Ki-1 monoclonal antibody is a well known marker for Reed-Sternberg cells in Hodgkin's disease, but also occasionally reacts with activated lymphoid cells of either benign or malignant nature. Recently, Ki-1 antibody positive Non-Hodgkin's lymphoma, usually of large cell and/or polymorphous type, has been reported in the lymph nodes, skin, soft tissue, and stomach, but not in the bone. We report a case of multifocal primary bone lymphoma in a seven-year old body involving the left shoulder and right frontal bone, which proved to be a large cell, polymorphous lymphoma, helper T-cell type expressing Ki-1 antigen.
Child ; Male ; Female ; Humans

Cytophagic histiocytic panniculitis is a rescently described histiocytic disorder. It is characterized by the presence of fever, pancytopenia, and subcutaneous nodules resulting from the infiltration of lympho-histiocytes in the dermis and subcutaneous adipose tissue. The characteristic findings is presence of bean-bag histiocytes containing phagocytized red blood cells, lymphocytes, and platelets. We experienced two cases of cytophagic histiocytic panniculitis with hard and erythematous subcutaneous nodules. These skin lesions exhibited infiltration of the subcutaneous tissue by large, benign histiocytes with cytophagic features. Hemophagocytic histiocytes were observed in the cervical lymph node in case 1, and bone marrow in case 2. One patient is alive, while the other one died with hemorrhagic complications.

We report an autopsy case of amniotic band syndrome exhibiting microcephaly, asymmetric encephalocele, microphthalmia, nasal deformity, cleft lip and palate accompanied by left maxillary and zygomatic bone deformities. The amniotic membrane of the placenta was also attached to the herniated brain. The twenty-year-old primigravid mother had no history of taking drug, irradiation, infection or trauma before or during pregnancy.
Pregnancy ; Female ; Humans

A 18 year old male with myesthenia gravis. Osserman Adult B type, underwent thymectany under general anesthesia combining the use of the new competitive muscle relaxant. Vecuronium, with initial dose of 0.08mg/kg. Neuromuscular blockade of Vecuronium in this myasthenic patient was monitored carefully from induction to postanesthetic period and it was compared with neuromuscular blockade of vecuronium(0.08mg/kg) and pancuronium(0.08mg/kg) in non-myasthenic patient. In this dose of Vecuronium in myasthenic patient, easy to achive endotracheal intubation, it's duration action and recovery were makedly prolonged and delayed than those of non-myasthenic patient and weakly approximated to those of pancuronium in non-myasthenic patients. Conclusively, the reduced dosage of vecuronium with careful neuromuscular monitering in myasthenic patient should be more effective and safe without any difficulties of anesthetic management and ventilatory support on post-operative period.
Adolescent ; Adult ; Anesthesia, General ; Humans ; Intubation, Intratracheal ; Male ; Myasthenia Gravis* ; Neuromuscular Blockade ; Pancuronium ; Thymectomy* ; Vecuronium Bromide*

OBJECTIVE: Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor (VEGF) is a potent stimulator of angiogenesis in solid tumors. Thrombospondin-1 (TSP-1) has inhibitory role in cancer cell proliferation and metastasis. To analyze the correlation with expression of VEGF and TSP-1 including microvessel density (MVD), the levels of VEGF/TSP-1 mRNA expression and microvessel count (MVC) were estimated in patients with invasive cervical carcinomas. METHODS: From 1996 to 1999, 37 carcinomas and 7 normal cervical tissues were collected, frozen and stored at -70 degrees C until used. The levels of VEGF and TSP-1 mRNAs were determined by quantitative RT-PCR. MVD was assessed by immunostaining for factor VIII-related antigen. The results are expressed as the largest number of microvessels present within a single x 40 field, and counted at x 100 field. RESULTS: Quantitative RT-PCR analysis demonstrated abnormally increased VEGF mRNA expression levels (>0.66) in 14 (37.8%) of 37 cervical carcinomas comparing to control groups (mean: 0.32+/-0.09) and abnormally low TSP-1 mRNA expression levels (<0.72) in 13 (35.1%) of 37 cervical carcinomas comparing to control groups (mean: 0.51+/-0.07). MVC was higher in tumors showing decreased expression of TSP-1 (but not statistically) (p<0.18) and overexpression of VEGF (p<0.05). When VEGF overexpression was accompanied with reduced TSP-1 expression, the microvessel density showed significantly increased pattern (p<0.05). CONCLUSION: Our study demonstrates that reduced expression of TSP-1 mRNAs and overexpression of VEGF mRNAs may be an important contributing factor in cervical carcinomas. Moreover, the inversed correlation of VEGF and TSP-1 mRNA expression can be an evidence of angiogenic role in cervical carcinomas.
Cell Proliferation ; Humans ; Microvessels* ; Neoplasm Metastasis ; RNA, Messenger* ; Thrombospondin 1 ; Uterine Cervical Neoplasms ; Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor A* ; von Willebrand Factor

