No abstract available.
Achondroplasia* ; Humans ; Hydrocephalus*

Diagnostic radiologic studies for angiosarcoma are usually non-specific, but selective angiography is notablyexceptional, and there had been a few reports of CT or US featurs of hepatic or splenic angiosarcoma. We recentlyexperienced a case of hepatic and splenic angiosarcoma demonstrated by CT, US and selective angiogram in34-year0old man.
Angiography ; Hemangiosarcoma

A fluorescence bronchoscope system has been developed for detecting early lung cancer including dysplasia and carcinoma in situ. To determine the histologic findings and genetic alterations of the lung tissues, which were biopsied by the fluorescence bronchoscope, we analyzed 104 specimens from 62 heavy smokers for their histopathology, cell proliferation index, and genetic mutations of p53 and K-ras. We used immunohistochemistry for MIB-1 and p53, and PCR-SSCP and direct DNA sequencing for p53 and K-ras. The histology was variable from reactive conditions to invasive cancers, and consisted of basal cell hyperplasia (26.9%), dysplasia (4.8%), carcinoma in situ (1.9%), squamous cell carcinoma (7.7%), adenocarcinoma (4.8%), and small cell carcinoma (10.6%). The cellular proliferation index of the lesions increased as their aggressiveness increased. p53 and K-ras mutations were detected in 33.7% and 14.4% of all tissues, respectively. In dysplasia, p53 and K-ras mutations were observed in 3 of 5 and in 2 of 5 tissues, respectively. However, these genetic alterations were not found in carcinoma in situ. Interestingly, 28.6% of basal cell hyperplasia showed p53 mutations. In conclusion, these data suggest that the biopsy specimens using fluorescence bronchoscopy show variable histologic findings, ranging from reactive conditions to invasive cancers. In addition, some of the dysplastic lesions are related to p53 and K-ras mutations, although these genetic alterations are also seen in basal cell hyperplasia.
Adenocarcinoma ; Biopsy* ; Bronchoscopes ; Bronchoscopy* ; Carcinoma in Situ ; Carcinoma, Small Cell ; Carcinoma, Squamous Cell ; Cell Proliferation ; Fluorescence* ; Hyperplasia ; Immunohistochemistry ; Lung ; Lung Neoplasms ; Sequence Analysis, DNA

Backgrounds: Evaluating quality of life (QoL) in people with dementia has become increasingly valued, especially in assessing the effectiveness of interventions or making treatment decisions. However, limited information exists regarding dementia patients' QoL in Korea. The aim of our investigation was to determine if the severity of dementia could affect the QoL of patients with dementia and the relationship between QoL score and the scores of other cognitive domains, especially, the attention. METHODS: Two hundred and sixty eight subjects with varying degree of cognitive dysfunction underwent assessment of Korean-Mini Mental Status Examination (K-MMSE), digit span, trail making test (TMT), Korean-Instrumental Activity Daily Living (K-IADL), Geriatric Depression Scale (GDS), Clinical Dementia Rating Scale (CDR), attention and their QoL using standardized neuropsychological tests and questionnaires. We administered the QoL in Alzheimer's disease (QoL-AD) scale and attention questionnaire to the subjects. RESULTS: QoL-AD score had a positive correlation with K-MMSE score (r=0.38, p<0.0001) while it showed a negative correlation with GDS (r=-0.62 p<0.0001). QoL-AD score also showed a significant correlation with attention status of the patients with dementia (r=0.48, p<0.0001). QoL-AD score for patient appeared to be affected by educational factors. CONCLUSIONS: QoL-AD may be used as an effective tool to assess QoL as well as cognitive functions of patients with varying degree of dementia.
Alzheimer Disease ; Dementia ; Depression ; Humans ; Korea ; Neuropsychological Tests ; Quality of Life ; Surveys and Questionnaires ; Trail Making Test

