OBJECTIVES: This study aimed to investigate the differences in the facial emotion recognition and discrimination ability between children with attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) and autism spectrum disorder (ASD). METHODS: Fifty-three children aged 7 to 11 years participated in this study. Among them, 43 were diagnosed with ADHD and 10 with ASD. The parents of the participants completed the Korean version of the Child Behavior Checklist, ADHD Rating Scale and Conner's scale. The participants completed the Korean Wechsler Intelligence Scale for Children-fourth edition and Advanced Test of Attention (ATA), Penn Emotion Recognition Task and Penn Emotion Discrimination Task. The group differences in the facial emotion recognition and discrimination ability were analyzed by using analysis of covariance for the purpose of controlling the visual omission error index of ATA. RESULTS: The children with ADHD showed better recognition of happy and sad faces and less false positive neutral responses than those with ASD. Also, the children with ADHD recognized emotions better than those with ASD on female faces and in extreme facial expressions, but not on male faces or in mild facial expressions. We found no differences in the facial emotion discrimination between the children with ADHD and ASD. CONCLUSION: Our results suggest that children with ADHD recognize facial emotions better than children with ASD, but they still have deficits. Interventions which consider their different emotion recognition and discrimination abilities are needed.
Autism Spectrum Disorder ; Autistic Disorder* ; Checklist ; Child Behavior ; Child* ; Discrimination (Psychology)* ; Facial Expression ; Female ; Humans ; Intelligence ; Male ; Parents

OBJECTIVES: This study investigated the effect of social skills training (SST) on facial emotion recognition and discrimination in children with attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) and autism spectrum disorder (ASD). METHODS: Twenty-three children aged 7 to 10 years participated in our SST. They included 15 children diagnosed with ADHD and 8 with ASD. The participants' parents completed the Korean version of the Child Behavior Checklist (K-CBCL), the ADHD Rating Scale, and Conner's Scale at baseline and post-treatment. The participants completed the Korean Wechsler Intelligence Scale for Children-IV (K-WISC-IV) and the Advanced Test of Attention at baseline and the Penn Emotion Recognition and Discrimination Task at baseline and post-treatment. RESULTS: No significant changes in facial emotion recognition and discrimination occurred in either group before and after SST. However, when controlling for the processing speed of K-WISC and the social subscale of K-CBCL, the ADHD group showed more improvement in total (p=0.049), female (p=0.039), sad (p=0.002), mild (p=0.015), female extreme (p=0.005), male mild (p=0.038), and Caucasian (p=0.004) facial expressions than did the ASD group. CONCLUSION: SST improved facial expression recognition for children with ADHD more effectively than it did for children with ASD, in whom additional training to help emotion recognition and discrimination is needed.
Autism Spectrum Disorder* ; Autistic Disorder* ; Checklist ; Child Behavior ; Child* ; Discrimination (Psychology) ; Facial Expression ; Facial Recognition ; Female ; Humans ; Intelligence ; Male ; Parents ; Social Skills*

PURPOSE: Recently, we have noticed an increase in the number of patients with mumps in Incheon, Korea. The aim of this study is to estimate the regional trend in mumps incidence and to evaluate the factors related to the recent increase. METHODS: We reviewed the medical records of 66 patients with mumps who had been admitted to Incheon St. Mary's Hospital from July 1999 to June 2009. We compared the differences in records between "outbreak, 2009" and "nonoutbreak, 2000-2008." RESULTS: Of the 66 patients, 35 (53%) were admitted in 2009, and 31 (47%) were admitted between 2000 and 2008. Most of the patients admitted during the outbreak were over 15 years of age (80.0%), were born before 1993 (77.1%), and had received a single dose of mumps vaccine (62.9%). There were no significant differences in contact history, present address, clinical manifestations, and complications, except for orchitis, between the two groups. CONCLUSION: There was a sharp increase in the number of inpatients with mumps who were born before 1993 and who were over 15 years of age. We recommend that a booster vaccination be considered for adolescents and young adults born before 1993 who are susceptible to mumps infection due to their reduced opportunities for receiving two doses of mumps vaccine.
Adolescent ; Humans ; Incidence ; Inpatients ; Korea ; Male ; Medical Records ; Mumps ; Mumps Vaccine ; Orchitis ; Vaccination ; Young Adult

A 47-year old man visited our hospital because of purulent sputum for 3 months. Chest X-ray showed destruction of both the upper lungs, and bronchoscopy revealed inflammatory change with whitish plaque on the left main bronchus through upper division of the left upper lobe. Tracheobronchial aspergillosis (TBA) was finally diagnosed as a result of histologic and microbiologic examination. However, he went abroad without medication before the diagnosis was made and visited again 10 months later. Follow-up bronchoscopy showed complete regression of the previously noted endobronchial lesion. We describe this case to consider the role of antifungal treatment in immunocompetent hosts, as well as to discuss a rare condition; TBA resolved spontaneously.
Aspergillosis ; Bronchi ; Bronchial Diseases ; Bronchoscopy ; Follow-Up Studies ; Immunocompetence ; Lung ; Sputum ; Thorax

