No abstract available.
Alleles* ; Gene Frequency* ; HLA-DR Antigens* ; Polymerase Chain Reaction*

No abstract available.
DNA Fingerprinting* ; DNA* ; Oligonucleotide Probes* ; Polymerase Chain Reaction*

CT has become the most useful, non-invasive diagnostic method as the initial exmination in the diagnosis ofruptured intracranial aneurysm with intracranial hemorrhage(subarachnoid, intracerebral and intraventricularhemorrhage), hydrocephalus and infarction. Furthermore, high resolution CT can demonstrate aneurysm itself. Butangiography is the last and conclusive method as yet, for better evaluation of vascular anatomic structure ofaneurysm for surgery. Authors analyzed 40 cases of ruptured intracranial aneurysm confirmed by CT, angiographyand/or surgery at Chonnam National University Hospital from July, 83' to July, 85'. The results were as follows:1. The most prevalent age group was the 5th decade(35%), and female patient(57.5%) was more comon than male. 2.Angiographic findings were as follows: 1) Multiple aneurysm was found in 8 patients (20%): the one of thesepatients is tripple, the others are double. 2) The location of aneurysm, in order ot frequency, were : ACA andA-com aneurysm in 23 cases(47%). ICA and P-com aneurysm in 17 cases(35%), basilar tip aneurysm in 4 cases(8%), MCAaneurysm in 3 cases(6%) and PCA aneurysm in 1 case(2%). 3) Hydrocephalus was detected in 22 cases (55%): 21 cases(95%) of these cases were demonstarated within the first 3 weeks after attack. 4) Detection of aneurysm itseslfwas 20 cases(50%). 5) Cerebral infarction was 5 cases(12.5%). 6) Subarachnoid enhancement on post-contrast scanwas 8 cases(20%).
Aneurysm ; Cerebral Infarction ; Diagnosis ; Female ; Humans ; Hydrocephalus ; Infarction ; Intracranial Aneurysm ; Jeollanam-do ; Male ; Methods ; Passive Cutaneous Anaphylaxis

Ultrasonography is a very useul diagnostic modality for the evaluation of clinically suspicious abdominalmasses in infants and children, especially in assessing their existence, size,location, origin and internalconsistency. Authors analyzed and present ultrasonographic findings of 92 pathologically and/or clinically provenpediatric abdominal masses that were studied and treated in Chonnam University Hospital during recent 4 years. Theresults were as follows: 1. The most common originating site was kidney(26 cases: 28.3%), followed bygastrointestinal tract (21 cases: 22.8%), genital organ(17 cases: 18.5%), non-renal retroperitoneum (13cases:18.5%), hepatobilary tract (12 cases:13.0%), and anterior abdominal wall (3 cases: 3.3%) in ordre offrequency. 2. The most common mass was hydonephrosis(18 cases: 19.6%). Neuroblastoma(7 cases:7.6%),hepatoblastoma, ovarian teratoma, periappendiceal abscess and abdominal tuberculosis(6 cases: 6.5%, respectively),Wilms tumor(5 cases: 5.4%) were next in order of frequency. 3. The sex distribution is rather similar, that is ,male 42(45.7%) and female 50(54.3%), but characteristically choledochal cyst(2 cases) and genital mass(17 cases)were found only in females. Considering age distribution, 78 cases(84.8%) were found within the range of one to 15years of age. The rest, 14 cases(15.2%), were under the age of one year. 4. With ultrasonography, the diagnosis ofhydronephrosis could be made easily in every case and we could evaluate its severity and level of obstruction withhigh accuracy. 5. All Wilms tumor were large, round or oval, sharply marginated and relatively homogenous solidmasses. 6. All neuroblastomas were irregular shaped, poorly defined, heterogeneous solid masses. Tumorcalcification and extension across the midline were noted in 6 cases(85.7%) and 5 cases(71.4%), respectively. 7.All periappendiceal abscesses had irregular thickened wall and posterior acoustic enhancement: 4 cases (66.7%)among them were mixed echo pattern and 2 cases(33.3%) ehco free. 8. Among the 6 abdominal tuberculoses, 2 wereseen as irregularly defined solid masses, 1 as conglomeration of multiple hypoechoic nodulles and 3 as mixedpatterns. 9. All hepatoblastomas were seen to be poorly marginated solid masses with more echogenicity thanadjacent normal hepatic echo in 5 cases except one. 10. Among the 6 ovarian teraomas, 4 cases were cystic and 2cases solid. Acoutic shadowing was seen in 3 cases. 11. Choledochal cyst (2 cases), hydrops of gallbladder(1cases) and cyst of pancreas head(1 cases) had similar ultrasonic appearance as a large elliptical systic mass,but, it was important in differential diagnosis to ascertain the existence of gallblader and the connectionbetween the cyst and bile duct.
Abdominal Wall ; Abscess ; Acoustics ; Age Distribution ; Bile Ducts ; Child ; Choledochal Cyst ; Diagnosis ; Diagnosis, Differential ; Edema ; Female ; Hepatoblastoma ; Humans ; Infant ; Jeollanam-do ; Male ; Neuroblastoma ; Pancreas ; Sex Distribution ; Shadowing (Histology) ; Teratoma ; Tuberculosis ; Ultrasonics ; Ultrasonography ; Wilms Tumor

