Objectives: This study aims to evaluate the risk assessments of coronavirus 2019 (COVID-19) in the KoreaCenters for Disease Control and Prevention (KCDC), from the point of detection to the provision of basicinformation to the relevant public health authorities. Methods: To estimate the overall risk of specific public health events, probability, and impact at thecountry-level were evaluated using available information. To determine the probability of particularpublic health events, the risk of importation and risk of transmission were taken into consideration.KCDC used 5 levels (“very low,” “low,” “moderate,” “high,” and “very high”) for each category and overallrisk was eventually decided. Results: A total of 8 risk assessments were performed on 8 separate occasions between January 8th toFebruary 28th, 2020, depending on the detection and report of COVID-19 cases in other countries. Theoverall risk of the situation in each assessment increased in severity over this period: “low” (first),“moderate” (second), “high” (third), “high” (fourth), “high” (fifth), “high” (sixth), “high” (seventh), and“very high” (eighth). Conclusion The KCDC’s 8 risk assessments were utilized to activate national emergency responsemechanisms and eventually prepare for the pandemic to ensure the containment and mitigation ofCOVID-19 with non-pharmaceutical public health measures.

No abstract available.
Cleft Lip* ; Prenatal Diagnosis* ; Ultrasonography*

Leaf spot on lemon balm is frequently observed in Korea, causing considerable damage to crops. In 2014 and 2015, the occurrence of leaf spot was observed in several production greenhouses at Suwon, Gongju, and Namwon in Korea. Symptoms on lower leaves initially developed as small, distinct, discolored lesions, which enlarged progressively turning into dark brown, angular spots surrounded by purplish-brown margins. Based on the morphological characteristics and sequence analysis of actin (ACT), translation elongation factor 1-alpha (EF-1α), internal transcribed spacer (ITS), 28S nrDNA (LSU), and RNA polymerase II second largest subunit (RPB2), the fungus associated with the lemon balm leaf spot was determined as Septoria melissae. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first report of lemon balm leaf spot caused by S. melissae in Asia as well as in Korea.

Leaf spot on lemon balm is frequently observed in Korea, causing considerable damage to crops. In 2014 and 2015, the occurrence of leaf spot was observed in several production greenhouses at Suwon, Gongju, and Namwon in Korea. Symptoms on lower leaves initially developed as small, distinct, discolored lesions, which enlarged progressively turning into dark brown, angular spots surrounded by purplish-brown margins. Based on the morphological characteristics and sequence analysis of actin (ACT), translation elongation factor 1-alpha (EF-1α), internal transcribed spacer (ITS), 28S nrDNA (LSU), and RNA polymerase II second largest subunit (RPB2), the fungus associated with the lemon balm leaf spot was determined as Septoria melissae. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first report of lemon balm leaf spot caused by S. melissae in Asia as well as in Korea.

OBJECTIVES: This study aimed to determine an effective survey method for the accurate calculation of obesity prevalence by comparing the self-reported and measured height, weight, and body mass index (BMI) using the 2018 Korea Community Healthy Survey (CHS) data. METHODS: Raw data from the 2018 CHS were used to analyze the differences, correlation, and agreement between self-reported and measured height, weight, and BMI. RESULTS: The self-reported height was over-reported than the measured height (0.59 cm greater for men and 0.71 cm greater for women), while the self-reported weight was under-reported than the measured weight (0.55 kg less for men and 0.67 kg less for women). Subsequently, the self-reported BMI was under-estimated (0.35 kg/m2 lower for men and 0.49 kg/m2 lower for women) compared with the measured BMI. The kappa statistic and agreement between measured and self-reported values per BMI category (underweight, normal, overweight, and obesity) were 0.82 and 79.6%, respectively. CONCLUSIONS The prevalence of obesity should be calculated using the measured values provided in the CHS in order to promote local health projects based on accurate evidence.