Recently, various implant cylinders were supplied, especially received gold cylinders, cast cylinders produced from premade gold and plastic cylinders and plastic cylinders. This study measured and compared precise fit produced when using conventional gold and plastic cylinders. The comparative fit of lapped and non-lapped castings made from plastic pattern was examined. The implant/abutment interface fit was evaluated by scanning electron microscopy(SEM) for each of four cylinders. The following results were obtained: 1. The case of plastic cylinder showed 9.67+/-1.50micrometer gap Steri-Oss fixture was connected. 2. The case oflapped casting made from plastic cylinder showed 3.01+/-2.81micrometer gap when Steri-Oss fixture was connected. 3. The case of gold/plastic cylinder showed 9.80+/-1.68micrometer gap when Steri-Oss fixture was connected. 4. The case of gold cylinder showed 5.47+/-2.43micrometer gap when Steri-Oss fixture was connected. 5. In case of each cylinder which was connected with Steri-Oss fixture, the size of gap was showed less in the order of the case of gold/plastic cylinder, the case of plastic cylinder, the case of gold cylinder and the case of lapped casting made from plastic cylinder. As results of this study, the use of premade gold cylinder offers an advantage over plastic patterns in precise fit. When plastic patterns are used, polishing of implant cylinder components should provide precise fit.
Plastics* ; Prostheses and Implants*

Purpose: The purpose of this study is to identify the educational needs of a severe trauma treatment simulation program based on mixed reality which combines element of both virtual reality and augmented reality. Methods: Focus group interviews were conducted with ten military hospital nurses on February 4 and 5, 2021. The collected data were analyzed using a qualitative content analysis. As a framework for data analysis, the educational needs were clustered into the following four categories: teaching contents, teaching methods, teaching evaluation, and teaching environment. Results: The educational needs for each category that emerged were as follows: three subcategories including “realistic education reflecting actual clinical practice” and “motivating education” for teaching contents; five subcategories including “team-based education,” “repeated education that acts as embodied learning,” and “stepwise education” for teaching methods; six subcategories including “debriefing through video conferences,” “team evaluation and evaluator in charge of the team,” “combination of knowledge and practice evaluation” for teaching evaluation; six subcategories including “securing safety,” “similar settings to real clinical environments,” “securing of convenience and accessibility for learners,” and “operating as continuing education” for teaching environment. Conclusion The findings of this study can provide a guide for the development and operation of a severe trauma treatment simulation program based on mixed reality. Moreover, it suggests that research to identify the educational needs of various learners should be conducted.

Anaphylactic deaths are frequently observed at autopsies. Since death associated with medical practice has become social concern, the identification of anaphylactic shock is an important part of forensic medicine. However, autopsy findings of anaphylactic shock are usually non-specific; therefore, the diagnosis of anaphylactic shock must be inferred from collecting data on the past history of the deceased, circumstances of death, and negative autopsy findings. The analysis of serum mast cell tryptase level is a well-known, useful ancillary test for the diagnosis of anaphylactic shock, but is not widely used in daily practice in Korea. We recently encountered 2 autopsy cases of anaphylactic shock and confirmed that analysis of serum mast cell tryptase level was useful for the diagnosis of anaphylactic shock. In this report, we present these 2 autopsy cases of anaphylactic shock, with literature review of the usefulness and limitations of serum mast cell tryptase analysis.
Anaphylaxis ; Autopsy ; Forensic Medicine ; Korea ; Mast Cells ; Tryptases

Sulfuric acid can cause local or systemic effects after exposure by inhalation, ingestion, or topical application. Direct ingestion is the main exposure route for fatal sulfuric acid injury. Fatal accidents involving the inhalation of toxic sulfuric acid vapors are rare. Inhalation of sulfuric acid fumes causes severe irritation or corrosive damage to the upper respiratory tract. Consequently, severe congestion, edema, and inflammation of the mucous membranes of the upper respiratory passages hinder the entry of air into the lungs, possibly leading to fatalities in victims. A 35-year-old man died at his home after complaining of a severe sore throat. One day earlier, he had worked in a sulfuric acid tank in a copper-smelting plant while wearing an ordinary gas mask that offered no protection against sulfurous acid vapors. Upon autopsy, the larynx and epiglottis showed pronounced edema, congestion, and inflammation that histologically mimicked an acute bacterial suppurative inflammation, accompanied by severe pulmonary edema. A field analysis of the air inside the sulfuric acid tank revealed SO4(2-) positivity and a 40% sulfuric acid concentration.
Adult ; Autopsy ; Eating ; Edema ; Epiglottis ; Estrogens, Conjugated (USP) ; Humans ; Inflammation ; Inhalation* ; Larynx ; Lung ; Mucous Membrane ; Pharyngitis ; Plants ; Pulmonary Edema ; Respiratory Protective Devices ; Respiratory System ; Sulfur* ; Sulfuric Acids

