Purpose: Childhood obesity has become a social problem due to the social distancing necessitated by the coronavirus disease 2019 pandemic. This study aimed to identify the dietary problems of obese children through various dietary assessment methods and to confirm the usefulness of each method. Methods: The subjects were 88 students in the 4th to 6th grade of elementary school who participated in the nutrition camp organised by the Busan Metropolitan Office of Education, 2020. To evaluate dietary problems and assess diet quality, 24-hour meal records, monthly food intake frequency, and Dietary Screening Test (DST) data were analyzed. Results: Of the subjects, 15.7%, 30.3%, and 53.9% were normal weight, overweight, and obese, respectively. The average age was 11.77 ± 0.77 years and the average body mass index was 23.96 ± 3.01 kg/m 2 . It was observed from the 24-hour meal record method that the overweight and obese subject groups consumed fewer green vegetables (p < 0.001) and white vegetables (p < 0.01) than the normal weight group. In the monthly food intake frequency method, the consumption of ramen (p < 0.01), snacks (p < 0.05), and sausages (p < 0.05) were high in the obese group, and that of anchovies, broccoli, and sweet pumpkin was high in the normal group (p < 0.05). The comparative data from the DST revealed that the overweight and obese groups had less vegetable intake than the normal weight group (p < 0.01) and had higher intakes of dairy products, fast food, and sweet snacks (p < 0.05). Conclusion The usefulness of each method in the dietary evaluation of obese children was confirmed. To address the problem of obesity, it is necessary to evaluate the dietary problem and approach it with a customized solution tailor-made for the individual subject.

No abstract available.
Adult ; Anemia, Hemolytic/diagnosis/*etiology/therapy ; Colic/diagnosis/*etiology/therapy ; Drug Contamination ; Drugs, Chinese Herbal/*adverse effects ; Female ; Humans ; Lead Poisoning/diagnosis/*etiology/therapy ; Risk Factors ; Treatment Outcome

PURPOSE: Allergic rhinitis (AR) is regarded as a risk factor for asthma and bronchial hyperresponsiveness (BHR) is frequently observed in patients with AR. The purpose of this study is to analyze the characteristics of AR patients with BHR and identify factors that contribute to the incidence of BHR. METHODS: The medical records of a total of 176 children with AR were analyzed retrospectively. All patients were evaluated by performing spirometry and a methacholine challenge test. RESULTS: One hundred and fifty-five patients (88%) were classified as the BHR-negative group and 21 patients (12%) were classified as the BHR-positive group. Forced expiratory flow between 25% and 75% of vital capacity (FEF25-75 %predicted) was reduced, and total eosinphil counts, total immunoglobulin E (IgE) level, and serum specific IgE levels of Dermatophagoides pteronyssinus and Dermatophagoides farinae were higher in the BHR-positive group compared to the BHR-negative group. However, FEF25-75 was the only statistically significant predictor for the presence of BHR on multivariate logistic regression analysis. The cutoff value to distinguish BHR-positive subjects obtained from a receiver operating characteristics curve of FEF25-75 was 88.4%. A higher frequency of BHR was found in the group with a FEF25-75 less than 88.4%, and the sensitivity, specificity, positive predictive value and negative predictive value were 57.1%, 80.6%, 28.6%, and 93.3%, respectively. CONCLUSION: Reduced FEF25-75 values in children with AR can be helpful in predicting BHR. Children with low FEF25-75 in spirometric tests should be followed closely for apparent onset of clinical symptoms of asthma.
Asthma ; Child ; Dermatophagoides farinae ; Dermatophagoides pteronyssinus ; Humans ; Immunoglobulin E ; Immunoglobulins ; Incidence ; Logistic Models ; Medical Records ; Methacholine Chloride ; Retrospective Studies ; Rhinitis ; Rhinitis, Allergic, Perennial ; Risk Factors ; ROC Curve ; Spirometry ; Vital Capacity

