BACKGROUND: Many physiologic, pharmacologic and immunologic abnormalities were reported in atopic dermatitis but the cause and pathogenesis of the disease remain obscure. OBJECTIVE: This study was done to investigate the systemic immunologic abnormalities in atopic dermatitis. METHOD: To evaluate the cell mediated immunity, me quantified pei ipheral blood T lymphocytes and their subsets, using flow cytometery, and assessed plasma neopteiin levels by means of radioimmunoassay. To evaluate the abnormal humoral immunity, we assessed the serum IgE levels by means of enzyme-immunoassay. RESULTS: Mean proportions of peripheral blood T lymphocytes and, heir subsets in atopic Dermatitis patients were within normal limits. Hut the suppvessor/cytotoxic T lyrphocytes(T8) were significantly decreased in the group of se"ere atopic dermatitis compared with the group of mild atopic dermatitis(P<0.05). Plasma neopterin lervels in the group of atopic dermatitis were found to be significantly elevated as compared vith the control group(P<0.01), but no significant cifference was found between the mild and severe group of atcpic dermatitis(P>0.05). Mean serum IgE levels in the patients with atopic dermatitis were higher than reference value. But there was no significant difference between the mild and severe atopic dermatitis group. Serum IgE levels ivere negatiiely correlated with T8(r=-0.3774, P<0.05) and positively with T4/T8 ratio(r =0.5007, P<0.05). Conclusions : These data;uggest that the atopic der matitis has abr ormalities in cell mediated immunity as well as elevated IgE level.
Dermatitis, Atopic* ; Humans ; Immunity, Cellular ; Immunity, Humoral ; Immunoglobulin E ; Neopterin* ; Plasma* ; Radioimmunoassay ; Reference Values ; T-Lymphocyte Subsets* ; T-Lymphocytes

No abstract available.
Granular Cell Tumor*

No abstract available.
Deoxyglucose* ; Shock*

No abstract available.
Blood Flow Velocity* ; Fetus* ; Gases*

No abstract available.
Chloroquine* ; Edetic Acid* ; Glycine* ; Immunoglobulin G*

Retinoblastoma is a rare, congenital, malignant tumor that arises from the retina. It is the most common intraocular tumor occurring during childhood. Retinoblastoma usually remains unnoticed until it has advanced far enough to produce a white pupil. But it may manifest as a painful, red, tearing eye due to secondary glaucoma. The most common mechanism inducing secondary glaucoma in retinoblastoma is neovascularization of iris with peripheral anterior synechiae formation. The next common mechanism is massive exudative retinal detachment causing pupillary block and angle closure. Uveitis and/or necrotic tumor tissue in anterior chamber acn contribute to the development of secondary glaucoma. A 9 month old Korean boy was seen to have somewhat enlarged cornea with massive exudation in anterior chamber OS. Intraocular pressure was 27.4 mmHg OS. The C-T scan was done because of hazy media OS. and showed calcification within left eye. Left eye was enucleated and found to have retinoblastoma which was confirmed microscopically.
Anterior Chamber ; Cornea ; Glaucoma* ; Humans ; Infant ; Intraocular Pressure ; Iris ; Male ; Pupil ; Retina ; Retinal Detachment ; Retinoblastoma* ; Tears ; Uveitis

Dissociated horizontal deviation(DHD) is a rare type of dissociative strabismus. It dose not obey the Hering`s law of equal innervation and is expressed in associated with dissociated vertical deviation or asymmetrical nystagmus blockage syndrome. We observed 6 cases of DHD among the patients with refractive accommodative esotropia associated with amblyopia. The mean age of the patients was 3.6 years and the average refractive error was +5.35D in the dominant eyes and +6.29D in the amblyopic eyes. The average visual acuity was 0.38 with the dominant eyes and 0.17 with the amblyopic eyes. The average angle of deviation was 40.0delta with fixation in the dominant eyes and 24.3delta in the amblyopic eyes. The authors speculate that this difference of angle deviation was caused by the weaker accommodative convergence at the time of fixation by the amblyopic eye that appeared to have decreased accommodative amplitudes.
Amblyopia* ; Esotropia* ; Humans ; Jurisprudence ; Refractive Errors ; Strabismus ; Visual Acuity

