PURPOSE: We performed dynamic MR imaging using GdDTPA to find characteristic enhancement pattern of hepatic hemangioma distinguishing from hepatocellular carcinoma. METHODS AND MATERIALS: 28 hepatic hemangiomas and 10 hepatocellular carcinomas were evaluated. Serial dynamic scans after Gd-DTPA(0.1mmol/kg) intravenous injection were obtained by using 0.5T machine and analyzed contrast-to-noise ratio(CNR) of the lesion and enhancement pattern on each scan. RESULTS: Hepatic hemangiomas had positive CNR from 1-2 minute images, and revealed typical "fill-in phenomenon" on early phase with prolonged enhancement in 26 cases(92.8%), and early homogeneous enhancement with isointensity on delayed phase in 2 cases(7.2%) of small hemangiome~ Hepatocellular carcinomas revealed inhomogeneous enhancement with hypointensity on delayed phase in 10 cases(100%) and 3 cases (30%) of capsular enhancement. CONCLUSION: Hepatic hemangioma can be easily distinguished from hepatocellular carcinoma by using Gd DTPA enhanced dynamic MR imaging according to its typical enhancement pattern of "fill-in phenomenon" and prolonged enhancement.
Carcinoma, Hepatocellular ; Diagnosis, Differential* ; Gadolinium DTPA ; Hemangioma* ; Injections, Intravenous ; Magnetic Resonance Imaging*

Three cases of hydatidiform mole with a coexisting fetus are described. In two cases, flow cytometric analysis of nuclear DNA content from paraffin-embedded, molar tissues and normal-appearing placental tissues showed diploid pattern. One case had karyotypes of 46, XX both in fetal skin fibroblasts and in molar tissues. Microscopically, the villi showed diffuse hydropic swelling with circumferential trophoblastic proliferations and consistent with the diagnosis of complete mole. Two patient had persistent gestational trophoblastic neoplasia on the follow-up. Therefore, in cases of hydatidiform mole with a coexisting fetus, dizygotic twin pregnancies composed of a normal pregnancy from one ovum and a complete mole pregnancy from the other ovum must be considered and the patients should be followed with serum beta-hCG measurements.
Pregnancy ; Female ; Humans

Although Soft tissue contrast and direct multiplanar imaging capability of MRI are well recognized, myelo Been the imaging modality of choice in evaluationg cervical root injury. We assessed the role of M compared its diagnostic accuracy with myelography in the evaluation of cervical root injury. MR finding Root injury in ten patients (55 roots) were retrospectively reviewed. In 26 explored roots (6 patin Frndings were compared with myelography and surgical results. In 29 roots (8 patients), which were By myelography or exploration, the MR findings were focal extraudral CSF collections (pseudomem In 21/29(72.4%, 8 patients), thickening of extradural roots in 4/29 (13.6%, 5 patients), and thickern Darn in 12/29 (41.4%, 6 patients) roots. T2-weighted axial image was superior to Tl weighted and Density-weighted images for delineationg root avulsion. The sensitivity and specificity of MRI were 7 93.3% respectively, while those of myelography were 83% and 90%. Overall diagnostic accuracy of Myelography were comparable (84.6% vs 87.5%). In conclusion, myelography is still considered as the Of choice in the preoperative evaluation of the cervical root avulsion because of its higher sensi, however, may obviate the myelography with some technical refinements.
Humans ; Magnetic Resonance Imaging* ; Myelography ; Retrospective Studies ; Sensitivity and Specificity

Although Soft tissue contrast and direct multiplanar imaging capability of MRI are well recognized, myelo Been the imaging modality of choice in evaluationg cervical root injury. We assessed the role of M compared its diagnostic accuracy with myelography in the evaluation of cervical root injury. MR finding Root injury in ten patients (55 roots) were retrospectively reviewed. In 26 explored roots (6 patin Frndings were compared with myelography and surgical results. In 29 roots (8 patients), which were By myelography or exploration, the MR findings were focal extraudral CSF collections (pseudomem In 21/29(72.4%, 8 patients), thickening of extradural roots in 4/29 (13.6%, 5 patients), and thickern Darn in 12/29 (41.4%, 6 patients) roots. T2-weighted axial image was superior to Tl weighted and Density-weighted images for delineationg root avulsion. The sensitivity and specificity of MRI were 7 93.3% respectively, while those of myelography were 83% and 90%. Overall diagnostic accuracy of Myelography were comparable (84.6% vs 87.5%). In conclusion, myelography is still considered as the Of choice in the preoperative evaluation of the cervical root avulsion because of its higher sensi, however, may obviate the myelography with some technical refinements.
Humans ; Magnetic Resonance Imaging* ; Myelography ; Retrospective Studies ; Sensitivity and Specificity

