No abstract available.
Achondroplasia* ; Humans ; Hydrocephalus*

Diagnostic radiologic studies for angiosarcoma are usually non-specific, but selective angiography is notablyexceptional, and there had been a few reports of CT or US featurs of hepatic or splenic angiosarcoma. We recentlyexperienced a case of hepatic and splenic angiosarcoma demonstrated by CT, US and selective angiogram in34-year0old man.
Angiography ; Hemangiosarcoma

A fluorescence bronchoscope system has been developed for detecting early lung cancer including dysplasia and carcinoma in situ. To determine the histologic findings and genetic alterations of the lung tissues, which were biopsied by the fluorescence bronchoscope, we analyzed 104 specimens from 62 heavy smokers for their histopathology, cell proliferation index, and genetic mutations of p53 and K-ras. We used immunohistochemistry for MIB-1 and p53, and PCR-SSCP and direct DNA sequencing for p53 and K-ras. The histology was variable from reactive conditions to invasive cancers, and consisted of basal cell hyperplasia (26.9%), dysplasia (4.8%), carcinoma in situ (1.9%), squamous cell carcinoma (7.7%), adenocarcinoma (4.8%), and small cell carcinoma (10.6%). The cellular proliferation index of the lesions increased as their aggressiveness increased. p53 and K-ras mutations were detected in 33.7% and 14.4% of all tissues, respectively. In dysplasia, p53 and K-ras mutations were observed in 3 of 5 and in 2 of 5 tissues, respectively. However, these genetic alterations were not found in carcinoma in situ. Interestingly, 28.6% of basal cell hyperplasia showed p53 mutations. In conclusion, these data suggest that the biopsy specimens using fluorescence bronchoscopy show variable histologic findings, ranging from reactive conditions to invasive cancers. In addition, some of the dysplastic lesions are related to p53 and K-ras mutations, although these genetic alterations are also seen in basal cell hyperplasia.
Adenocarcinoma ; Biopsy* ; Bronchoscopes ; Bronchoscopy* ; Carcinoma in Situ ; Carcinoma, Small Cell ; Carcinoma, Squamous Cell ; Cell Proliferation ; Fluorescence* ; Hyperplasia ; Immunohistochemistry ; Lung ; Lung Neoplasms ; Sequence Analysis, DNA

Effects of nitroglycerin (NTC), adenosine triphosphate (ATP) and sodium nitroprusside (SNP) on the hemodynamic and blood gas analysis changes epinephrine (EPI) infusion is air embolized cats were investigated. Under the general anesthesia with pentobarbital and vecuronium cats were given 2~2.5 ml/kg of air via internal jugular vein and were resuscitated with EPI bolus injection. Thirty two cats were divided into 4 groups of 8 each. Each 4 groups, were administered saline (group1), NTG (group 2), ATP (group 3) and SNP (group 4) with EPI continuous infusion, respectively. The air shadow in the heart of cats was visualized C-arm image intensifier throught the study and all three vasodilators augmented the removal of air from the heart on C-arm image. All three vasodilators therapy groups produced statistically significant decrease in rate pressure product (p<0.05) but only NTG therapy group decreased heart rate (p<0.05). Central venous pressure were decreased in all three vasodilators therapy groups but only NTG therapy group was statistically significant (p<0.05). Only NTG therapy group increased both arterial (p<0.05) and venous oxgenation. These results indicate that NTG therapy group produced more prominant hemodynamic and blood oxygenation improvement than the other three groups. It is concluded that NTG with vasopressor therapy coude be recommended in venous air embolism.
Adenosine Triphosphate* ; Adenosine* ; Anesthesia, General ; Animals ; Blood Gas Analysis* ; Cats* ; Central Venous Pressure ; Embolism, Air ; Epinephrine* ; Heart ; Heart Rate ; Hemodynamics* ; Jugular Veins ; Nitroglycerin ; Nitroprusside* ; Oxygen ; Pentobarbital ; Sodium* ; Vasodilator Agents ; Vecuronium Bromide