Dilutional hyponatremia secondary to fluid retention in the postoperative period may be related to a persistent and inappropriate secretion of ADH, possibly orginated from surgical stress, pain, fear and others. It is also serious and over 50% mortality when it should be combined with neurological feature, especially generalized convulsion. But this phenomenon is transitory and complete curable with active management. So Anesthesiologists should be aware of this symptoms by measure of elctrolytes is postanesthetic period. We experienced 2 cases of dilutional hyponatremia with convulsion in postoperative period.
Hyponatremia* ; Mortality ; Postoperative Period ; Seizures*

OBJECTIVE: Angiogenesis, the formation of blood vessels by sprouting from pre-existing ones, is essential for the growth of solid tumors beyond 2-3mm in diameter and for tumor metastasis. Vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF), is known as vascular permeability factor(VPF) and mediates vascularization and tumor-induced angiogenesis. This study examined the potential of growth, invasion, and metastasis of uterine cervical carcinomas associated with neovascularization. METHODS: From January 1996 to December 1999, at the Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Kyung-Hee University Hospital, 37 uterine cervical carcinomas and 7 normal cervical tissues were obtained and the samples were immediately frozen and stored at -70 degrees C. Immunohistochemical staining for VEGF was carried out to study VEGF localization, and the levels of VEGF subtype mRNAs were determined by quantitative RT-PCR in specimens. The relation between VEGF subtypes expression of cervical cancers was analysed. RESULTS: The positive staining for VEGF is seen dominantly in the cytoplasm of the cancer cells, and faintly in interstitial cells. The intensity of staining was stronger in squamous carcinomas than in adenocrcinomas, but there was no significant difference (p>0.05). Quantitative RT-PCR analysis demonstrated significantly increased VEGF121/VEGF165 mRNA expression levels (>0.56 / >0.72) in 21 (56.8%) and 15 (40.5%) of 37 cervical carcinomas comparing to control groups (mean: 0.28 / 0.36). There was no obvious relationship between VEGF121/VEGF165 mRNA expression levels and the clinical parameters examined including age, pathology, differentiation, tumor size, lymphovascular space invasion, LN involvement and invasion depth except clinical stage (p<0.05). CONCLUSIONS: The overexpression of VEGF mRNA may be an important contributing factor in cervical carcinomas. There is no significant differenece of VEGF mRNAs levels according to clinical parameters, so it seems that the expression of VEGF is involved in the promotion of angiogenesis on cervical cancer and plays an important role in early invasion.
Blood Vessels ; Capillary Permeability ; Carcinoma, Squamous Cell ; Cytoplasm ; Gynecology ; Neoplasm Metastasis ; Obstetrics ; Pathology ; RNA, Messenger* ; Uterine Cervical Neoplasms ; Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor A*

OBJECTIVE: Acquisition of a proangiogenic environment is essential to the cervical cancer growth, invasion and metastasis, and the angiogenic phenotype in cervical cancer is strongly associated with clinical outcome. However, the regulation of the metastatic process in cervical cancer has not been well defined. Thrombospondin-1 (TSP-1) is a representative angiogenesis suppressor whose loss or reduced expression has been frequently observed in many types of human neoplasms. In this study, we examined whether expression of TSP-1 is associated with clinicopathological features, including microvessel density and evaluated its prognostic significance in patients with cervical cancer. METHODS: The expression and mutation status of TSP-1 was examined by quantitative RT- and genomic PCR and RT-PCR-SSCP analysis and microvessel density was performed using immunohistochemical staining in 7 normal cervix and 37 cervical cancers. RESULTS: All normal cervix tissues express easily detetable levels of TSP-1 transcript in range of 1.41-1.62 (mean 1.51 +/- 0.07). In contrast to normal tissue, mRNA expression of TSP-1 in primary cancer was detected in range of 0.51-1.69 (mean 1.03 +/- 0.36), and 35.1% (13 of 37) of carcinomas expressed abnormally low levels of TSP-1 (p<0.05). Moreover, abnormal reduction of TSP-1 expression was more frequently observed in IIa-IIb cancer (60%, 6 of 10) compared to Ib cancer (25.9%, 7 of 27) (p<0.05). None of carcinoma tissues we tested showed abnormal reduction of TSP-1 gene level and no evidences for sequence alterations leading to amino acid substitution were identified, indicating that allelic deletion or mutational alteration of TSP-1 might be a rare event in cervical carcinogenesis. Microvessel density was significantly higher in tumors showing decreased expression of TSP-1 (abnormal low group: 11.3 +/- 5.06, others: 6.64 +/- 7.15) (p<0.05). To detect the possible deletion of the gene and the presence of sequence alteration in TSP-1 transcripts, we performed quantitative genomic PCR and RT-PCR-SSCP analysis. However, none of carcinoma tissues we tested showed abnormal reduction of TSP-1 gene level and no evidence for sequence alterations leading to amino acid substitution were identified. CONCLUSION: Our study demonstrates that abnormal reduction of TSP-1 mRNA expression is frequent in cervical cancer and correlates with the malignant progression of cervical cancers. Our data also show that allelic deletion or mutational alteration of TSP-1 is rare in cervical cancers, suggesting that abnormal reduction of TSP-1 mRNA expression in cervical cancers might be caused by altered transcriptional down regulation of the gene, such as epigenetic gene silencing. The inverse correlation between TSP expression and microvessel density also indicates that decreased TSP-1 expression might be associated with an angiogenic phenotype in cervical cancer.
Amino Acid Substitution ; Carcinogenesis ; Cervix Uteri ; Down-Regulation ; Epigenomics ; Female ; Gene Silencing ; Humans ; Microvessels ; Neoplasm Metastasis ; Phenotype ; Polymerase Chain Reaction ; RNA, Messenger* ; Thrombospondin 1* ; Uterine Cervical Neoplasms*

