No abstract available.

No Abstract Available.
HIV-1* ; Transcription Factors*

Purpose: This study aims to analyze the essence of infant parenting experiences of Vietnamese immigrant mothers married to Koreans’. Methods: The study participants are mothers who came to Korea from Vietnam as marriage immigrants, and have an experience of parenting infants in less than one year or are currently parenting infants. Data collection was carried out by interviews, and Colaizzi’s phenomenological method was used for analysis. Results: Total 17 meaning units, 8 themes and 3 theme clusters were identified. The three theme clusters are as follows: 1) A strange land, journey to ‘mother’, 2) A moment of carelessness, an unexpected accident, 3) The first step to safe parenting. Conclusion Vietnamese immigrant mothers have experienced of a sudden transition to motherhood in Korea, and have raised their infants in a bicultural environment. While raising their infants, they have encountered unexpected accidents due to differences in parenting culture and lifestyle. Nevertheless, Vietnamese immigrant mothers have made efforts to care for their infants safely and have shared parenting responsibility with their husbands. They also recognized the need for infant safety education based on community support. Therefore, in the future, infant safety education programs that consider cultural differences will be necessary.

Purpose: This study aims to analyze the essence of infant parenting experiences of Vietnamese immigrant mothers married to Koreans’. Methods: The study participants are mothers who came to Korea from Vietnam as marriage immigrants, and have an experience of parenting infants in less than one year or are currently parenting infants. Data collection was carried out by interviews, and Colaizzi’s phenomenological method was used for analysis. Results: Total 17 meaning units, 8 themes and 3 theme clusters were identified. The three theme clusters are as follows: 1) A strange land, journey to ‘mother’, 2) A moment of carelessness, an unexpected accident, 3) The first step to safe parenting. Conclusion Vietnamese immigrant mothers have experienced of a sudden transition to motherhood in Korea, and have raised their infants in a bicultural environment. While raising their infants, they have encountered unexpected accidents due to differences in parenting culture and lifestyle. Nevertheless, Vietnamese immigrant mothers have made efforts to care for their infants safely and have shared parenting responsibility with their husbands. They also recognized the need for infant safety education based on community support. Therefore, in the future, infant safety education programs that consider cultural differences will be necessary.

Purpose: This study aims to analyze the essence of infant parenting experiences of Vietnamese immigrant mothers married to Koreans’. Methods: The study participants are mothers who came to Korea from Vietnam as marriage immigrants, and have an experience of parenting infants in less than one year or are currently parenting infants. Data collection was carried out by interviews, and Colaizzi’s phenomenological method was used for analysis. Results: Total 17 meaning units, 8 themes and 3 theme clusters were identified. The three theme clusters are as follows: 1) A strange land, journey to ‘mother’, 2) A moment of carelessness, an unexpected accident, 3) The first step to safe parenting. Conclusion Vietnamese immigrant mothers have experienced of a sudden transition to motherhood in Korea, and have raised their infants in a bicultural environment. While raising their infants, they have encountered unexpected accidents due to differences in parenting culture and lifestyle. Nevertheless, Vietnamese immigrant mothers have made efforts to care for their infants safely and have shared parenting responsibility with their husbands. They also recognized the need for infant safety education based on community support. Therefore, in the future, infant safety education programs that consider cultural differences will be necessary.

Purpose: This study aims to analyze the essence of infant parenting experiences of Vietnamese immigrant mothers married to Koreans’. Methods: The study participants are mothers who came to Korea from Vietnam as marriage immigrants, and have an experience of parenting infants in less than one year or are currently parenting infants. Data collection was carried out by interviews, and Colaizzi’s phenomenological method was used for analysis. Results: Total 17 meaning units, 8 themes and 3 theme clusters were identified. The three theme clusters are as follows: 1) A strange land, journey to ‘mother’, 2) A moment of carelessness, an unexpected accident, 3) The first step to safe parenting. Conclusion Vietnamese immigrant mothers have experienced of a sudden transition to motherhood in Korea, and have raised their infants in a bicultural environment. While raising their infants, they have encountered unexpected accidents due to differences in parenting culture and lifestyle. Nevertheless, Vietnamese immigrant mothers have made efforts to care for their infants safely and have shared parenting responsibility with their husbands. They also recognized the need for infant safety education based on community support. Therefore, in the future, infant safety education programs that consider cultural differences will be necessary.