Effects of nitroglycerin (NTC), adenosine triphosphate (ATP) and sodium nitroprusside (SNP) on the hemodynamic and blood gas analysis changes epinephrine (EPI) infusion is air embolized cats were investigated. Under the general anesthesia with pentobarbital and vecuronium cats were given 2~2.5 ml/kg of air via internal jugular vein and were resuscitated with EPI bolus injection. Thirty two cats were divided into 4 groups of 8 each. Each 4 groups, were administered saline (group1), NTG (group 2), ATP (group 3) and SNP (group 4) with EPI continuous infusion, respectively. The air shadow in the heart of cats was visualized C-arm image intensifier throught the study and all three vasodilators augmented the removal of air from the heart on C-arm image. All three vasodilators therapy groups produced statistically significant decrease in rate pressure product (p<0.05) but only NTG therapy group decreased heart rate (p<0.05). Central venous pressure were decreased in all three vasodilators therapy groups but only NTG therapy group was statistically significant (p<0.05). Only NTG therapy group increased both arterial (p<0.05) and venous oxgenation. These results indicate that NTG therapy group produced more prominant hemodynamic and blood oxygenation improvement than the other three groups. It is concluded that NTG with vasopressor therapy coude be recommended in venous air embolism.
Adenosine Triphosphate* ; Adenosine* ; Anesthesia, General ; Animals ; Blood Gas Analysis* ; Cats* ; Central Venous Pressure ; Embolism, Air ; Epinephrine* ; Heart ; Heart Rate ; Hemodynamics* ; Jugular Veins ; Nitroglycerin ; Nitroprusside* ; Oxygen ; Pentobarbital ; Sodium* ; Vasodilator Agents ; Vecuronium Bromide

Backgrounds: Evaluating quality of life (QoL) in people with dementia has become increasingly valued, especially in assessing the effectiveness of interventions or making treatment decisions. However, limited information exists regarding dementia patients' QoL in Korea. The aim of our investigation was to determine if the severity of dementia could affect the QoL of patients with dementia and the relationship between QoL score and the scores of other cognitive domains, especially, the attention. METHODS: Two hundred and sixty eight subjects with varying degree of cognitive dysfunction underwent assessment of Korean-Mini Mental Status Examination (K-MMSE), digit span, trail making test (TMT), Korean-Instrumental Activity Daily Living (K-IADL), Geriatric Depression Scale (GDS), Clinical Dementia Rating Scale (CDR), attention and their QoL using standardized neuropsychological tests and questionnaires. We administered the QoL in Alzheimer's disease (QoL-AD) scale and attention questionnaire to the subjects. RESULTS: QoL-AD score had a positive correlation with K-MMSE score (r=0.38, p<0.0001) while it showed a negative correlation with GDS (r=-0.62 p<0.0001). QoL-AD score also showed a significant correlation with attention status of the patients with dementia (r=0.48, p<0.0001). QoL-AD score for patient appeared to be affected by educational factors. CONCLUSIONS: QoL-AD may be used as an effective tool to assess QoL as well as cognitive functions of patients with varying degree of dementia.
Alzheimer Disease ; Dementia ; Depression ; Humans ; Korea ; Neuropsychological Tests ; Quality of Life ; Surveys and Questionnaires ; Trail Making Test

BACKGROUND: Wake-up tests may be necessary during surgery for kypho-scoliosis to ensure that spinal function remains intact. It is difficult to predict the time when patients can respond to a verbal command. We evaluated the effectiveness of the bispectral index (BIS) and its relation to patients' levels of consciousness in wake-up tests during desflurane and sevoflurane anesthesia. METHODS: Eighteen patients each were enrolled in the desflurane and sevoflurane groups for spinal correction surgery. We measured BIS values, blood pressure, heart rate, and consciousness state and time, at the points when patients responded during the wake-up test. RESULTS: The BIS values when patients made fists upon a verbal command (T3) were 86.7 +/- 7.5 for desflurane and 90.3 +/- 5.4 for sevoflurane. Patients in the desflurane group had significantly shorter wake up delays than those in the sevoflurane group (6.9 +/- 1.8 min vs. 11.8 +/- 3.6 min). However, there was no difference between the groups in the time between the response to a verbal command and the time when a patient moved their toes in response to verbal commands. No recall of the wake-up tests occurred in either group. CONCLUSIONS: The values obtained using the BIS index could to some extent predict the time of a patient's and would be informative during desflurane and sevoflurane anesthesia. Moreover, desflurane permitted faster responses to verbal commands than sevoflurane, and allowed the wake-up test to be performed sooner.
Anesthesia ; Blood Pressure ; Consciousness ; Dietary Sucrose ; Heart Rate ; Humans ; Isoflurane ; Methyl Ethers ; Toes

