No abstract available.
Breast Neoplasms* ; Breast*

PURPOSE: To evaluate the differential features of complete and partial- thickness tears of the posterior cruciate ligament(PCL) and to describe associated knee injuries at magnetic resonance imaging(MRI). MATERIALS AND METHODS: Twenty-four subjects were studied, including 15 with complete PCL tears and 9 with partial PCL tears. The PCL status was determined at arthroscopy in all cases. Knee MRI were perfomed at 1.0 Tesla using a dedicated knee surface coil. Two radiologists retrospectively reviewed MR images and correlated MRI findings to results of arthroscopy. RESULTS: There was no statistically significant difference between complete tears and partial tears with regard to thickness, margination, and signal intensity of the PCL. However, complete tears were more likely to show focal areas of ligamentous discontinuity(13/15:3/9, p=0.0073). Associated knee injuries were seen in 22 (92%) patients and were seen more frequently in patients with complete PCL tears, which were bony injuries (n=16, 67%), tears of the medial collateral ligament(n=12, 50%) and menisci(n--11, 46%), and stage III joint effusion(n=17, 71%). CONCLUSION: The most useful MRI criteria for distinguishing complete from partial PCL tear is focal area of ligamentous discontinuity, that is, complete tears are more likely to show focal areas of discontinuity, whereas partial tears are more likely to show at least some intact fibers.
Arthroscopy ; Humans ; Joints ; Knee ; Knee Injuries ; Ligaments ; Magnetic Resonance Imaging* ; Posterior Cruciate Ligament* ; Retrospective Studies

BACKGROUND: To report the radiological and clinical outcomes of internal fixation using distal clavicle hook plates for distal clavicle fractures. METHODS: From April 2008 to December 2012, 32 patients with distal clavicle fractures underwent surgery using an AO hook plate. The reduction was qualified and evaluated according to the radiological findings. The evaluation of the clinical outcomes was performed with the University of California at Los Angeles (UCLA) score, the Korean Shoulder score, and the visual analogue scale (VAS) pain score. RESULTS: By radiological evaluation, we found that 31 of 32 patients showed anatomical reduction and solid bone union. Although we obtained satisfactory UCLA scores, Korean Shoulder Scale scores, and VAS pain scores, 12 cases of complications were present. We found 4 cases of osteolysis of the acromion, 1 case of nonunion, 3 cases of periprosthetic fractures, 3 cases of subacromial pain, and 1 case of skin irritation. We performed re-operations in 2 patients. CONCLUSIONS: To avoid complications associated with clavicle hook plates, choosing the appropriate hook size and bending of the hook according to the slope of the acromion undersurface is critical. Also, we believe that early removal of clavicle plates may help reduce complications.
Acromion ; California ; Clavicle* ; Humans ; Osteolysis ; Periprosthetic Fractures ; Shoulder ; Skin

No abstract available.
Biliary Tract*

No abstract available.
Pelvic Exenteration*

Immunohistochemial staining was performed in metastatic skin cancer using a variety of antistera. Both carcinoembrytonic antigen(CEA) and epithelial membrane antigen(EMA) were demonstrated in large cell carcinoma of the lung, adenocarcinoma of the stomach and skin adnexal cancer with eccrine differentiation. Although papillary carcinoma of the thyroid, squamous cell carcinoma of the skin and squamous cell carcinoma of the lung showed positive staining for CEA and EMA, these were weak or focal reactions in the keratinizing area. In rectal adenocarcinoma, staining for CEA was significantly positive, but staining for EMA was negative. Epiderrnal cytokeratin was observed in squamous cell carcinoma of the lung, squamous cell carcinoma of the skin and skin adnexal cancer with eccrine differentiation. Epidermal cytokeratin was also demonstrated in well differentiated adenocarcinoma of the gastrointestinal tract. By using a variety of tumor markers, the authors tried to locate possible primary sites in six metastatic skin cancers of unknown origin.
Adenocarcinoma ; Carcinoma, Large Cell ; Carcinoma, Papillary ; Carcinoma, Squamous Cell ; Gastrointestinal Tract ; Keratins ; Lung ; Membranes ; Skin Neoplasms* ; Skin* ; Stomach ; Thyroid Gland ; Biomarkers, Tumor

No abstract available.
Pelvic Exenteration*

No abstract available.
Pelvic Exenteration*

We present a case of perforating granuloma annulare which appeared as multiple small papular lesions with central umbilication on the dorsum of both foot and sides of foot, The patient was a 12 year-old female child who had slightly tender lesions of one month's duration. Histologic study showed perforation of the epiderrnis and release of the abnormal necrobiotic material transepiderrnally. The epidermal perforation communicated with area of granuloma annulare in the dermis that consist of necrobiotic collagen surrounded by palisading mononucler phagocytes in the dermis. All the lesions resolved spontaneously with a slight hyperpigmentation in 4 months. She also had erythematous tender nodules, which diagnosed as erythema nodosum, on both shins. The lesions responded to potassium iodide 1.0g for 2 weeks.
Child ; Collagen ; Dermis ; Erythema Nodosum ; Female ; Foot ; Granuloma Annulare* ; Granuloma* ; Humans ; Hyperpigmentation ; Phagocytes ; Potassium Iodide

No abstract available.
Constriction, Pathologic*