No abstract available.
Cervix Uteri* ; Female ; Hysterectomy*

No abstract available.
Hallux Valgus* ; Hallux*

Medicolegal autopsies are a vital tool for obtaining reliable injury mortality data. This study statistically analyzed the data obtained from medicolegal autopsies performed in Korea in 2014. A total of 5,324 deaths were analyzed by sex, age, manner of death, and cause of death. With respect to the manner of death, 56.3% were recorded as unnatural deaths, 38.4% were natural deaths, and 5.3% had unknown causes. Of the 2,998 unnatural deaths, 41.0% were determined to be accidental deaths; 28.1%, suicidal; 16.1%, homicidal; and 14.8%, undetermined. Of the total number of unnatural deaths, 38.8% were trauma-related, wherein falls accounted for 32.7%. Asphyxiation accounted for 16.3% of unnatural deaths; of these, the predominant cause was hanging (59.4%). In addition, 15.0% of the unnatural deaths were due to drowning; 14.8%, poisoning; 11.3%, thermal injuries; 2.5%, complications arising from medical procedures; and 0.4%, electrocution, starvation, or neglect. Among the 2,042 natural deaths, heart diseases accounted for 49.0% and vascular diseases accounted for 17.3%. Of the 170 deaths among children under the age of 10, 38.8% were recorded as unnatural deaths, 54.1% were natural deaths, and 7.1% had unknown causes.
Autopsy* ; Cause of Death ; Child ; Data Interpretation, Statistical ; Drowning ; Heart Diseases ; Humans ; Korea* ; Mortality ; Poisoning ; Starvation ; Vascular Diseases

When clinicians faced with an insufficient volume of supporting bone on ideally esthetic and biomechanical position for dental implantation, guided bone regeneration(GBR) was indicated. Although GBR has wide application at clinic, proper time of membrane removal remains qustionable in using non-resorbable membrane, such as non-expanded polytetrafluoroethylene(PTFE). The aim of this study was to compare the effect of maintenance period of PTFE membrane on bone regeneration in rabbit calvarial defects. Eight adult New Zealand white female rabbits were used in this study. Four defects were surgically made in their calvaria. Using a trephine bur, 4 'through and through' defects were created and classified into 3 groups, which were consisted of control group(no graft), experimental group 1(autogenous bone)and experimental group 2(deproteinized bovine bone; OCS-B(R)). The defects were covered with PTFE membrane(Cytoplast(R)). Membranes were removed after 1, 2, 4 and 8 weeks post-GBR procedure in 2 rabbits repectively. All rabbits were sacrificed after 8 week post-GBR procedure. Specimens were harvested and observed histologically. The results were as follow; 1) The use of graft material and membrane was necessary in GBR procedure. 2) When PTFE membranes were removed early, the most favorable bone regeneration was revealed in experimental group I, followed by experimental group II and control group. 3) On GBR, it is recommended that membrane should maintain for 4 weeks with autogenous graft. As well, the use of xenograft need longer maintenance period than autogenous bone. Further evaluations will be needed, such as histomorphologic research, more species and different kinds of graft materials. And on the basis of these studies, clinical researches would be required.
Adult ; Bone Regeneration* ; Dental Implantation ; Dental Implants ; Female ; Heterografts ; Humans ; Membranes* ; New Zealand ; Polytetrafluoroethylene ; Rabbits ; Skull ; Transplants

An unusual case of homicide of a 21-year-old man who was smothered with a hot steam towel by his mother and a pastoress in the name of exorcism. Homicidal smothering in adults is rare, but does occur when the victims are not capable of defending themselves in situations such as chronic illness, old age, drug intoxication or when restrained by other people. In this case, distinct facial scalding was a clue to smothering with a hot steam towel.
Adult ; Chronic Disease ; Homicide ; Humans ; Mothers ; Steam

Medicolegal autopsy is a vital tool for obtaining reliable injury mortality data. This study statistically analyzed data obtained from medicolegal autopsies performed in Korea in 2013. The aim of this study was to analyze various aspects of the 4,861 deaths that were categorized as unusual in Korea in 2013. A total of 4,861 deaths were analyzed by gender, age, manner of death, and cause of death. Of the 4,861 deaths, 3,542 (73.3%) were of men and 1,302 (26.7%) were of women. With respect to the manner of death, 54.4% were recorded as unnatural deaths, 38.8% were natural deaths, and 6.9% had unknown causes. Of the 2,642 unnatural deaths, 45.0% were determined to be accidental deaths, 26.3% suicidal, 16.9% homicidal, and 11.8% undetermined. Of the total number of unnatural deaths, 42.1% were trauma-related deaths, for which falling down accounted for 33.8%. Asphyxiation accounted for 16.0% of unnatural deaths, and of these, the predominant cause was hanging (58.8%). In addition, 14.4% of deaths were due to drowning, 12.9% poisoning, 11.0% thermal injuries, 1.8% complications arising from medical procedures, and 0.8% electrocution, starvation, or neglect. Among the 1,886 natural deaths, heart diseases accounted for 52.0% and vascular diseases accounted for 16.9%. Of the 196 deaths among children under the age of 10 years, 41.8% were recorded as unnatural deaths, 45.1% were natural deaths, and 1.5% had unknown causes.
Autopsy* ; Cause of Death ; Child ; Data Interpretation, Statistical ; Drowning ; Female ; Heart Diseases ; Humans ; Korea ; Male ; Mortality ; Poisoning ; Starvation ; Vascular Diseases