Effects of nitroglycerin (NTC), adenosine triphosphate (ATP) and sodium nitroprusside (SNP) on the hemodynamic and blood gas analysis changes epinephrine (EPI) infusion is air embolized cats were investigated. Under the general anesthesia with pentobarbital and vecuronium cats were given 2~2.5 ml/kg of air via internal jugular vein and were resuscitated with EPI bolus injection. Thirty two cats were divided into 4 groups of 8 each. Each 4 groups, were administered saline (group1), NTG (group 2), ATP (group 3) and SNP (group 4) with EPI continuous infusion, respectively. The air shadow in the heart of cats was visualized C-arm image intensifier throught the study and all three vasodilators augmented the removal of air from the heart on C-arm image. All three vasodilators therapy groups produced statistically significant decrease in rate pressure product (p<0.05) but only NTG therapy group decreased heart rate (p<0.05). Central venous pressure were decreased in all three vasodilators therapy groups but only NTG therapy group was statistically significant (p<0.05). Only NTG therapy group increased both arterial (p<0.05) and venous oxgenation. These results indicate that NTG therapy group produced more prominant hemodynamic and blood oxygenation improvement than the other three groups. It is concluded that NTG with vasopressor therapy coude be recommended in venous air embolism.
Adenosine Triphosphate* ; Adenosine* ; Anesthesia, General ; Animals ; Blood Gas Analysis* ; Cats* ; Central Venous Pressure ; Embolism, Air ; Epinephrine* ; Heart ; Heart Rate ; Hemodynamics* ; Jugular Veins ; Nitroglycerin ; Nitroprusside* ; Oxygen ; Pentobarbital ; Sodium* ; Vasodilator Agents ; Vecuronium Bromide

Effects of nitroglycerin (NTC), adenosine triphosphate (ATP) and sodium nitroprusside (SNP) on the hemodynamic and blood gas analysis changes epinephrine (EPI) infusion is air embolized cats were investigated. Under the general anesthesia with pentobarbital and vecuronium cats were given 2~2.5 ml/kg of air via internal jugular vein and were resuscitated with EPI bolus injection. Thirty two cats were divided into 4 groups of 8 each. Each 4 groups, were administered saline (group1), NTG (group 2), ATP (group 3) and SNP (group 4) with EPI continuous infusion, respectively. The air shadow in the heart of cats was visualized C-arm image intensifier throught the study and all three vasodilators augmented the removal of air from the heart on C-arm image. All three vasodilators therapy groups produced statistically significant decrease in rate pressure product (p<0.05) but only NTG therapy group decreased heart rate (p<0.05). Central venous pressure were decreased in all three vasodilators therapy groups but only NTG therapy group was statistically significant (p<0.05). Only NTG therapy group increased both arterial (p<0.05) and venous oxgenation. These results indicate that NTG therapy group produced more prominant hemodynamic and blood oxygenation improvement than the other three groups. It is concluded that NTG with vasopressor therapy coude be recommended in venous air embolism.
Adenosine Triphosphate* ; Adenosine* ; Anesthesia, General ; Animals ; Blood Gas Analysis* ; Cats* ; Central Venous Pressure ; Embolism, Air ; Epinephrine* ; Heart ; Heart Rate ; Hemodynamics* ; Jugular Veins ; Nitroglycerin ; Nitroprusside* ; Oxygen ; Pentobarbital ; Sodium* ; Vasodilator Agents ; Vecuronium Bromide

Some circulating cancer cells in the blood play a central role in the metastatic process and may have a major influence on patient progress. Their numbers can be very small and techniques for their detection need to be both sensitive and specific. Polymerase chain reaction (PCR) has been successfully used to detect small numbers of tumor cells in cancer. We used a reverse transcriptase-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) to detect circulating breast cancer cells in venous blood samples before operations and assessed cytokeratin-19 (CK-19) and cytokeratin-20 (CK-20) as target mRNA markers in the blood of healthy donors (n=6) and breast cancer patients (n=30) with American Joint Committee on Cancer stages 0 to IIIa. CK-19 mRNA was expressed in all blood samples of healthy donors and patients. But CK-20 was the only mRNA marker not detected in the blood from healthy donors. Seven of 30 (23%) venous blood isolates of breast cancer patients yielded a CK-20 mRNA with positive results. There was no correlating CK-20 mRNA expression with stage and axillary lymph node status. In conclusion, CK-19 showed no diagnostic value as a mRNA marker in the detection of circulating cancer cells by RT-PCR assay because this was expressed in the blood of healthy donors. CK-20 mRNA was an useful marker to detect circulating cancer cells in breast cancers.
Breast Neoplasms/pathology* ; Breast Neoplasms/genetics* ; DNA Primers ; Female ; Gene Expression Regulation, Neoplastic ; Genetic Markers ; Human ; Intermediate Filament Proteins/genetics ; Keratin/genetics ; Neoplasm Circulating Cells* ; RNA, Messenger/analysis ; RNA, Neoplasm/analysis* ; Reverse Transcriptase Polymerase Chain Reaction/methods* ; Sensitivity and Specificity ; beta 2-Microglobulin/genetics

