No abstract available.
Deoxyglucose* ; Shock*

BACKGROUND: To study the prognosis of patients with lung cancer, many investigators have reported the methods to detect cell proliferation in tissues including PCNA, thymidine autoradiography, flow cytometry and Ki-67. PCNA, also known as cyclin, is a cell related nuclear protein with 36KD intranuclear polypeptide that is maximally elevated in S phase of proliferating cells. In this study, PCNA was identified by paraffin-embedding tissue using immunohistochemistry which has an advantage of simplicity and maintenance of tissue architecture. The variation of PCNA expression is known to be related with proliferating fraction, histologic type, anatomic(TNM) stage, degree of cell differentiation, S-phase fraction and survival rate. We analyzed the correlation between PCNA expression and S-phase fraction, survival. METHODS: To investigate expression of PCNA in primary lung cancer, we used immunohistochemical stain to paraffin-embedded sections of 57 resected primary non-small cell lung cancer specimen and the results were analyzed according to the cell type, cell differentiation, TNM stage, S-phase fraction and survival. RESULTS: PCNA expression was dMded into five group according to degree of staging(-, +, ++, +++,++++). Squamous cell type showed high positivity than in adenocarcinoma. Nonsignificant difference related to TNM stage was noticed. Nonsignificant difference related to degree of cell differentiation was noticed. S-phase fraction was increased wit advance of PCNA positivity, but t could not reach the statistic significance. The 2 year survival rate and median survival time were -50% 13 months, +75% 41.3 months, ++73% 33.6 months, +++67% 29.0 months, ++++25% 9 months with statistic significance (P<0.05, Kaplan-Meier, generalized Wilcox). CONCLUSION: From this study. PCNA expression was high positive n squamous cell cancer. And, there was no relationship between PCNA positivity and TNM stage, cellular differentiation or S-phase fraction. But, the patients with high positive PCNA staining showed poor survival rate than the patients with lower positive PCNA. It was concluded that PCNA immunostaining is a simple and useful method for survival prediction in paraffin embedded tissue of non-small cell lung cancer.
Adenocarcinoma ; Autoradiography ; Carcinoma, Non-Small-Cell Lung* ; Cell Differentiation ; Cell Proliferation ; Cyclins ; Flow Cytometry ; Humans ; Immunohistochemistry ; Lung Neoplasms ; Neoplasms, Squamous Cell ; Nuclear Proteins ; Paraffin ; Prognosis ; Proliferating Cell Nuclear Antigen* ; Research Personnel ; S Phase ; Survival Rate* ; Thymidine

PURPOSE: This study was amied to identify the effects of a 12 week Korean traditional dance movement program on balance, depression, medical cost, medical institution's utilization and fall among elderly women. METHODS: Using a quasi-experimental design, the experimental group was composed of 130 subjects and the control group was composed of 123 subjects. The experimental group participated in a 12 week Korean traditional dance movement program 3 times a week from December 2002 to February 2003. Data was analyzed with descriptive statistics, the chi-square test, paired t-test and t-test. RESULTS: There was siginificant improvement in balance(right leg p=.000, left leg p=.004), depression(p=.000), and the medical institution's utilization(p=.001) and fall(p=.002) in the experimental group compared to the control group. CONCLUSION: A Korean traditional dance movement program improved balance, depression, and decreased fall and medical cost in elderly women. Therefore, we recommend this program be utilized as a health promoting program and falls preventing program for the elderly in the community.
*Musculoskeletal Equilibrium ; Middle Aged ; Korea ; Humans ; Female ; Depressive Disorder/*psychology ; *Dance Therapy ; Aged, 80 and over ; Aged ; Accidental Falls/*prevention & control

PURPOSE: Many studies from the past have indicated that women tend to have lower self- esteem than men. This cross-sectional study looks for this tendency in a medical school in Korea, where men are still thought to comprise much of a dominating force despite the current growth in number of female students in student body. Along with the cross-examination of possible gender difference in self-esteem, the significant and relevant factors will also be sought and discussed. METHODS: Questionnaires were obtained from 202 junior and senior students (125 male and 77 female students) in a medical school in Korea. Self-esteem was determined using the Rosenberg self-esteem scale (reliability = 86% in our study). Multiple regression analysis was used to determine gender difference in self-esteem and statistical relevance in each covariate. RESULTS: There was no statistically significant difference in self-esteem between male and female medical students. Significant factors related to self-esteem include school rank, physical attractiveness, and depression, among which of them, depression was the strongest. CONCLUSION: Innate limitation of cross-sectional studies and evaluation of selected junior and senior students of a single medical school could possibly explain for the absence of gender difference in self-esteem in this study. Academic achievement and physical attractiveness are shown to be positive factors for self-esteem, while depression puts negative force in one's self-esteem.
Cross-Sectional Studies ; Depression ; Female ; Humans ; Korea ; Male ; Schools, Medical ; Students, Medical* ; Surveys and Questionnaires