BACKGROUND: Thrombocytopenia has been shown to be a useful predictor of mortality in adult intensive care units (ICUs). The aim of this study is to assess whether the level of platelet count at ICU admission and the changes in platelet counts can predict mortality in the pediatric ICU (PICU). METHODS: Platelet counts were checked daily for at least 4 days in a total of 303 children who were admitted to the ICU. We compared the initial platelet counts and changes in platelet counts between survivors and non-survivors. A multivariable logistic regression model, a receiver operating characteristic curve and a linear mixed model were used. RESULTS: The initial platelet count was significantly lower in non-survivors when compared to survivors. Multivariate analysis demonstrated that platelet count <120 x 10(9)/L (Odds ratio, 4.913; 95% confidence interval 2.451-9.851; p < 0.0001) was an independent predictor of mortality. In the case of children with thrombocytopenia (<120 x 10(9)/L) at admission to the ICU, the platelet counts increased serially in survivors, whereas non-survivors maintained their decreased platelet counts. In the case of children without thrombocytopenia, the platelet counts decreased most on day 3 in non-survivors. CONCLUSIONS: At admission to the ICU, thrombocytopenia defined as a platelet count <120 x 10(9)/L can be a useful predictor of mortality in children. In children who had initial thrombocytopenia, the serial increase of platelet counts can be related to increased survival, whereas in children who did not have initial thrombocytopenia, more than a 10% decrease of platelet counts on day 3 can be related to mortality.
Adult ; Blood Platelets ; Child ; Humans ; Intensive Care Units ; Intensive Care Units, Pediatric ; Logistic Models ; Multivariate Analysis ; Platelet Count ; Prognosis ; ROC Curve ; Survivors ; Thrombocytopenia

Esophageal candidiasis is the most common disease among all candida infections of the gastrointestinal tract, and generally develops in immunocompromised patients. The prevalence of esophageal candidiasis has increased in patients undergoing antibiotic therapy, diabetes, adrenal dysfunction, alcohol intoxication, old age, esophageal injury, esophageal stasis, gastric surgery, and acid suppressive therapy. However, the overall prevalence is not higher than that of immunocompromised patients. Gastric candidiasis is uncommon because of the strong acidity of the gastric juices. The most common clinical setting for gastric candidiasis is in patients with neoplastic disease. However, there are some case reports suggesting an increase in the prevalence of gastric candidiasis after gastric ulcer therapy with surgery or acid suppressive agents. Delayed gastric emptying, increased intragastric pH, and reflux of the duodenal contents into the stomach are factors indicative of the pathophysiology of gastric candidiasis after gastric surgery. We encountered a case of aggravated esophageal candidiasis and the formation of a gastric yeast bezoar following a gastric outlet obstruction due to a duodenal stenosis. We herein report this case along with an overview of the relevant literature.
Bezoars* ; Candida ; Candidiasis* ; Constriction, Pathologic* ; Gastric Emptying ; Gastric Juice ; Gastric Outlet Obstruction* ; Gastrointestinal Tract ; Gastroparesis ; Humans ; Hydrogen-Ion Concentration ; Immunocompromised Host ; Prevalence ; Stomach ; Stomach Ulcer ; Yeasts*

Pulmonary mucoepidermoid carcinoma (MEC) is a rare form of lung cancer that originates from submucosal glands of tracheobronchial tree. Unlike low-grade tumor with benign nature, high-grade case is even rarer and has aggressive clinical features with no definite treatment option. Here, we report a case of high-grade pulmonary MEC with fulminant clinical course. A 74-year-old man presented with cough, sputum and mental change. Chest imaging showed massive mediastinal lymphadenopathy with obstructive pneumonia, and multiple metastases in lung and adrenal gland. Bronchoscopy showed polypoid masses obstructing right main bronchus and bronchus intermedius. Histopathology revealed a mixture of glandular structure lined with mucussecreting cells and nests of squamoid cells with nuclear atypia and pleomorphism, which is compatible with high-grade MEC. We intensively treated the patient with combination antibiotics and ventilator care. However, the patient did not respond to the treatment and rapidly deteriorated, and finally expired a month after diagnosis.
Adrenal Glands ; Aged ; Anti-Bacterial Agents ; Bronchi ; Bronchoscopy ; Carcinoma, Mucoepidermoid* ; Cough ; Diagnosis ; Humans ; Lung ; Lung Neoplasms ; Lymphatic Diseases ; Neoplasm Metastasis ; Pneumonia ; Sputum ; Thorax ; Ventilators, Mechanical