Purpose: This study aims to analyze the essence of infant parenting experiences of Vietnamese immigrant mothers married to Koreans’. Methods: The study participants are mothers who came to Korea from Vietnam as marriage immigrants, and have an experience of parenting infants in less than one year or are currently parenting infants. Data collection was carried out by interviews, and Colaizzi’s phenomenological method was used for analysis. Results: Total 17 meaning units, 8 themes and 3 theme clusters were identified. The three theme clusters are as follows: 1) A strange land, journey to ‘mother’, 2) A moment of carelessness, an unexpected accident, 3) The first step to safe parenting. Conclusion Vietnamese immigrant mothers have experienced of a sudden transition to motherhood in Korea, and have raised their infants in a bicultural environment. While raising their infants, they have encountered unexpected accidents due to differences in parenting culture and lifestyle. Nevertheless, Vietnamese immigrant mothers have made efforts to care for their infants safely and have shared parenting responsibility with their husbands. They also recognized the need for infant safety education based on community support. Therefore, in the future, infant safety education programs that consider cultural differences will be necessary.

PURPOSE: To assess the role of MRI in the diagnosis of uterine anomaly. MATERIAL AND METHODS: MRI(n:15), hysterosalpingography(n:7) and ultrasonography(n:7) were performed in 15 patients with suspected MullerJan duct anomaly. Nine cases were proved by operation and six cases were diagnoed with imaging and clinical findings. According to Buttram and Gibbons modified classification, the anomalies were 4 cases of class I, 2 cases of class III, one case of class IV, and 8 cases of class V. RESULTS: MRI enabled accurate diagnoses of anomalies in all cases, but HSG and USG showed wrong diagnoses in 3 of 7 cases and in 1 of 7 cases. CONCLUSION: MRI, especially T2-weighted images parallel to long axis of uterine corpus, was very useful in diagnosis of the Mullerian duct anomaly, because it could depict exactly the external fundal contour, intercornual distance, septum, transverse vaginal septum, and associated abnormalities such as hematocolpos and hematometra.
Axis, Cervical Vertebra ; Classification ; Diagnosis ; Female ; Hematocolpos ; Hematometra ; Humans ; Hylobates ; Magnetic Resonance Imaging*

PURPOSE: This purpose of this study was to identify the level of safe-handling of cytotoxic drugs and use of PPE (Personal Protective Equipment) among nurses at a regional cancer center in South Korea. METHODS: This was a cross-sectional descriptive study. The participants were 131 nurses who care for cancer patients undergoing chemotherapy. Demographic information, safe-handling of cytotoxic drugs and use of PPE were collected using questionnaires from May 7 to 25, 2018. RESULTS: Response rate was 98.4%. The mean age of the nurses was 28.2±4.4 years and their clinical nursing experience was 4.34±3.93 years. The mean scores out of 5 for the participants' safe handling of cytotoxic drugs was 3.73± 0.43. In use of PPE, the mean score of wearing gloves, masks, and gowns were 3.89±.77, 3.06±1.04, and 2.34±0.98, respectively. The main reason for not wearing PPE was ‘too busy’ (62.8%). The level of safe-handling of cytotoxic drugs was not significantly different according to any variables, but the use of PPE was significantly different according to age (p=.021). CONCLUSION: The findings showed that nurses had exposure to cytotoxic drugs in the processes of preparation, administration, cleaning of spills, and handling of patient waste. Education programs and continuous monitoring are needed to improve the use of PPE among nurses and trigger the appropriate motivation for consistent personal protection.
Cancer Care Facilities ; Drug Therapy ; Education ; Humans ; Korea ; Masks ; Motivation ; Nursing ; Personal Protective Equipment*

BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES: To determine the level of knowledge of stroke and heart attack (HA) symptoms and risk factors of cardiovascular disease (CVD) in rural elderly people who are at risk for CVD. SUBJECTS AND METHODS: A total of 444 adults over the age of 60 living in a rural province of Korea with at least one CVD risk factor participated in this survey. RESULTS: A total of 72.5% of the participants had hypertension and 28.4% had diabetes, whereas approximately 40% exhibited over two CVD risk factors. The mean knowledge scores for HA symptoms (4.3/9) were lower than scores for stroke symptoms (5.8/9), and the mean knowledge score for risk factors was 7.3/11. Stepwise multiple regression analyses showed that old age, low level of education, and low income level were the determining factors for low knowledge levels of stroke and HA symptoms as well as CVD risk factors. A low perceived risk of stroke or HAs also predicted a low knowledge of CVD risk factors. CONCLUSION: Community-wide public campaigns are needed, which are designed to help elderly people in rural areas with low education levels and socioeconomic status at risk for CVD to improve the awareness of stroke and HA.
Adult ; Aged ; Cardiovascular Diseases ; Heart ; Humans ; Hypertension ; Korea ; Risk Factors ; Social Class ; Stroke ; Surveys and Questionnaires