This study was conducted to investigate osteopenia and osteoporosis prevalence of radius and tibia using Quantitative Ultrasound (QUS) and to identify affecting factors of osteoporosis. A total of 4,340 women aged 40 - 69 years, living in Ansung (rural) and Ansan (mid-sized) area, and free of illnesses affecting bone metabolism participated in the community-based cohort study. Among them 4,059 subjects measured radius bone density and 4,089 measured tibia. The T-score threshold, defined as < -1.0 and < or = -2.5, was used to identify subjects with osteopenia and osteoporosis by WHO criteria. The crude prevalence of osteoporosis in radius and tibia was 8.4% and 23.3% respectively; after adjustment for age, it changed 6.3% and 18.8%. In simple logistic regression analysis, the prevalence of osteoporosis increased by aging, non-marital status, low education, low income. Otherwise, high intakes of Ca/P, thiamin, riboflavin, vitamin B6, and vitamin E were decreased osteoporosis prevalence. Compared to the normal BMI (body mass index) group (18.5 < or = BMI < 23), the odds ratio (ORs) of the low BMI group (BMI < 18.5), and high BMI groups (BMI 25 - 30, BMI > or = 30) were significantly increased. The OR of osteoporosis decreased across increasing quartiles of intakes of Ca, P and Ca/P. Therefore, maintaining normal BMI and increasing Ca intake and Ca/P ratio may have a beneficial effect on bone health of Korean women.
Aging ; Bone Density ; Bone Diseases, Metabolic ; Cohort Studies* ; Education ; Female ; Genome* ; Gyeonggi-do ; Humans ; Logistic Models ; Metabolism ; Odds Ratio ; Osteoporosis* ; Prevalence* ; Radius* ; Riboflavin ; Tibia* ; Ultrasonography* ; Vitamin B 6 ; Vitamin E ; Vitamins

Pseudoaneurysm of the abdominal wall is a possible but very rare clinical entity. It is a known complication of surgery, trauma, or arterial puncture, but it is rarely spontaneous. Even though it can usually present with a wide range of local symptoms, it can cause referred pain via spinal cord, which is cross-excited with afferent sympathetic nervous system. We report a case of right arm pain which was referred from a small abdominal pseudoaneurysm like a referred pain from gall bladder. This rare entity should be considered in the differential for pain management in case that the pain does not resolve with medication or interventional pain management.
Abdominal Wall ; Aneurysm, False ; Arm ; Pain Management ; Pain, Referred ; Punctures ; Spinal Cord ; Sympathetic Nervous System ; Urinary Bladder

BACKGROUND: Fatigue is one of the common chief complaints in primary care setting. It causes disability in daily activity and lowers quality of life. This study was intended to investigate the information about fatigue useful in outpatient clinic. METHODS: The data was obtained from the Korean Health and Nutrition Survey 2001. Logistic regression analysis was performed to examine the association between self- reported fatigue and several factors including sociodemographic factors, life style factors, stress, depression, and worry about health. RESULTS: The prevalence of fatigue was low in unmarried status, more significantly in men when compared with those in married status. No significant association was found between fatigue and occupation, education level, monthly income, smoking, and alcohol consumption. The risk of fatigue in the exercising group more than 4 times per week was significantly low in women. The risk of fatigue in the group of sleeping duration less than 5 hours was significantly higher than the group of sleeping more than 9 hours. Compared with unemployed state, the daily working duration of more than 9 hours increased the risk for fatigue significantly. Stress perception, sadness or depression during the past 1 year and worry about health were strongly associated with fatigue. CONCLUSION: When evaluating and managing patients with fatigue, we should search for information about the patients' lifestyle such as exercise, daily work hours, sleeping as well as stress perception and depressive mood. Especially among the lifestyle, inquiring about regular exercise and promoting it may be important in order to manage patients with fatigue.
Alcohol Drinking ; Ambulatory Care Facilities ; Depression ; Education ; Fatigue* ; Female ; Humans ; Life Style ; Logistic Models ; Male ; Nutrition Surveys* ; Occupations ; Prevalence ; Primary Health Care ; Quality of Life ; Single Person ; Smoke ; Smoking