Anticipatory dementia is related to anxiety, which is a clinical predictor of early conversion to Alzheimer's disease. The Fear of Alzheimer's Disease Scale (FADS) is a reliable and valid instrument to address anticipatory dementia. The aim of the present investigation was to develop the Korean version of the Fear of Alzheimer's Disease Scale (K-FADS) and to verify its reliability and validity. We developed the K-FADS to consist of 30 items with total scores ranging from 0 to 120, as in the original FADS. One hundred eight healthy volunteer participants, drawn from 3 different university hospitals, were evaluated. The K-FADS revealed good reliability (Cronbach alpha=0.96) and good validity as compared to the Korean version of the State-Trait Anxiety Inventory Form (r=0.242, P=0.013). Test-retest reliability was excellent, as the intra-class correlation coefficient comparing the retest to test was 0.98 (95% confidence interval, 0.96-0.99). Our results show that the K-FADS is a suitable and valuable scale to assess anticipatory dementia in elderly Koreans.
Aged ; Aged, 80 and over ; Alzheimer Disease/*diagnosis ; *Anticipation, Psychological ; Anxiety ; Asian Continental Ancestry Group ; Dementia/*diagnosis ; Demography ; Fear ; Female ; Hospitals, University ; Humans ; Internal-External Control ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Questionnaires ; Republic of Korea ; Translations

BACKGROUND: The purpose of this study is to analyze the cost for the denture treatment in accordance with the government's plan to expand the National Health Insurance coverage for dental prothesis from July 1, 2012. METHODS: We developed the draft of classification of the treatment activities based on the existing researches and expert's review and finalized the standard procedures through confirming by Korean Dental Association. We also made the list of input at each stage of treatments. We conducted survey of 100 dental clinics via post from April 4 to May 20 in 2011 and 37 clinics took part in the survey. The unit of cost calculation is the process from the first visit for denture treatment to setting of denture and adjustment. The manufacturing process performed by dental technician was not included in the cost analysis. RESULTS: The process for the complete denture treatment was classified with 10 stages. The partial denture treatment was classified with 8 stages. The treatment time per each denture is about 5.6 hours for complete dentures and about 6.6 hours for partial dentures. The treatment cost were from 591,108 won to 643,913 won for complete denture and from 670,219 won to 738,840 won for partial denture in 2011, depending on the location, type of the clinics and the types of physician's income. CONCLUSION: This study shows the example of cost analysis for the treatment to set the fee schedule. Measures to get representative and accurate information need to be made.
Classification ; Costs and Cost Analysis* ; Dental Clinics* ; Dental Technicians ; Denture, Complete ; Denture, Partial ; Dentures* ; Fee Schedules ; Health Care Costs ; Humans ; Korea* ; National Health Programs

Authors have studied photopic and scotopic flash EPGs for 19 control subjects and 20 patients with Parkinson's disease before and after various anti-Parkinsonian therapy. The following fingings were observed 1. There was no significant difference in implicit time of photopic and scotopic a and b waves between the control and the Parkinsonian groups(P(t)>0.05). 2 Amplitudes of photopic and scotopic a and b-waves were smaller in Parkinsonian group during the pre-medication therapy than in control group(P(t)<0.05) however those of photopic a-and b- waves and scotopic b-wave were normalized with anti-Parkinsonian therapy(P(t)<0.01). 3 Parkinsonian patients treated with dopa preparations showed the significant increases of amplitde of scotopic b wave(P(t)<0.001) but those treated with anticholinergics, Amantadine or Bromocryptine did not(P(t1>0.05). 4. Compared with that of tremor predominant Parkinsonism the amplitudes of photopic and scotopic a-and b-waves were small in patients with akineto-rigidity(P(t)<0.01). Therefore it is concluded that the dopaminergic changes in retinal cells are responsible for producing b wave as well as a wave. So clinically flash EFGs can. Be used beneficially in treating Parkinsonian patients in view of choosing the anti-Parkinsonian drugs and monitoring the effectiveness of therapy.
Amantadine ; Bromocriptine ; Cholinergic Antagonists ; Dihydroxyphenylalanine ; Humans ; Parkinson Disease* ; Parkinsonian Disorders ; Retinaldehyde ; Tremor