BACKGROUND: The growing number of spinal cord injured individuals facing old age makes the understanding of age related limitations increasingly important. This study was to investigate the age-related differences in rehabilitation outcome according to the level of cervical spinal cord injury and each category of activity of daily living(ADL). METHODS: Subjects were 79 adults with tetraplegia all of whom were admitted in National Rehabilitation Hospital. The level of injury was classified into upper cervical(C4, C5), mid-cervical(C6), and lower cervical(C7, C8) spinal cord injury. Eight ADL categories including feeding, grooming, bathing, dressing, toileting, bed-transfer, toilet/tub transfer, and indoor mobility were assessed using the scale of Spinal Cord Independence Measure. Age related differences were examined by separating the sample into two age groups(> or =40 and <40 years) RESULTS: There was no age related difference in rehabilitation outcome in upper cervical cord injury patients. In mid-cervical cord injury level, ADL capacities differed only in the feeding and grooming activities. In lower cervical cord injury level, older patients showed lower rehabilitation outcome than younger counterparts in all ADL categories examined. CONCLUSION: Along with injury level, age should be considered when formulating rehabilitation plans and functional prognostic statements in tetraplegic patients.
Activities of Daily Living ; Adult ; Animals ; Bandages ; Baths ; Grooming ; Humans ; Quadriplegia ; Rehabilitation* ; Spinal Cord Injuries* ; Spinal Cord* ; Treatment Outcome*

No abstract available.
DNA* ; HLA-DR Antigens* ; Polymerase Chain Reaction*

BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES : The management of chronic recurrent rhinosinusitis in children has become controversial, because there are now various treatment modalities. We assessed nebulized antibiotic therapy, which had been studied as a treatment option in the postoperative infection in adult patients, for its effectiveness in children with chronic rhinosinusitis. Subjects and METHOD : We have selected 34 pediatric chronic rhinosinusitis patients who have received treatment for 3 months or 3 times for recent 6 months with oral antibiotics. They were treated with a nebulized antibiotic therapy for 4 weeks. We have compared pre-and post-treatment symptom scores, physical scores, and radiologic scores. After 6 months of follow up, infection free period was assessed. RESULTS : In 34 patients, 25 patients were selected for study. The symptoms and physical findings were improved in 76%, and the radiologic findings were also improved in 56%. Improvement in rhinorrhea, nasal obstruction, coughing and nasal swelling were significant. Mean infection free period was 13.7 weeks. CONCLUSION : Nebulized antibiotic therapy might be considered as another therapeutic option for pediatric patients with chronic sinusitis who have failed to respond to oral antibiotics or who cannot tolerate them.
Adult ; Anti-Bacterial Agents ; Child ; Cough ; Follow-Up Studies ; Humans ; Nasal Obstruction ; Nebulizers and Vaporizers* ; Sinusitis