Objective: To investigate the association between prehospital intravenous (IV) catheter insertion, scene time interval (STI), and fatality in severe trauma patients with hypotension. Methods: This study used a 2018 nationwide emergency medical services (EMS)-based trauma database. Adult severe trauma patients whose injury severity score was above or equal to 16 and whose initial systolic blood pressure was under 90 mmHg were included. Patients were divided into four groups based on whether a prehospital IV catheter was inserted and STI was within 10 minutes-group 1, IV catheter (+) and STI <10 minutes; group 2, IV catheter (+) and STI ≥10 minutes; group 3, IV catheter (-) and STI <10 minutes; and group 4, IV catheter (-) and STI ≥10 minutes. W-score (additional survivor expected for every 100 patients) was used as the outcome index. Results: Among the 30,034 EMS-treated severe trauma patients, 550 patients were analyzed. Group 1 comprised 289 patients (53%), group 2, 159 (29%), group 3, 65 (12%), and group 4, 37 (6.7%). The case fatality rate was 104 (36%) in group 1, 38 (25%) in group 2, 23 (35%) in group 3, and 11 (30%) in group 4. The W-score (95% confidence interval) was 2.42 (2.38 to 2.99) in group 1, 1.89 (1.83 to 2.90) in group 2, -4.62 (-4.70 to -2.94) in group 3, and -5.41 (-5.52 to -3.03) in group 4. Conclusion Prehospital IV catheter insertion in severe trauma patients with hypotension is beneficial for survival, and the positive effect was prominent when STI was short.

No abstract available.
Leukemia, Myeloid, Acute*

High signal intensity on diffusion-weighted image (DWI) at the site of venous occlusion has previously been reported in cerebral venous thrombosis (CVT). The frequency and diagnostic value of these signal changes in CVT were unknown. Some authors suggest that the presence of high signal intensity on DWI in occluded veins might help diagnose CVT and suggest low rate of recanalization. We experienced two cases of CVT with high signal intensity at the site of intravascular clot on DWI.
Diffusion* ; Veins ; Venous Thrombosis*

Purpose: Childhood obesity frequently persists into adulthood and is associated with insulin resistance (IR) and increased long-term morbidity and mortality. We compared IR criteria concerning 'age-specific cutoff point' (ACOP) and ‘fixed cutoff point’ (FCOP) for the identification of IR and investigated their correlation with metabolic syndrome (MS). Methods: Data were acquired from the 5th Korea National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (2010–2011). Participants ranged from 10 to 17 years of age and underwent fasting plasma glucose, insulin concentration, and lipid panel measurements. High fasting plasma insulin levels or increased homeostatic model assessment insulin resistance (HOMA-IR) were defined as IR. We analyzed MS and IR frequencies according to FCOP or ACOP. Results: Among 719 participants, 165 (22.9%) were overweight or obese based on their body mass index. We found no prevalence of MS in underweightormal weight participants and 12.7% prevalence rate in overweight or obese participants. IR according to ACOP was more closely associated with MS than IR according to FCOP. No differences were found in predicting the frequency of MS using FCOP or ACOP in both fasting plasma insulin and HOMA-IR. Conclusion The frequency of MS in participants with IR defined using ACOP and FCOP was similar. However, IR using ACOP was more closely associated with MS than IR using FCOP.

PURPOSE: Although vitamin D deficiency is more commonly found in cancer patient than in non-cancer patients, there have been little data regarding the prevalence of vitamin D deficiency in cancer patients at the very end of life. We examined vitamin D deficiency in terminally ill cancer patients and related factors. METHODS: This study was based on a retrospective chart review of 133 patients in a hospice ward. We collected data regarding age, sex, serum 25-hydroxyvitamin D level, cancer type, physical performance, current medications and various laboratory findings. We investigated factors related to serum vitamin D levels after multivariate adjustment for potential confounders. Serum 25-hydroxyvitamin D<20 ng/mL was considered deficient and <10 ng/mL severely deficient. RESULTS: Ninety-five percent of the patients were serum vitamin D deficient. Severe vitamin D deficiency was more common in male patients, non-lung cancer patients, H2 blocker users and non-anticonvulsant users. Elevated levels of serum alanine aminotransferase (ALT) were also associated with low serum vitamin D levels. Multiple regression analysis showed that severe vitamin D deficiency was associated with male gender (aOR 3.82, 95% CI: 1.50~9.72, P=0.005), H2 blocker users (aOR 3.94, 95% CI: 1.61~9.65, P=0.003) and elevated serum ALT levels (aOR 4.52, 95% CI: 1.35~15.19, P=0.015). CONCLUSION: Vitamin D deficiency was highly prevalent among terminally ill cancer patients. Severe vitamin D deficiency was more common in male patients, H2 blocker users, and patients with elevated ALT levels.
Alanine Transaminase ; Hospices* ; Humans ; Male ; Prevalence ; Retrospective Studies ; Terminally Ill ; Vitamin D ; Vitamin D Deficiency*