Authors have studied photopic and scotopic flash EPGs for 19 control subjects and 20 patients with Parkinson's disease before and after various anti-Parkinsonian therapy. The following fingings were observed 1. There was no significant difference in implicit time of photopic and scotopic a and b waves between the control and the Parkinsonian groups(P(t)>0.05). 2 Amplitudes of photopic and scotopic a and b-waves were smaller in Parkinsonian group during the pre-medication therapy than in control group(P(t)<0.05) however those of photopic a-and b- waves and scotopic b-wave were normalized with anti-Parkinsonian therapy(P(t)<0.01). 3 Parkinsonian patients treated with dopa preparations showed the significant increases of amplitde of scotopic b wave(P(t)<0.001) but those treated with anticholinergics, Amantadine or Bromocryptine did not(P(t1>0.05). 4. Compared with that of tremor predominant Parkinsonism the amplitudes of photopic and scotopic a-and b-waves were small in patients with akineto-rigidity(P(t)<0.01). Therefore it is concluded that the dopaminergic changes in retinal cells are responsible for producing b wave as well as a wave. So clinically flash EFGs can. Be used beneficially in treating Parkinsonian patients in view of choosing the anti-Parkinsonian drugs and monitoring the effectiveness of therapy.
Amantadine ; Bromocriptine ; Cholinergic Antagonists ; Dihydroxyphenylalanine ; Humans ; Parkinson Disease* ; Parkinsonian Disorders ; Retinaldehyde ; Tremor

Rhabdoid meningioma is an uncommon meningioma variant, which was initially described in 1998 by Perry et al.. It is classified as a variant corresponding to grade III in the recent World Health Organization(WHO) classification of tumors of the nervous system, because of its unique histopathological features and its highly aggressive clinical course. To date there were still a lot of arguments about their developmental patterns and the treatment strategy especially for rhabdoid meningiomas lacking other histological features of malignancy. Although the exact causes of rhabdoid transformation of a benign meningioma are unknown, malignant transformation long duration after surgical resection under an underlying predilection for malignancy is suggested in our case. And we suggest that any histological rhabdoid features in recurrent meningiomas or even in primary cases seem to indicate the malignant clinical course and the need for aggressive treatments, because transformation from a benign or atypical one to a malignant one seems to occur at last.
Classification ; Meningioma* ; Nervous System Neoplasms ; World Health ; World Health Organization

BACKGROUND: The purpose of this study is to analyze the cost for the denture treatment in accordance with the government's plan to expand the National Health Insurance coverage for dental prothesis from July 1, 2012. METHODS: We developed the draft of classification of the treatment activities based on the existing researches and expert's review and finalized the standard procedures through confirming by Korean Dental Association. We also made the list of input at each stage of treatments. We conducted survey of 100 dental clinics via post from April 4 to May 20 in 2011 and 37 clinics took part in the survey. The unit of cost calculation is the process from the first visit for denture treatment to setting of denture and adjustment. The manufacturing process performed by dental technician was not included in the cost analysis. RESULTS: The process for the complete denture treatment was classified with 10 stages. The partial denture treatment was classified with 8 stages. The treatment time per each denture is about 5.6 hours for complete dentures and about 6.6 hours for partial dentures. The treatment cost were from 591,108 won to 643,913 won for complete denture and from 670,219 won to 738,840 won for partial denture in 2011, depending on the location, type of the clinics and the types of physician's income. CONCLUSION: This study shows the example of cost analysis for the treatment to set the fee schedule. Measures to get representative and accurate information need to be made.
Classification ; Costs and Cost Analysis* ; Dental Clinics* ; Dental Technicians ; Denture, Complete ; Denture, Partial ; Dentures* ; Fee Schedules ; Health Care Costs ; Humans ; Korea* ; National Health Programs