No abstract available.
Aeromonas hydrophila* ; Aeromonas* ; Animals ; Histamine Release* ; Histamine* ; Mast Cells* ; Rats*

OBJECTIVES: Apathy Evaluation Scale (AES) is one of the most frequently used scales to evaluate apathy. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the reliability and validity of the Korean version of the AES (K-AES) and to apply the K-AES in examining the characteristics of apathy in the Korean patients with schizophrenia. METHODS: 129 healthy people and 29 patients with schizophrenia have been evaluated using the K-AES, Physical Anhedonia Scale (PAS), Social Anhedonia Scale (SAS), and the Beck's Depression Inventory (BDI). Split-half reliability and internal consistency were evaluated and factor analysis and correlation analysis was conducted. Between-group comparison was conducted using independent sample t-tests. RESULTS: K-AES showed good reliability and validity. Factor analysis confirmed 3 factors, which represented interest and drive, initiative, self-awareness and self-assessment. Patients with schizophrenia showed significantly higher K-AES and BDI scores than the healthy group. K-AES scores in patients with schizophrenia were significantly correlated with the PAS score, but did not correlate with SAS and BDI scores. CONCLUSION: This study demonstrates the reliability and validity of the K-AES. Our findings also suggest that the K-AES may be a reliable instrument in assessing apathy as a negative symptom in patients with schizophrenia.
Anhedonia ; Apathy* ; Depression ; Factor Analysis, Statistical ; Humans ; Reproducibility of Results* ; Schizophrenia* ; Self-Assessment ; Weights and Measures

No abstract available.
Meconium* ; Peritonitis* ; Ultrasonography*

BACKGROUND: Although adult immunization is as important as childhood immunization, is being inadequately performed. However, previous studies concerning adult immunization could not be sufficiently evaluate because studies were restricted to the residents in rural area or those who have visited a doctor. METHOD: We conducted a study by telephone interview which included 201 household(375 adult family members) selected by systematic sampling from the yellow pages of Kangnam-gu and Sungbuk-gu districts of Seoul. The types of immunization covered in this study were immunizations against hepatitis B, influenza, pneumococcus, and hemorrhagic fever with renal syndrome(HFRS). Immunization status of all adult household members, cognition of the feed for immunization and of interviewees were surveyed. Sex, age, area of residency, education medical history of study subjects were considered as factors related to the cognition of the need for immunization and immunization performance. RESULT: The cognition rates of immunization were as follows: hepatitis B 85.1%, influenza 45.8% pneumonra 38.3%, and HFRS 38.3%. In the people over 65 years old, the cognition rate against influenza and pneumococeus were 6.25%, 6.25% respectively and for those she have chronic disease.80.0%, 20.0%, respectively. The cognition rates of immunization was significantly higher among those subject who were young, well educated, and those residing in Kangnam-gu district. The immunization performance rate of hepatitis B was 6.5%, influenza 5.6%, pneumonia 0.8%, and HFRS 1.1%. 75.5% of subjects vaccinated against hepatitis B had received at least three titles. The immunization performance rate of influenza and pneumococcus by the immunization indication are as follows 8.0%, 0.0%, respectively in the subjects over 65 years old, and 11.1%, 0.0,% respectively in the people who have chronic disease. The immunization performance rate of hepatitis B was higher among young, well educated subjects living in Kangnam-gu district. But age, education, area of residency played no apparent role in the case of other types of immunization. The immunization performance rate of those who felt the need for immunization as significant1y higher then that of those who did not. To assess the factors which re]ate to the correct cognition for immunization necessity, we used a multiple logistic regression test. For all types of immunization surveyed, sex(femals) and age (young) seemed to be significantly related to the correct necessity cognition. Medical history of chronic disease was also related to the correct necessity cognition for immunization against hepatitis B and influenza. CONCLUSION: This study reveals that among living in urban area the immunization performance rate and the correct cognition rate concerning the necessity for adult immunization was generally very low. Therefore, an active publicity and pubic education will be needed to increase the level of correct necessity cognition for immunization in which the disease status, sex, and age of vaccinee are considered. And more active effort to increase the cognition for immunization necessity performance is required.
Adult* ; Aged ; Chronic Disease ; Cognition* ; Education ; Family Characteristics ; Fever ; Hemorrhagic Fever with Renal Syndrome ; Hepatitis B ; Humans ; Immunization* ; Influenza, Human ; Internship and Residency ; Interviews as Topic ; Logistic Models ; Pneumonia ; Seoul ; Streptococcus pneumoniae