BACKGROUND: Although the Fagerstrom Tolerance Questionnaire (FTQ) and the Fagerstrom Test for Nicotine Dependence (FTND), which are the tools to measure Nicotine Dependence, have a high internal reliability and a high test-retest reliability, they have not been tested domestically. A Korean-Version Questionnaire for Nicotine Dependence was assessed to find out the internal reliability, test-retest reliability and validity. METHODS: The research subjects were adult smokers of ages between 19 and 77 among hospital visitors, hospital staffs, inpatients and outpatients. The smokers had their carbon monoxide measured after responding to the questionnaire. The questionnaire consisted of Nicotine Dependence (FTQ & FTND), the history of smoking, the variables related to Nicotine Dependence, and factors that influence carbon monoxide(CO) measurement. Micro II smokerlyzer (Bedfont Instruments Ltd, England) was used to analyze CO concentration in expired air. The method used for measuring CO concentration was to deeply inhale and hold one's breath for 15 seconds and measure CO concentration while exhaling. RESULTS: The total number of subjects was 205 (199 males, 6 females) consisting of 124 hospital visitors, 67 hospital staff, 8 inpatients, and 6 inpatients. The average FTQ was 4.68 and the average FTND was 3.95. Cronbach's alpha, which indicates the internal reliability, was 0.6679 for FTQ and 0.6913 for FTND. The correlation coefficient which indicates test-retest reliability was 0.783 for FTQ and 0.880 for FTND. The correlation coefficient which indicates the relationship between the level of Nicotine Dependence and expired air CO concentration was 0.484 for FTQ and 0.563 for FTND. The correlation coefficient of the smoking period was 0.247 for FTQ and 0.252 for FTND. CONCLUSION: This Korean-Version Questionnaires for Nicotine Dependence (FTQ & FTND) were both satisfactory from the aspects of reliability and validity. It was concluded that the Korean-Version of FTND was a reliable method to reflect the level of nicotine dependence of smokers from the fact that the reliability and validity of FTND was higher than that of FTQ.
Adult ; Carbon ; Carbon Monoxide ; Exhalation ; Humans ; Inpatients ; Male ; Nicotine* ; Outpatients ; Reproducibility of Results* ; Research Subjects ; Smoke ; Smoking ; Tobacco Use Disorder* ; Surveys and Questionnaires

In order to know the effect of pre-existing Trichinella spiralis infection on experimentally induced intestinal inflammation and immune responses, we induced colitis in T. spiralis-infected mice and observed the severity of colitis and the levels of Th1, Th2, and regulatory cytokines and recruitment of CD4+CD25+Foxp3+ T (regulatory T; Treg) cells. Female C57BL/6 mice were infected with 250 muscle larvae; after 4 weeks, induction of experimental colitis was performed using 3% dextran sulfate sodium (DSS). During the induction period, we observed severity of colitis, including weight loss and status of stool, and evaluated the disease activity index (DAI). A significantly low DAI and degree of weight loss were observed in infected mice, compared with uninfected mice. In addition, colon length in infected mice was not contracted, compared with uninfected mice. We also observed a significant increase in production of pro-inflammatory cytokines, IL-6 and IFN-gamma, in spleen lymphocytes treated with DSS; however, such an increase was not observed in infected mice treated with DSS. Of particular interest, production of regulatory cytokines, IL-10 and transforming growth factor (TGF)-beta, in spleen lymphocytes showed a significant increase in mice infected with T. spiralis. A similar result was observed in mesenteric lymph nodes (MLN). Subsets of the population of Treg cells in MLN and spleen showed significant increases in mice infected with T. spiralis. In conclusion, T. spiralis infection can inhibit the DSS-induced colitis in mice by enhancing the regulatory cytokine and Treg cells recruitment.
Animals ; Colitis/chemically induced/*immunology/pathology ; Cytokines/genetics/*immunology/metabolism ; Dextran Sulfate/adverse effects ; Disease Models, Animal ; Female ; Forkhead Transcription Factors/immunology/metabolism ; *Gene Expression Regulation ; Larva ; Mice ; Mice, Inbred C57BL ; Spleen/immunology ; T-Lymphocytes, Regulatory/*immunology ; Trichinella spiralis/*immunology ; Trichinellosis/*immunology/parasitology