dish items were assessed to combine with a preferred side dish. The results showed that schoolchildren chose Kuksu as their most favorite one-dish item followed by Jajangmyon and curry rice. Kimchi was the most preferred side dish when they consumed one-dish items, especially Ramyon, Jabchebab, and one-dishes containing much broth. Danmugy was liked when they consumed Gimbab, Jajangbab, and Jajangmeon. Kackdugi was chosen as a favourite side dish when they ate Chungmugimbab and fruit salad was most preferred with Spaggetti. There is a difference in preference for side dishes among the three areas of residence. More schoolchildren in Namhae than in Jinju or in Busan liked Kackdugi when they consumed several one-dish items, like curry rice and Dakjuk.
Busan ; Child ; Fruit ; Gyeongsangnam-do ; Humans