No abstract available.
Leukemia, Plasma Cell* ; Plasma Cells* ; Plasma*

Developmental foregut cysts, whether bronchogenic, esophageal, gastroenteric or pericardial, are frequently encountered in the mediastinum, and are also occasionally found in the upper abdomen, where they can mimic adrenal, pancreatic, renal or gastric masses. We present the computed tomographic (CT) and histologic findings of an intramuscular bronchogenic cyst of the gastric body, mimicking a retroperitoneal cystic mass. CT scanning demonstrated the presence of a relatively hyperattenuating cystic mass without enhancement. Histologic examination revealed a bronchogenic cyst secreting mucoid materials.
Abdomen ; Bronchogenic Cyst* ; Mediastinum ; Tomography, X-Ray Computed

BACKGROUND: Almost no study has been carried out to explore the cognitive characteristics of the oldest old population in Korea, even though Korean society is becoming very 'old'. The purpose of this study is to the examine basic cognitive functions of Korean elders over 100 years of age. METHODS: Data collection was completed with 87 elders, 12 males and 75 females. Their mean age was 103.2 for males and 102.3 for females. The average year of education for this population was less than 1 year(0.5 year). We evaluated cognitive functions by K-MMSE and the severity of dementia by CDR (Clinical Dementia Rating). RESULTS: Most of them were able to speak fluently(81.6%) and had reasonable vision(67.8%), but 55.2 % of subjects had full comprehension ability. There was no significant difference in results between elders from Seoul and from other country area. We have divided the sample population into 5 groups according to CDR score; 0(7.4%), 0.5(33.3%), 1(25.9%), 2(14.8%), 3(18.5%), to compare with K-MMSE score. There were significant differences in K-MMSE scores between CDR groups. DISCUSSION: About 7% of elders over 100 years of age are still maintaining normal cognitive function. Considering the physical handicaps of the subjects, probable dementia group(30%) can also be regarded as to possess near normal cognitive function. This study is the first study on Korean centenarians and will provide essential data for future studies on the oldest old.
Aged, 80 and over ; Comprehension ; Data Collection ; Dementia ; Education ; Female ; Humans ; Korea ; Male ; Seoul

Peribiliary cysts involve cystic dilatation and necroinflammatory change in the peribiliary glandular tissue of the larger biliary tree in association with portal hypertension or severe hepatobiliary disease. They are usually asymptomatic and found incidentally. However, rare cases causing symptoms or the mass effect of bile duct compression require differential diagnosis. They may be benign or malignant lesions resulting from narrowing of the bile duct and involving dilatation of the proximal intrahepatic bile duct. We recently encountered a case of peribiliary cysts associated with intrahepatic duct dilatation, and confirmed by surgery, and present the imaging and pathologic findings. Sonography and CT revealed the presence of multiple cystic lesions along the hepatic hilum, and the larger left portal tract and left intrahepatic ducts were dilated. Histopathologic examination indicated that the cysts were compressing the central bile duct.
Bile Ducts ; Bile Ducts, Intrahepatic* ; Biliary Tract ; Diagnosis, Differential ; Dilatation ; Hypertension, Portal

The purpose of this study was to examine the ultrastructural characteristic of the normal pylorus mucosa, and their structural changes induced by the ligation of common bile duct of the male rabbits weighing about 1.5 kg each. Experiment animals were divided into normal, sham operation, and experimental groups. Common bile duct ligation was performed under ether anesthesia and anjmals were sacrificed on the 1st, 3rd, 5th, 7th and 14th day after operation. The mucosal specimen of the pylorus, were fixed and embedded with common method. The sections were cut on a LKB-V ultratome, and observed under a JEM 100CX II electron microscope. The results were as follow : 1. In the early stages (1st, 3rd, 5th day groups) following the ligation, surface mucous cells have the various electron densities and shape of the mucous granules. In the late stages (7th, 14th day groups) following the ligation, many surface mucose cells containing numerous electron dense mucous granules are seen. 2. In the early stage of the ligation of bile duct, secretory function of EC cells was depressed, but in the later stage, the cells showed recovered secretory activity. 3. Secretory function of D cells was depressed on the early groups after the ligation of common bile duct, but they showed recovered secretory activity from the late groups after the ligation of the common bile duct. 4. Secretory function of G cells was activated on the early groups after the ligation of common bile duct, but they showed depressed secretory activity from the late groups after the ligation of the common bile duct. Considering the above findings, common bile duct ligation probably causes the dysfunction of the pyloric surface mucous cells that results in delayed mucous formation and secretion, and recovered mucous secretory function on the late stages. EC cells and G cells, depressed the secretory activities on the early stages and recovered on the late stages of the ligation of common bile duct. But D cells in the pyloric mucosa was activated on the early groups after the ligation of common bile duct ligation, but they was depressed secretory activities on the late groups.
Anesthesia ; Animals ; Bile Ducts ; Common Bile Duct* ; Ether ; Gastrin-Secreting Cells ; Humans ; Ligation* ; Male ; Mucous Membrane* ; Pylorus ; Rabbits ; Somatostatin-Secreting Cells

No abstract available.
Arthritis* ; Immunoblastic Lymphadenopathy*