Infectious sacroiliitis is an uncommon disease and the diagnosis is very difficult due to unawareness of the disease. The predisposing conditions to the disease are pelvic trauma, respiratory or genitourinary infection, skin infection, pregnancy, endocarditis, intravenous drug abuser and recent dental manipulation. The clinical characteristics of the disease are fever, leukocytosis, pain and tenderness of buttock, gait disturbance and positive result of blood culture and imaging study of sacroiliac joint. To our knowledge, the acupuncture induced infectious sacroiliitis with bacteremia is one of the rarely reported cases. We have recently experienced a case of infectious sacroiliitis as a very unusual complication of the acupuncture. In this case, increased signal intensity in the SI joint was found in the MRI, and focal hot uptake in SI joint was observed in bone scan. Staphyolococcus areus were cultured in the blood sample. Under the diagnosis of infectious sacroiliitis with bacteremia, the antibiotics was administered, and the clinical symptoms and laboratory findings were completely improved. This case report emphasizes that an acupuncture is a predisposing factor of the infectious sacroiliitis with bacteremia.
Acupuncture ; Anti-Bacterial Agents ; Bacteremia ; Buttocks ; Causality ; Diagnosis ; Drug Users ; Endocarditis ; Fever ; Gait ; Humans ; Joints ; Leukocytosis ; Magnetic Resonance Imaging ; Pregnancy ; Sacroiliac Joint ; Sacroiliitis* ; Skin

A 37 year old female presented with epigastric pain and weight loss over a period of 3 months. Her abdominal CT finding showed a 4.5 cm size hepatic mass and 4.3 cm size pancreatic head mass with multiple macronodules in the liver. At the same time, her chest CT revealed a 5 cm size necrotic mass in the left lower lobe of the lung with multiple bilateral pulmonary nodules. We diagnosed these lesions as tuberculosis through multiple biopsies. She was treated with anti-tuberculous medication. After taking the medications, her symptoms were improved. Twelve months later, imaging studies indicated an improvement in the patient's health. Here we report a case report of multi-organ macronodular tuberculosis in lung, liver and pancreas.
Biopsy ; Female ; Head ; Humans ; Liver ; Lung ; Multiple Pulmonary Nodules ; Pancreas ; Thorax ; Tuberculoma ; Tuberculosis ; Tuberculosis, Hepatic ; Weight Loss

Immunoglobulin (Ig) G4-related disease is a recently described systemic inflammatory disease characterized by high serum IgG4 concentrations and sclerosing inflammation of numerous IgG4-positive plasma cells that responds favorably to steroid treatment. Although initial description of this disorder focused on its pancreatic presentation, it has become apparent that it is a systemic disease. In this report, we describe a case of IgG4-related lung disease presenting as non-specific interstitial pneumonia in a 78-year-old male with interstitial lung disease. Pathological examination through video-assisted thoracic surgery showed a non-specific interstitial pneumonia pattern and numerous (> 50/high-power field) infiltrating IgG4-positive plasma cells. Laboratory tests also revealed a high serum IgG4 concentration. Prednisolone therapy was initiated and his symptoms and reticular opacity improved after two months of treatment.
Aged ; Humans ; Immunoglobulin G ; Immunoglobulins ; Inflammation ; Lung Diseases* ; Lung Diseases, Interstitial* ; Male ; Plasma Cells ; Prednisolone ; Thoracic Surgery, Video-Assisted

BACKGROUND: Impaired verbal fluency in Alzheimer's disease (AD) has been well documented. Furthermore, crosssectional studies suggest that semantic fluency is disproportionately impaired relative to phonemic fluency in AD. The aim of this study was to determine the ability of fluency measures as follow-up screening tool for mild to moderate AD. METHODS: Participants were recruited from AD patients in mild to moderate stages. We annually evaluated semantic (animal, supermarket) and phonemic (giyeok, siot, ieung) fluency and tested other extensive neuropsychological measures for two years. RESULTS: A total of 33 AD patients were included at baseline and 1-year follow-up, who were aged 70.18+/-5.97 years at baseline. Eleven patients completed a 2-year follow-up. Phonemic fluency total score was not significantly changed during the study period. However, semantic fluency total score tended to decline annually, and significantly declined at 2-year follow-up compared to baseline. In addition, difference score (semantic fluency minus phonemic fluency) was significantly decreased at every follow-up compared to previous year. In Pearson correlation analyses between changes of verbal fluency and other neuropsychological measures, changes of semantic fluency appeared to be significantly correlated with neuropsychological measures much more than changes of phonemic fluency. CONCLUSIONS: Significant longitudinal declines in semantic fluency compared to phonemic fluency seem to be consistent with previous cross-sectional studies. These patterns of changes in verbal fluency were observed even at an interval of one year follow-up in our study. The verbal fluency might be useful follow-up screening test for mild to moderate AD in the memory clinic setting.
Aged ; Alzheimer Disease ; Follow-Up Studies ; Humans ; Longitudinal Studies ; Mass Screening ; Memory ; Semantics

PURPOSE: This paper examined the relationship between knowledge differences of maternal oral health and of relevant demographic variables. METHODS: Participants included 239 pregnant women who were recruited from Women's Hospital located in B city who agreed to participate in this study. The data were analyzed using descriptive statistics, t-test, ANOVA, Pearson correlation analysis using the SPSS 21.0 program. RESULTS: Maternal knowledge of oral health was moderate level (10.22±2.36). Scores of maternal knowledge of oral health were different according to age, education, occupation, parity, and dental care experience in pregnancy. Level of oral healthcare knowledge was weakly related to age and education. CONCLUSION: Consequently, it is necessary to encourage pregnant women to take part in oral health education program during antenatal care.
Delivery of Health Care ; Dental Care ; Education ; Female ; Humans ; Occupations ; Oral Health* ; Parity ; Pregnancy ; Pregnant Women*