OBJECTIVE: To assess prosthetic use by upper extremity amputees, and their difficulties with prostheses in activities of daily living and occupations. METHOD: This study is based on a survey of 307 subjects, who were using prostheses manufactured in the Center of Prosthetics and Orthotics. The survey questionnaire included items about general demographic characteristics, side and level of amputation, type of prosthesis and its use, and difficulties in the activities of daily living, employment and driving. RESULTS: The most common type of prosthesis was the cosmetic hand type (80.2%). There were no statistically significant correlations between satisfaction with prosthesis and the amputation level or type of prosthesis. The most common difficulties in daily living activities experienced by amputees were lacing shoes, removing bottle-tops with a bottle opener, and using scissors. Only 7.3% of amputees received rehabilitation services. Less than half of the amputees (44.7%) used their prostheses for eight or more hours a day, and 76.9% used their prostheses for regular or irregular cosmetic purposes. After amputation, most of the respondents (69.0%) became unemployed or changed workplaces. CONCLUSION: In our study, respondents preferred cosmetic usage to functional usage. Only 30.0% of respondents reported satisfaction with their prostheses. Many of the amputees had difficulties in complex tasks and either changed jobs or became unemployed. Clerical workers were the occupation group, which was most likely to return to work. The development of a more functional prosthetic hand and additional rehabilitation services are required.
Activities of Daily Living ; Amputation ; Amputees ; Cosmetics ; Surveys and Questionnaires ; Employment ; Hand ; Humans ; Occupations ; Prostheses and Implants ; Return to Work ; Shoes ; Upper Extremity ; Surveys and Questionnaires

A 77-year-old woman was admitted with 5 days history of melena. She had an open cholecystectomy 30 years ago. Abdominal computed tomography and duodenoscopy revealed massive hemobilia. Angiography showed right hepatic arterial fistula to common bile duct near the surgical clip. Embolization was done successfully and the patient recovered. We experienced a case of a massive hemobilia which was occurred after a long period of time since open cholecystectomy without pseudoaneurysmal change of the right hepatic artery. And we suggest the direct vessel injury and fistula between the bile duct and a blood vessel as a possible cause of hemobilia in this case.
Aged ; Aneurysm, False ; Angiography ; Bile Ducts ; Blood Vessels ; Cholecystectomy* ; Common Bile Duct ; Duodenoscopy ; Female ; Fistula ; Hemobilia* ; Hepatic Artery ; Humans ; Melena ; Surgical Instruments

Ulcerative colitis is associated with various cutaneous manifestations such as erythema nodosum, pyoderma gangrenosum. Sweet's syndrome is a rare cutaneous manifestation of ulcerative colitis, and is characterized by tender, red inflammatory plaques or papules, usually affecting the upper limbs, face or neck. We experienced a 68-year-old man with ulcerative colitis who presented general weakness, multiple skin lesions and bloody loose stool. The skin lesions are erythematous, tender plaques on the face, and discrete ulcers with pustules on the extremities and back. The skin biopsy from the lesion on the chin revealed a dense inflammatory cell infiltration composed predominantly of neutrophils in the dermis without leucocytoclastic vasculitis. He was diagnosed as Sweet's syndrome and pyoderma gangrenosum associated with ulcerative colitis. After nine days of oral steroid and steroid enema therapy, the skin lesions and intestinal symptoms were improved markedly.
Aged ; Biopsy ; Chin ; Colitis, Ulcerative* ; Dermis ; Enema ; Erythema Nodosum ; Extremities ; Humans ; Neck ; Neutrophils ; Pyoderma Gangrenosum ; Skin ; Sweet Syndrome* ; Ulcer* ; Upper Extremity ; Vasculitis