Congenital right posterolateral diaphragmatic hernia is rare. Moreover, cases of delayed presentation are extremely rare. We experienced two cases of right posterolateral diaphragmatic hernia. One case was a 1 day old male neonate with cyanosis. He was diagnosed as a congenital right posterolateral diaphragmatic hernia by chest X-ray and repaired primarily through trans-abdominal approach. There was a 54 cm defective area at the right posterolateral diaphragm. The right lobe of the liver, gall bladder, small intestine and right colon were herniated though the defect into the thoracic cavity. The patient was supported by mechanical ventilation for 1 month and was discharged without complication on the 41st day. The other case was an 11-month male infant with dyspnea, cough and seizure. He was diagnosed with delayed presentation of congenital right posterolateral diaphragmatic hernia by chest X-ray and repaired primarily through transabdominal approach. Almost all of the small intestine and right colon were herniated through a 54 cm sized posterolateral defect in the right diaphragm. He didn't need postoperative ventilatory support and was discharged without complications on the ninth day.
Colon ; Cough ; Cyanosis ; Diaphragm ; Dyspnea ; Hernia, Diaphragmatic* ; Humans ; Infant ; Infant, Newborn ; Intestine, Small ; Liver ; Male ; Respiration, Artificial ; Seizures ; Thoracic Cavity ; Thorax ; Urinary Bladder

Background: and Purpose: Ventricle enlargement has been implicated in the pathophysiology of Alzheimer’s disease (AD). We studied the relationship between ventricular size and cognitive function in patients with AD. We focused on the effect of the initial ventricle size on the rate of cognitive decline in patients with AD. Methods: A retrospective analysis of probable clinical AD participants with more than 2 magnetic resonance imaging images was performed. To measure ventricle size, we used visual rating scales of (1) Cardiovascular Health Study (CHS) score and (2) conventional linear measurement method. Results: Increased clinical dementia rating (CDR) was correlated with a decreased MiniMental Status Examination (MMSE) score, and increased medial temporal lobe atrophy (MTLA) and global ventricle size (p<0.001, p<0.001, p=0.021, respectively). There was a significant correlation between the change in cognitive function in the group (70%–100%ile) with a large initial ventricle size (p=0.021 for ΔCDR, p=0.01 for ΔMMSE), while the median ventricle size (30%–70%ile) showed correlation with other brain structural changes (MTLA, frontal atrophy [FA], and white matter) (p=0.036 for initial MTLA, p=0.034 for FA). Conclusions In this study, the initial ventricle size may be a potential new imaging biomarker for initial cognitive function and clinical progression in AD. We found a relationship between the initial ventricle size and initial AD-related brain structural biomarkers.