BACKGROUND/AIMS: Entecavir is a synthetic nucleoside analogue, cyclopentyl guanine nucleoside, which has a potent antiviral effect and the least viral breakthrough in hepatitis B virus (HBV) replication. Entecavir has been available in Korea since 2007 but there are few reports on its effects. The aim of this study was to evaluate the virological response (VR) and biochemical response (BR) to entecavir in HBV patients at 3, 6 and 9 months after treatment with entecavir. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Thirty-three chronic hepatitis B patients who took entecavir for at least 9 months were enrolled. We investigated VR and BR by retrospectively reviewing medical records. Patients who satisfied the following criteria were chosen: 1) initial alanine aminotransferase (ALT) levels = 1.5upper limit of normal (ULN) and 2) initial HBV DNA levels = 5 log10 copies/ml. We measured ALT levels every 3 months until month 9. HBV DNA was measured every 2 or 3 months by polymerase chain reaction (PCR) method. RESULTS: Most patients taking entecavir showed good BR (ALT < 40 IU/L). The BR rates were 61%, 73% and 67% at months 3, 6 and 9, respectively. VR (HBV DNA < 5 log(10) copies/ml or 2 log lower than initial HBV DNA) rates were 82%, 91% and 91% at months 3, 6 and 9, respectively. Undetectable HBV DNA (HBV DNA < 4 log(10) copies/ml) rates were 49%, 73% and 85% at months 3, 6 and 9, respectively. Two patients presented with virological breakthrough without adverse effects until month 9. CONCLUSIONS: Entecavir showed good BR and VR from month 3 and these effects continued through the 9-month observation period. This suggests that entecavir is also a good choice for the first line treatment of chronic hepatitis B (CHB). Further studies are needed to determine the long-term efficacy and drug resistance of entecavir in Korean CHB patients.
Alanine Transaminase ; DNA ; Drug Resistance ; Guanine ; Hepatitis B virus ; Hepatitis B, Chronic ; Hepatitis, Chronic ; Humans ; Korea ; Medical Records ; Polymerase Chain Reaction ; Retrospective Studies

Local anesthesia in strabismus surgery allows for the evaluation of ocular alignment during the operation and enables early postoperative recovery.However, extraocular muscle traction results in decreased heart rate and discomfort for the patient. Therefore, it is our attempt to reveal the degree of of decreased heart rate during extraocular muscle traction and the patient`s pain perception. This was done prospectively on personalities of the patient, preoperative heart rate in the operating room, change of heart rate and pain perception of the patient during surgery. The statistically significant decrease in heart rate due to the ocular cardiac reflex occurs during medial rectus resection, lateral rectus recession, and leads to less satisfaction in the anxious patients. Strabismus surgery under topical anesthesia does not decrease the heart rate significantly, therefore it is relatively safe and the patient`s personality was influence on the intraoperative pain perception of the patients.
Anesthesia* ; Anesthesia, Local ; Heart Rate ; Humans ; Operating Rooms ; Pain Perception ; Prospective Studies ; Reflex ; Reflex, Oculocardiac ; Strabismus* ; Traction

PURPOSE: Objectives of the study is to examine the effectiveness of aromatherapy massage among middle aged women with abdominal obesity. METHOD: AB/BA crossover design of random blind assignment was applied. Aromatherapy and placebo massage were given to Group(A), Group(B), each groups applied each massages for 2weeks alternatively. Weight, abdominal circumference and appetite were compared for results check among the subjects. RESULT: The apparent effectiveness of Aromatherapy Massage in reducing weight, abdominal circumference and appetite was noted. CONCLUSION: On the basis of results, they strongly support the facts of reduction of abdominal obesity by applying aromatherapy massage for middle aged women.