Electrodiagnostic tests (EDX) is essential for the diagnosis of chronic inflammatory demyelinating polyneuropathy (CIDP). EDX could provide information about demyelinating pathology in the peripheral nerves. According to phenotypes, CIDP could be classified several phenotypes, which has different clinical manifestations, EDX could present a different distribution pattern of demyelinating lesions. In addition, EDX could be useful markers for predicting treatment response of prognosis of CIDP.
Classification ; Diagnosis ; Electrodiagnosis ; Neural Conduction ; Pathology ; Peripheral Nerves ; Phenotype ; Polyneuropathies ; Polyradiculoneuropathy, Chronic Inflammatory Demyelinating ; Prognosis

Epidural blood patch (EBP) is one of the treatments for spontaneous intracranial hypotension (SIH), and its complications have rarely been reported. We report a patient with SIH and developed intracranial hypertension after EBP. The mechanism of rebound intracranial hypertension was uncertain. If the patient presented with a different type of headache or newly developed neurological symptoms after treatment of SIH, rebound intracranial hypertension should be considered and the proper treatment needed quickly.
Blood Patch, Epidural* ; Headache ; Humans ; Intracranial Hypertension* ; Intracranial Hypotension*

PURPOSE: To evaluate the postoperative changes occurring in the patellar tendon after reconstruction of the anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) using the central one-third of the patellar tendon together with patellar and tibial bony plugs. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Ten patients with ACL injury underwent sagittal and coronal T1-weighted MR imaging of both postoperative and normal knee joints. In all cases, reconstruction of the ACL was performed using the central one-third of the patellar tendon, together with patellar and tibial bony plugs. During the follow-up period of 6-27 months, patient were clinically stable. We compared the length, signal intensity and contour of both patellar tendons, as seen on MR images. RESULTS: No defects was found in harvested patellar tendons, and MR images showed high signal intensity within harvested tendons in six of the ten patients. In seven of ten, patellar tendons had irregular margins and were poorly delineated from adjacent tissue. The mean length of patellar tendons was 44.2+/-2.9 mm in normal knee and 43.9+/-3.1mm in postoperative knee, while their mean thickness in postoperative knee, measured at mid-portion, averaged 4.3+/-1.2 mm. There were no statistically significant differences (p>0.05). The greatest mean thickness of patellar tendon was 6.9+/-1.2 mm and 4.3+/-0.5mm in normal and postoperative knee, respectively. Thus, on average, postoperative patellar tendon was 161% thicker than normal tendon (p<0.05). CONCLUSION: In clinically stable patients, patellar tendons after graft harvesting had a higher signal intensity, worse-defined margins and a greater thickness than normal. We suggest that these are the normal postoperative findings.
Anterior Cruciate Ligament Reconstruction* ; Anterior Cruciate Ligament* ; Autografts* ; Follow-Up Studies ; Humans ; Knee ; Knee Joint ; Magnetic Resonance Imaging* ; Patellar Ligament* ; Tendons ; Transplants

Hypokalemic periodic paralysis one of the channelopathy disorders with low serum potassium level, clinically presenting as acute onset extremity weakness. In most cases, the cause of the hypokalemia is familial, but rarely hypokalemic periodic paralysis occurs secondary to other diseases including endocrinopathies, renal disorders, gastrointestinal loss. We report a patient with no known underlying diseases, who were diagnosed with sporadic hypokalemic periodic paralysis accompanied by neurogenic diabetes insipidus.

Hypokalemic periodic paralysis one of the channelopathy disorders with low serum potassium level, clinically presenting as acute onset extremity weakness. In most cases, the cause of the hypokalemia is familial, but rarely hypokalemic periodic paralysis occurs secondary to other diseases including endocrinopathies, renal disorders, gastrointestinal loss. We report a patient with no known underlying diseases, who were diagnosed with sporadic hypokalemic periodic paralysis accompanied by neurogenic diabetes insipidus.

No abstract available.
Antibodies ; Guillain-Barre Syndrome

No abstract available.
Nitrous Oxide* ; Subacute Combined Degeneration*

Background: and Purpose: Many elderly patients are unable to actively stand up by themselves and have contraindications to performing the head-up tilt test (HUTT). We aimed to develop screening algorithms for diagnosing orthostatic hypotension (OH) before performing the HUTT. Methods: This study recruited 663 patients with orthostatic intolerance (78 with and 585 without OH, as confirmed by the HUTT) and compared their clinical characteristics. Univariate and multivariate analyses were performed to investigate potential predictors of an OH diagnosis. Machine-learning algorithms were applied to determine whether the accuracy of OH prediction could be used for screening OH without performing the HUTT. Results: Differences between expiration and inspiration (E-I differences), expiration:inspiration ratios (E:I ratios), and Valsalva ratios were smaller in patients with OH than in those without OH. The univariate analysis showed that increased age and baseline systolic blood pressure (BP) as well as decreased E-I difference, E:I ratio, and Valsalva ratio were correlated with OH. In the multivariate analysis, increased baseline systolic BP and decreased Valsalva ratio were found to be independent predictors of OH. Using those variables as input features, the classification accuracies of the support vector machine, k-nearest neighbors, and random forest methods were 84.4%, 84.4%, and 90.6%, respectively. Conclusions We have identified clinical parameters that are strongly associated with OH. Machine-learning analysis using those parameters was highly accurate in differentiating OH from non-OH patients. These parameters could be useful screening factors for OH in patients who are unable to perform the HUTT.

Background: and Purpose: Amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) is a neurodegenerative disease that mainly affects the pyramidal motor system. However, recent studies have suggested that degeneration of the extramotor system plays a role in the disability experienced by patients with ALS. We investigated the local shape changes and mean volumes of the subcortical nuclei in sporadic ALS patients with preserved cognition. Methods: The participants comprised 32 patients with ALS and 43 age- and sex-matched healthy controls. Three-dimensional T1-weighted structural images were acquired. Surfacebased vertex analysis was performed with fully automated segmentation of both amygdalae, hippocampi, caudate nuclei, nuclei accumbens, putamina, pallida, and thalami, and the brainstem. The scalar distances from the mean surfaces of the individual subcortical nuclei were compared between groups, and correlations of the local shape distances with initial Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis Functional Rating Scale Revised (ALS-FRS-R) scores and the delta FRS-R and with the disease duration were analyzed. Results: ALS patients showed regional shape contractions on the lateral surfaces of both pallida, the lateroposterior surface of the right putamen, and the anterior basal surface of the right accumbens. Delta FRS-R scores were negatively correlated with local shape distances in the right hippocampus and the putamina. However, the initial ALS-FRS-R score and disease duration were not correlated with local shape distances. Conclusions Subcortical gray-matter structures are involved in the neurodegenerative process of ALS before cognitive impairment becomes evident.