PURPOSE: To investigate the association between necrotizing enterocolitis (NEC) and red blood cell transfusions in very low birth weight (VLBW) preterm infants. METHODS: We studied were 180 VLBW preterm infants who were admitted to the neonatal intensive care unit of CHA Gangnam Hospital from January of 2006 to December of 2009. The subjects were divided into 2 groups: an NEC group (greater than stage II on the modified Bell's criteria) and a control group (less than stage II on the modified Bell's critieria). We defined red blood cell transfusion before NEC diagnosis as the frequency of transfusion until NEC diagnosis (mean day at NEC diagnosis, day 18) in the NEC group and the frequency of transfusion until 18 days after birth in the control group. RESULTS: Of the 180 subjects, 18 (10%) belonged to the NEC group, and 14 (78%) of these 18 patients had a history of transfusion before NEC diagnosis. The NEC group received 3.1+/-2.9 transfusions, and the control group received 1.0+/-1.1 transfusions before the NEC diagnosis (P=0.005). In a multivariate logistic regression corrected for gestational age, Apgar score at 1 minute, the presence of respiratory distress syndrome, patent ductus arteriosus, premature rupture of membrane, disseminated intravascular coagulopathy and death were confounding factors. The risk of NEC increased 1.63 times (95% confidence interval, 1.145 to 2.305; P=0.007) with transfusion before the NEC diagnosis. CONCLUSION: The risk for NEC increased significantly with increased transfusion frequency before the NEC diagnosis.
Apgar Score ; Ductus Arteriosus, Patent ; Enterocolitis, Necrotizing ; Erythrocyte Transfusion ; Erythrocytes ; Gestational Age ; Humans ; Infant, Newborn ; Infant, Premature ; Infant, Very Low Birth Weight ; Intensive Care, Neonatal ; Logistic Models ; Membranes ; Parturition ; Rupture

BACKGROUND: The incidence of cutaneous malignant tumors and premalignant lesions has recently increased worldwide. However, studies investigating the incidence and clinical manifestations of cutaneous malignant tumors and premalignant lesions in Korea are rare, especially in southeastern Gyeonggi-do Province. OBJECTIVE: To analyze the recent trends in the incidence of cutaneous malignant tumors and premalignant lesions in southeastern Gyeonggi-do Province. METHODS: We retrospectively reviewed 451 cases of cutaneous malignant tumors and 455 cases of premalignant lesions from 2006 to 2016. RESULTS: The average annual incidence rates of cutaneous malignant tumors and premalignant lesions among the total number of outpatients was 0.84% and 0.85%, respectively, and both these rates increased significantly over time. Basal cell carcinoma was most commonly diagnosed cutaneous malignant tumor (50.8%), followed by squamous cell carcinoma (24.6%), malignant melanoma (8.2%), and metastatic carcinoma (5.1%). The most common premalignant lesion was actinic keratosis (60.0%). The mean age of the patients with cutaneous malignant tumors and premalignant lesions was 68.8 years and 70.8 years, respectively. The ratio of male to female patients was 1 : 1.19 for cutaneous malignant tumors and 1 : 2.01 for premalignant lesions. The face was the most common site for both cutaneous malignant tumors and premalignant lesions (at 71.9% and 75.8%, respectively). CONCLUSION: This retrospective study provided data about the incidence and clinical patterns of cutaneous malignant tumors and premalignant lesions among patients in southeastern Gyeonggi-do Province.
Carcinoma, Basal Cell ; Carcinoma, Squamous Cell ; Female ; Gyeonggi-do* ; Humans ; Incidence ; Keratosis, Actinic ; Korea ; Male ; Melanoma ; Outpatients ; Retrospective Studies ; Statistics as Topic*

Stevens-Johnson syndrome (SJS) is a serious and potentially life-threatening disease. Vanishing bile duct syndrome (VBDS) is a rare cause of progressive cholestasis. Both syndromes are usually associated with the use of specific drugs. VBDS in patients with SJS is most commonly associated with drug hypersensitivity. To our knowledge, to date, the literature contains only a single report of toxic epidermal necrolysis associated with VBDS in Korea. We report a case of drug-induced SJS with acute onset of VBDS and present a review of the literature in this context. This case highlights the importance of awareness among clinicians regarding drug reactions, their severity, as well as diagnostic modalities and optimal management strategies in these cases.
Bile Ducts ; Bile ; Cholestasis ; Drug Hypersensitivity ; Humans ; Korea ; Stevens-Johnson Syndrome

Adenoid cystic carcinoma (ACC) is a malignant glandular neoplasm that commonly occurs in the salivary glands. Primary cutaneous adenoid cystic carcinoma (PCACC) is a rare form of ACC that primarily presents on the skin. A diagnosis of a primary tumor arising in the skin can be made only after excluding metastatic deposits from other, more common sites. PCACC tends to infiltrate and recur locally but rarely metastasizes to distant organs and lymph nodes. To our knowledge, this is the first reported case of a PCACC of the chest wall in Korea. We report this case and literature review to raise awareness of this rare tumor.