BACKGROUND: About more than 70% of Staphylococcus aureus isolates in tertiary-care hospitals are known to be resistant to methicillin in Korea. But the prevalence of methicillin-resistant S. aureus (MRSA) in the community and non-tertiary hospitals has not been known yet. The aim of this study was to determine the prevalence of resistance among S. aureus isolates in non-tertiary hospitals. METHODS: The isolates were collected at one laboratory center from August 1998 to May 1999. Antimicrobial susceptibility tests against 11 antibiotics were performed by disk diffusion method. Minimum inhibitory concentrations (MIC) for oxacillin and vancomycin were determined by microbroth dilution method. The mecA gene was detected by polymerase chain reaction. The medical facilities which sent specimen to the laboratory were classified into 3 groups; clinic, hospital and general hospital. RESULTS: Of total 469 S. aureus isolates, 296 (63.1%) were from pus, 47 (10.0%) from sputum, 23 (5.0%) from urine, and 22 (4.6%) from blood. Overall prevalence of MRSA in non-tertiary hospital was 43.5% (204/469). Among 3 hospital groups, MRSA in general hospitals (55%) was significantly more prevalent than in hospitals (40%) or clinics (37%). MICs of oxacillin against MRSA isolated from pus and blood ranged from 8 to > or =256 microgram/mL, but 74% (83 isolates) of them was > or =256 microgram/mL. MICs of vancomycin were distributed from 1 to 2 microgram/mL, irrespective of methicillin resistance or hospital groups. The mecA gene was detected in all of methicillin-resistant isolates with MICs of < or =128 microgram/mL. CONCLUSION: In non-tertiary hospitals, 43% of S. aureus isolates were methicillin resistant. This result showed that MRSA in non-tertary hospitals was less prevalent than in tertiary hospitals.
Anti-Bacterial Agents ; Diffusion ; Drug Resistance, Microbial* ; Hospitals, General ; Humans ; Korea ; Methicillin ; Methicillin Resistance ; Methicillin-Resistant Staphylococcus aureus ; Microbial Sensitivity Tests ; Oxacillin ; Polymerase Chain Reaction ; Prevalence ; Sputum ; Staphylococcus aureus* ; Staphylococcus* ; Suppuration ; Tertiary Care Centers ; Vancomycin

A case of Diphyllobothrium latum infection in a 49-year old man is described, and diphyllobothriasis latum in the Republic of Korea is briefly reviewed. An incomplete strobila of a tapeworm, 95 cm in length, without scolex and neck, was spontaneously discharged in the feces of a patient. On the basis of morphologic characteristics of the worm and eggs, the worm was identified as D. latum. The patient was successfully treated with a single dose (15 mg/kg) of praziquantel. The most probable source of infection was salmon flesh according to the past history of the patient. The first case of D. latum infection was documented in 1971, and this is the 43rd recorded case in the Republic of Korea. The 43 cases were briefly reviewed. The patients' main complaints were gastrointestinal troubles, such as mild abdominal pain, indigestion, and diarrhea, and discharge of tapeworm segments in the feces. The suspected infection sources included raw or improperly cooked flesh of fresh or brackish water fish, including the perch, mullet, salmon, and trout.
Animals ; Anthelmintics/therapeutic use ; Diphyllobothriasis/drug therapy/*epidemiology/*parasitology ; Diphyllobothrium/anatomy & histology/*isolation & purification/pathogenicity ; Feces/parasitology ; Humans ; Korea/epidemiology ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Praziquantel/therapeutic use ; Treatment Outcome

Dieulafoy's lesion (DL) is an uncommon but important cause of massive upper gastrointestinal bleeding that has been reported to be involved in 0.3~6.7% of cases of major gastrointestinal bleeding. The lesion usually occurs in the lesser curvature of the stomach within 6 cm of the gastroesophageal junction. Similar lesions have also been observed in the esophagus, duodenum, small intestine, colon, and rectum. Most DLs encountered in the duodenum occur in the bulb. Recently, with the advances in endoscopic techniques, the successful management of DL has been achieved through the application of a hemoclip or elastic band ligation. In particular, the application of a hemoclip is considered to be a safe and effective treatment for DL located on a relatively narrow and thin walled canal such as the duodenum. We report the successful application of endoscopic hemoclipping for the treatment of a rare Dieulafoy-like lesion on a hyperplastic polyp in the 2nd portion of the duodenum.
Colon ; Duodenum* ; Esophagogastric Junction ; Esophagus ; Hemorrhage ; Intestine, Small ; Ligation ; Polyps* ; Rectum ; Stomach

Objectives: An accurate and easy-to-identify form is needed for the early evaluation of suicidal ideation in high-risk patients. Therefore, this study examined the validity and reliability of a Korean version of the Ultra-Short Suicidal Ideation Scale (K-USSIS). Methods: A total of 161 psychiatric university-affiliated general hospital patients completed the K-USSIS. The data were analyzed using correlation, internal consistency, and confirmatory factor analyses. Results: First, the scale had good internal consistency with a Cronbach’s α of 0.94. Second, the confirmatory factor analysis demonstrated that the single-factor model had a reasonable fit (comparative fit index=0.99, Tucker–Lewis index=0.98, standardized root mean squared residual=0.01, and root mean square error of approximation=0.10). Finally, the convergent validity analysis revealed a significant positive correlation with depression, anxiety, and hopelessness. Conclusion The findings suggest that the K-USSIS has good psychometric properties and can serve as a valuable tool for screening for suicidal ideation to ensure early intervention in Korean psychiatric patients.