BACKGROUND: Cancer invasion is a critical factor for survival and prognosis of patients with cancer. Identifying and targeting factors that influence cancer invasion are an important strategy to overcome cancer. In this study, we investigated the role of fascin known to be associated with cancer invasion. METHODS: Fascin depletion was performed with lentiviral short hairpin RNA against fascin mRNA and stable cell line (Fascin(dep)) was established. Matrigel-Transwell invasion and three-dimensional (3D) culture system were used to observe fascin depletion effects. In order to observe the changes of protease secretion by fascin depleted cancer cells, protease antibody array was performed. RESULTS: Fascin was highly expressed in invasive cancer cells. Fascin-depleted cells showed decreased cancer invasion in Matrigel-Transwell invasion and 3D culture system. In addition, inhibition of proteases secreation and decrease of intracellular proteases mRNA expression were observed in fascin deplete cells. CONCLUSIONS: These results indicates that fascin is closely involved in proteases activity and cancer invasion. Therefore, fascin is a strategically important factor for controlling cancer invasion.
Cell Line ; Gene Silencing ; Head and Neck Neoplasms ; Humans ; Metalloproteases ; Mouth Neoplasms ; Peptide Hydrolases ; Prognosis ; RNA, Messenger ; RNA, Small Interfering ; Tumor Microenvironment

Background: Preconditioning with inflammatory stimuli is used to improve the secretion of anti-inflammatory agents in stem cells from variant species such as mouse, human, and dog. However, there are only few studies on feline stem cells. Objectives: This study aimed to evaluate the immune regulatory capacity of feline adipose tissue-derived (fAT) mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) pretreated with interferon-gamma (IFN-γ). Methods: To assess the interaction of lymphocytes and macrophages with IFN-γ-pretreated fAT-MSCs, mouse splenocytes and RAW 264.7 cells were cultured with the conditioned media from IFN-γ-pretreated MSCs. Results: Pretreatment with IFN-γ increased the gene expression levels of cyclooxygenase-2, indoleamine 2,3-dioxygenase, hepatocyte growth factor, and transforming growth factorbeta 1 in the MSCs. The conditioned media from IFN-γ-pretreated MSCs increased the expression levels of M2 macrophage markers and regulatory T-cell markers compared to those in the conditioned media from naive MSCs. Further, prostaglandin E 2 (PGE 2 ) inhibitor NS-398 attenuated the immunoregulatory potential of MSCs, suggesting that the increased PGE 2 levels induced by IFN-γ stimulation is a crucial factor in the immune regulatory capacity of MSCs pretreated with IFN-γ. Conclusions IFN-γ pretreatment improves the immune regulatory profile of fAT-MSCs mainly via the secretion of PGE 2 , which induces macrophage polarization and increases regulatory T-cell numbers.

Background: Preconditioning with inflammatory stimuli is used to improve the secretion of anti-inflammatory agents in stem cells from variant species such as mouse, human, and dog. However, there are only few studies on feline stem cells. Objectives: This study aimed to evaluate the immune regulatory capacity of feline adipose tissue-derived (fAT) mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) pretreated with interferon-gamma (IFN-γ). Methods: To assess the interaction of lymphocytes and macrophages with IFN-γ-pretreated fAT-MSCs, mouse splenocytes and RAW 264.7 cells were cultured with the conditioned media from IFN-γ-pretreated MSCs. Results: Pretreatment with IFN-γ increased the gene expression levels of cyclooxygenase-2, indoleamine 2,3-dioxygenase, hepatocyte growth factor, and transforming growth factorbeta 1 in the MSCs. The conditioned media from IFN-γ-pretreated MSCs increased the expression levels of M2 macrophage markers and regulatory T-cell markers compared to those in the conditioned media from naive MSCs. Further, prostaglandin E 2 (PGE 2 ) inhibitor NS-398 attenuated the immunoregulatory potential of MSCs, suggesting that the increased PGE 2 levels induced by IFN-γ stimulation is a crucial factor in the immune regulatory capacity of MSCs pretreated with IFN-γ. Conclusions IFN-γ pretreatment improves the immune regulatory profile of fAT-MSCs mainly via the secretion of PGE 2 , which induces macrophage polarization and increases regulatory T-cell numbers.