BACKGROUND: The SF-6D, derived from the SF-36, is a preference-based instrument measuring health-related quality of life (HRQOL). Using this tool, we measured the HRQOL of persons disabled by stroke dwelling in Gyeongju city and identified factors affecting the HRQOL. METHODS: As of March 2008, 991 persons who had had a stroke and were aged 50 and over were identified on the Gyeongju city disabled registry. Interviewers specifically trained for this face-to-face survey gathered pertinent information including general and clinical characteristics from June to October 2008. In addition, the health status was measured using the Modified Rankin Scale, the Barthel ADL index, and the SF-36. The SF-6D index was derived from the SF-36. We analyzed the known-group construct validity and convergent validity. Finally, we performed multiple regression analyses to identify factors affecting the HRQOL. RESULTS: Of the 991 potential subjects, 498 persons participated in the interviews (response rate: 50.3%). The SF-6D indices for females and those aged 70 and over were lower than indices for males and those aged 60 and less. Correlation coefficients between the Modified Rankin Scale, the Barthel index, and the SF-6D index were relatively high (-0.533 and 0.555, respectively) and statistically significant (P<0.001). Multiple regression analyses showed that sex, age, smoking, alcohol use, comorbidity, the Modified Rankin Scale, and the Barthel index had an effect on the SF-6D index of persons with stroke, and the Barthel index was the most important factor. CONCLUSIONS: Our results indicate that the SF-6D can be a valid tool for evaluating health states of persons disabled by stroke, and functional limitation was the main factor affecting the HRQOL.
Activities of Daily Living ; Aged ; Comorbidity ; Disabled Persons ; Female ; Humans ; Male ; Quality of Life ; Smoke ; Smoking ; Stroke ; Value of Life ; Surveys and Questionnaires

We retrospectively analyzed 17 necrotizing pancreatitis patients who were treated surgicaly at the Department of Surgery, Yonsei University, from April 1983 to October 1996 in order to identify that the presence of intra-abdominal infection. The mean age was 46.5 years old. There were 11 male patients and 6 female patients. The most common etiology was alcohol and trauma. The mortality rate was 6%, for which etiology was alcohol. We grouped the patients into three groups, which is the infected, non-infected, and no culture performed. There were 6 non-infected patients, 6 infected patients, and 5 no culture performed patients. The most frequent infecting organism was E. coli. Others were E. faecalis, P. aeruginosa, K. pneumonia, and E. cloacae. There were 6 non-infected patients. The complication rate was 50% in infected cases, the 67% in non-infected cases, and 80% in no culture performed cases. In non-infected patients, Ranson's criteria, APACHE II score, total transfusion of packed red blood cell, and hospital stay were greater than infected patients. The ICU stay was longer in infected patients. However, there were no significant differences among the three groups. The basic operation procedure was necrosectomy and drainage. Others were cholecystectomy, segmental resection of colon, etc. We concluded that the presense of intra-abdominal infection should not be the sole determinant for intervention, so, the early and aggressive surgical intervention in case of symptomatic pancreatic necrosis is more beneficial irrespective of infection.
APACHE ; Cholecystectomy ; Cloaca ; Colon ; Drainage ; Erythrocytes ; Female ; Humans ; Intraabdominal Infections ; Length of Stay ; Male ; Mortality ; Necrosis ; Pancreatitis ; Pancreatitis, Acute Necrotizing* ; Pneumonia ; Retrospective Studies

PURPOSE: The purpose of this study was to colorimetrically evaluate the masking effect of different opacity of ingots on the final shade of IPS Empress Esthetic(R) laminate veneer restorations using the CIE L*a*b* system. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Six porcelain disks of IPS Empress Esthetic(R) system (translucency: E 01, E 03, E 0C-1, E TC-1, E TC-2, E TC-3) were fabricated with 7 mm in diameter and 0.6 mm in thickness. Six extracted human incisors (shade: A1, A3, A4, B2, B3, C3) were used as the abutment specimens. The incisors were prepared using a diamond wheel and made with a flat labial surface on the middle 1/3. For each combination of different shades of abutments and copings, the change in color was measured with a colorimeter. CIE L*a*b* coordinates were recorded for each specimen. Color differences (DeltaE) were calculated. Descriptive statistical analysis was done. RESULTS: DeltaE values were significantly affected by coping translucency and abutment shade (P<.05). The color differences (DeltaE) of laminate veneers among abutments with A3, B3, C3, and A4 shade were mostly below 2.7 which was within the clinically acceptable range, while color differences between A4 and B2, A3 and B2, and A1 and A4 showed more than 2.7. CONCLUSION: The final color of IPS Empress Esthetic(R) laminate veneers were significantly influenced by translucency of the coping and shade of abutment teeth. The large value difference of abutment teeth limited the masking ability by laminate veneers.
Dental Porcelain ; Diamond ; Humans ; Incisor ; Masks ; Tooth