Restless legs syndrome (RLS) is defined as the urge to move one's legs, accompanied by unpleasant sensations in one's limbs, and is typically more severe at night. Sleep hygiene measures should be recommended and all causes of secondary RLS such as iron deficiency and medications (antidepressants, antiemetics, antipsychotics, and antihistamines) should be excluded before pharmacological treatment of RLS is initiated. In view of evidence of their efficacy and tolerability, ropinorole, pramipexole, gabapentin, and oral iron should be considered as first-line treatments for RLS. Ropinirole and pramipexole are the only drugs approved for the treatment of RLS in Korea. Ropinirole is metabolized by cytochrome P450 1A2 in the liver. On the other hand, pramipexole is metabolized only to a minor degree, and urinary excretion is the major route of elimination; thus, doses of pramipexole should be reduced in patients with impaired renal functioning. Gabapentin, which is known to be effective for pain and sleep disturbances in patients with RLS, is also secreted unmodified by the kidneys. An oral iron supplement is recommended for patients with low normal serum ferritin levels (< or = 75 ng/mL). Levodopa, pergolide, cabergoline, valproic acid, carbamazepine, and IV iron dextran are classified as second-line treatments. Clonazepam, bupropion, and some opioids can also be used in patients with RLS. In conclusion, pharmacological treatment of RLS should be individualized according to the physical status of patients as well as their RLS symptoms, and augmentation should be carefully monitored when dopaminergic agents are used for long periods.
Amines ; Analgesics, Opioid ; Antiemetics ; Antipsychotic Agents ; Benzothiazoles ; Bupropion ; Carbamazepine ; Clonazepam ; Cyclohexanecarboxylic Acids ; Cytochrome P-450 CYP1A2 ; Dextrans ; Dopamine ; Dopamine Agents ; Ergolines ; Extremities ; Ferritins ; gamma-Aminobutyric Acid ; Hand ; Humans ; Hygiene ; Indoles ; Iron ; Kidney ; Korea ; Leg ; Levodopa ; Liver ; Pergolide ; Restless Legs Syndrome ; Sensation ; Valproic Acid

PURPOSE: The purpose of this study was to evaluate the clinical results of intraoperative periarticular injection for osteoarthritic patients who are treated with total knee arthroplasty (TKA). MATERIALS AND METHODS: Forty patients (2 males and 38 females) who underwent TKA under general anesthesia from January 2007 to May 2007 were enrolled in this study. We classified 20 cases to the injection group and 20 cases to the control group. For the injection group, we injected ropivacaine 40 mg, ketolocac tromethamine 2 mg, epinephrine 0.5 cc and morphine 0.8 cc to the periarticular soft tissue before inserting the prosthesis, and the same amount of saline was injected in the control group. We assessed the clinical results according to preoperative and postoperative range of motion (ROM), the visual analogue scale (VAS), and the dosage of the patient controlled anesthesia (PCA) in both groups. RESULTS: There was no significant difference in preoperative ROM and VAS between the groups (p>0.05). However, significant differences between the groups were reported for the postoperative ROM at 6 and 12 hour. In terms of the VAS, it showed significant differences between the groups at 6 and 12 hours and at the first and second days after operation. The dosage of PCA was significantly lower at postoperative 6 and 12 hours. CONCLUSION: For the patients treated with TKA, periarticular injection to the operation site is supposed to be an effective method at the early stage for recovery of the ROM, the postoperative pain control and to decrease of the PCA dosage.
Amides ; Anesthesia ; Anesthesia, General ; Arthroplasty ; Epinephrine ; Humans ; Knee ; Male ; Morphine ; Pain, Postoperative ; Passive Cutaneous Anaphylaxis ; Prostheses and Implants ; Range of Motion, Articular ; Tromethamine

A 49-year-old woman visited the clinic because of acute hepatitis and acute kidney injury with decreased urine output presenting microscopic hematuria and proteinuria. An abdominal computed tomography revealed a localized, hypoattenuated lesion in a hepatic lateral segment, and kidney biopsy showed oxalate crystal deposition with tubular necrosis. In addition, the patient's 24-hour urinary excretion of oxalate was increased. Her kidney and liver injury improved after sessions of hemodialysis, and urinary oxalate excretion was normalized. Major mutations in primary hyperoxaluria have not been proven. A full sequencing of target genes may be helpful to diagnose a rare form of primary hyperoxaluria.
Acute Kidney Injury ; Biopsy ; Female ; Hematuria ; Hepatitis ; Humans ; Hyperoxaluria* ; Hyperoxaluria, Primary ; Kidney* ; Liver* ; Middle Aged ; Necrosis ; Proteinuria ; Renal Dialysis