PURPOSE: Although the role of the estrogen receptor alpha (ER alpha, previously called the estrogen receptor) in breast cancer is well established, that of the second human estrogen receptor (ER), estrogen receptor beta (ER beta), remains uncertain. The expression of cyclooxygenase II (COX II) could also be regulated by sex steroids such as estrogen and progesterone. To investigate whether the expressions of the ER beta, ER alpha, and COX II are elevated in more aggressive breast cancers, the expression of the ER beta was studied by immunohistochemical staining in 20 primary breast cancer and original breast cancer tissues from 20 recurrent cancer patients, and its associations with ER alpha and cyclooxygenase (COX) II were evaluated. METHODS: Paraffin tissue sections from 40 breast cancers, surgically excised at the Department of Surgery, the Catholic University of Korea. were obtained. The immunohistochemical analysis was conducted on 20 non-recurrent, and 20 recurrent primary breast cancer tissues, using polyclonal antibodies to ER beta, ER alpha, and the corresponding monoclonal antibodies to COX II. RESULTS: Of the 40 patients, 15 (37.5%) were ER beta-positive, 30 (75%) were ER alpha-positive, and 24 (60%) were COX II-positive. The ER bata status was not related to the tumor size or menopausal status, but was related to the nodal status. The stati of ER alpha and COX II were not related to other clinico-pathological factors. The ER beta positivity was significantly more frequent in the study than the control group. (ER beta, p = 0.0222; ER alpha p = 0.1441; COX II, p = 1.00) The presence of ER beta was significantly related to the expression of ER alpha and COX II (p = 0.0455, p = 0.0381, respectively). CONCLUSION: These results suggest that the expression of ER beta is associated with early recurrence in breast cancer and the expression of COX II in the presence of ER beta implies the possibility of prognostic significance.
Antibodies ; Antibodies, Monoclonal ; Breast Neoplasms* ; Breast* ; Estrogen Receptor alpha* ; Estrogen Receptor beta* ; Estrogens* ; Humans ; Korea ; Paraffin ; Progesterone ; Prostaglandin-Endoperoxide Synthases* ; Recurrence ; Steroids

PURPOSE: Although the role of the estrogen receptor alpha (ER alpha, previously called the estrogen receptor) in breast cancer is well established, that of the second human estrogen receptor (ER), estrogen receptor beta (ER beta), remains uncertain. The expression of cyclooxygenase II (COX II) could also be regulated by sex steroids such as estrogen and progesterone. To investigate whether the expressions of the ER beta, ER alpha, and COX II are elevated in more aggressive breast cancers, the expression of the ER beta was studied by immunohistochemical staining in 20 primary breast cancer and original breast cancer tissues from 20 recurrent cancer patients, and its associations with ER alpha and cyclooxygenase (COX) II were evaluated. METHODS: Paraffin tissue sections from 40 breast cancers, surgically excised at the Department of Surgery, the Catholic University of Korea. were obtained. The immunohistochemical analysis was conducted on 20 non-recurrent, and 20 recurrent primary breast cancer tissues, using polyclonal antibodies to ER beta, ER alpha, and the corresponding monoclonal antibodies to COX II. RESULTS: Of the 40 patients, 15 (37.5%) were ER beta-positive, 30 (75%) were ER alpha-positive, and 24 (60%) were COX II-positive. The ER bata status was not related to the tumor size or menopausal status, but was related to the nodal status. The stati of ER alpha and COX II were not related to other clinico-pathological factors. The ER beta positivity was significantly more frequent in the study than the control group. (ER beta, p = 0.0222; ER alpha p = 0.1441; COX II, p = 1.00) The presence of ER beta was significantly related to the expression of ER alpha and COX II (p = 0.0455, p = 0.0381, respectively). CONCLUSION: These results suggest that the expression of ER beta is associated with early recurrence in breast cancer and the expression of COX II in the presence of ER beta implies the possibility of prognostic significance.
Antibodies ; Antibodies, Monoclonal ; Breast Neoplasms* ; Breast* ; Estrogen Receptor alpha* ; Estrogen Receptor beta* ; Estrogens* ; Humans ; Korea ; Paraffin ; Progesterone ; Prostaglandin-Endoperoxide Synthases* ; Recurrence ; Steroids