OBJECTIVE: TGF-beta signaling is dependent on the heterodimerization of the type II TGF-beta receptor (TbetaR-II) with the type I TGF-beta receptor (TbetaR-I). which mediate intracellular signals through Smad proteins. Whereas physiologic concentrations of SnoN and Ski allow a feedback regulation of TGF-beta signaling, deregulation of SnoN or Ski expression leads to total inhibition of TGF-beta signaling and of the tumor suppressors Smad2 and Smad4, which can explain the role of SnoN and Ski as oncogenes. In order to identify possible molecular mechanisms responsible for TGF-beta resistance, the author investigated the mutation and expression of TGF-beta1, its receptors, Ski/SnoN in cervical carcinomas. METHODS: From December 1995 to December 1999, 45 carcinomas and 7 normal cervical tissue specimens were obtained by surgical resection in the Kyung Hee University Medical Center. Tissue specimens were snap-forzen in liquid N2 and stored at -70 degrees C until used. Total RNA was extracted from specimens and evaluated the expression levels using densitometric analysis of quantitative RT-PCR products (TGF-beta1, Tbeta1R-I, Tbeta1R-II, Ski/SnoN), and the mutations were investigated by quantitative genomic-PCR followed by nonisotopic RT-PCR-SSCP analysis (Tbeta1R-II, Tbeta1R-I, Ski/SnoN). The abnorally expressed levels of RT-PCR products (TGF-beta1, Tbeta1R-II) were analysed for the clinicopathologic characteristics. RESULTS: Quantitative RT-PCR analysis demonstrated variable expression of TGF-beta1 mRNA (0.05-0.89) in tumors and significantly increased TGF-beta1 expression level (>0.48) in 15 of 45 samples (33.3%). There is no significant reduction of Tbeta1R-I expression (<0.38) in tumors, but 9 of all tumors (20.0%) show significantly reduced levels of Tbeta1R-II expression (<0.58). Using quantitative DNA-PCR analysis, all of 9 specimens with abnormally low Tbeta1R-II expression show abnormally low levels (<0.47) of the Tbeta1R-II gene at genomic level which suggests allelic deletion of the gene in these specimens. Gene mutations of TGF-beta1 receptors were analysed using specific primers by RT-PCR-SSCP analysis, and the results revealed no mutational alterations of TGF-beta1 receptors and no mutation in poly (A) region of Tbeta1R-II. Quantitative RT-PCR analysis demonstrated variable expression of Ski/SnoN (0.65-1.46/0.75-1.62) in tumors and significantly increased Ski expression level (>1.36) in 2 of 45 samples (4.4%), and there is no amplification of Ski/SnoN gene by quantitative genomic-PCR analysis. CONCLUSIONS: The overexpression of TGF-beta1 mRNA and the reduced or absent expression of Tbeta1R-II may be an important contributing factors, and the abnormally low genomic levels and no mutational alterations of Tbeta1R-II is caused by monoallelic deletion suggesting that Tbeta1R-II might play as a tumor suppressor of haloinsufficiency in cervical carcinomas. We could not show that high levels of Ski/SnoN expression could produce a disruption of TGF-beta signaling in cervical carcinomas.
Academic Medical Centers ; Oncogenes ; Receptors, Transforming Growth Factor beta ; RNA ; RNA, Messenger* ; Smad Proteins ; Transforming Growth Factor beta* ; Transforming Growth Factor beta1

PURPOSE: The purpose of this study was to identify errors in statistical descriptions in articles published in the journal of Korean Radiological Society and to suggest guidelines for the reduction of such errors. MATERIALS AND METHODS: In order to investigate statistical errors, 139 of the 514 original articles published between July 1994 were analysed. To assess the validity of statistical descriptions, five items were evaluated. The five items included descriptions of basic data, statistical tests and their results, tables, articles which had presented two or more statistical methods or results, and the Chi-square test. RESULTS: The percentages of correct descriptions of basic data, statistical tests and their results, tables, articles which had presented two or more statistical methods or results, and the Chi-square test were 86.3%, 74.8%, 24.4%, 76.7% and 79.4%, respectively. In 50 of 139 articles (36.0%), statistical descriptions were correct. CONCLUSION: More than half of the articles assessed contained statistical errors; inaccuracies of this kind might raise doubts about the objective validity of an article and the authors should there fore be careful when performing a study which needs statistical descriptions.