BACKGROUND/OBJECTIVES: Emerging evidence shows that eating breakfast and breakfast types may be associated with health outcomes and dietary intakes in various populations. The aim of this study was to investigate the association between breakfast types in Korean adults with their daily nutrient intakes and health outcomes. SUBJECTS/METHODS: A total of 11,801 20- to 64-year-old adults (age 42.9 +/- 11.8 yrs [mean +/- standard error of the mean]; male 41.1%, female 58.9%) in 2007-2009 Korean National Health and Nutrition Survey data were divided into 5 groups based on breakfast types in a 24-hr dietary recall: rice with 3 or more side dishes (Rice3+, 35.3%), rice with 0-2 side dishes (Rice0-2, 34.73%), noodles (1.56%), bread and cereal (6.56%), and breakfast skipping (21.63%). Daily nutrient intakes and the risk of metabolic syndrome were compared among five groups. RESULTS: Compared with Korean Recommended Nutrient Intake levels, the breakfast-skipping group showed the lowest intake level in most nutrients, whereas the Rice3+ group showed the highest. Fat intake was higher in the bread and noodle groups than in the other groups. When compared with the Rice3+ group, the odds ratios for the risk of obesity and metabolic syndrome were increased in the breakfast skipping, Rice0-2, and noodle groups after controlling for confounding variables. CONCLUSIONS: The rice-based breakfast group showed better nutritional status and health outcomes when eating with 3 or more side dishes. Nutrition education is needed to emphasize both the potential advantage of the rice-based, traditional Korean diet in terms of nutritional content and the importance of food diversity.
Adult* ; Bread ; Breakfast* ; Edible Grain ; Confounding Factors (Epidemiology) ; Diet ; Eating ; Education ; Female ; Humans ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Nutrition Surveys ; Nutritional Status ; Obesity ; Odds Ratio

AIMS: The purpose of this study was to explore the differences of general characteristics and nutritional factors such as anthropometry and dietary intake between alcohol-related cirrhosis and virus-related liver cirrhosis and to assess the nutritional status of both of these groups. METHODS: In this study, the nutritional status of 67 patients with liver cirrhosis (25 with alcohol-related and 42 with virus-related) was evaluated by using clinical assessment, anthropometric measurements, dietary intakes, and biochemical indices. RESULTS: Although anthropometric measurements were not significantly different between alcoholic cirrhosis and viral cirrhosis, anthropometry of patients with viral cirrhosis had a higher tendency than that of alcoholic cirrhotic patients. Alcohol intake factors such as amount, duration, and frequency in alcoholic cirrhotic patients were higher than those in patients with viral cirrhosis. Energy excluding alcohol and vitamin C were significantly different between patients with alcoholic and viral cirrhosis. All subjects had lower intake of energy excluding alcohol, protein, vitamin A, thiamin, riboflavin, niacin, calcium, and iron as than recommended by the Recommended Dietary Allowances (RDA) for Koreans. Of special note was the fact that the intakes of energy excluding alcohol, vitamin A, riboflavin, and calcium were less than 75% of RDA for Koreans. Although the glucose and triglyceride levels were significantly different between alcoholic and viral cirrhotic patients, there were within normal range in both groups. There was an interaction effect in triceps skinfold thickness of the subjects according to both etiology and severity of liver disease. CONCLUSION: These data suggests that nutritional disorders are common in patients with both alcohol-and virus-related cirrhosis. It is necessary to educate patients with cirrhosis about the importance of a balanced dietary intake as well as its pattern, and quality of diet.
Alcoholics ; Anthropometry ; Ascorbic Acid ; Calcium ; Child ; Diet ; Fibrosis ; Glucose ; Humans ; Iron ; Liver Cirrhosis* ; Liver Cirrhosis, Alcoholic ; Liver Diseases ; Liver* ; Niacin ; Nutrition Disorders ; Nutritional Status* ; Recommended Dietary Allowances ; Reference Values ; Riboflavin ; Skinfold Thickness ; Triglycerides ; Vitamin A

The prevalence of Atopic Dermatitis (AD), a non-infective chronic inflammatory skin disease, is increasing worldwide. Avoiding the allergen is the basic principle in the treatment of AD. However, when the allergen is food, excessive restriction can lead to nutrition deficiency. The objective of the study was to examine the status of the dietary restriction and compare the caregiver's restriction practice with doctor's recommendation in Korean children with AD. A total of 158 children diagnosed with Atopic Dermatitis were recruited for this study. Information about foods that aggravate AD symptoms and food restriction were collected from the mothers of 158 children aged 6 month-5 year with AD using questionnaires. Food restriction recommendation by doctor was collected through medical chart. McNemar and Margianl homogeneity tests were used to detect a relationship between food restriction recommended by doctor and current practice by mother. There were significant proportion differences of food restriction for each food between by doctor and mother. We found 75.9% of children were avoiding eggs although only 61.4% were recommended for egg restriction by a doctor. Children with restriction of more than 4 kinds of food were 53.2% compared to 13.3% by doctor. Excessive restrictors tended to be younger and diagnosed at younger age. The caregivers of excessive restrictors had trends of "being older" and "having higher income". Avoidance of common foods in children without food allergy could result in malnutrition or impaired growth. Nutrition education is needed for sound practice and nutrition care in children with Atopic Dermatitis as well as interactive communication between caregivers and experts.
Aged ; Caregivers ; Child ; Dermatitis, Atopic ; Eggs ; Food Hypersensitivity ; Humans ; Malnutrition ; Mothers ; Ovum ; Prevalence ; Surveys and Questionnaires ; Skin Diseases

PURPOSE: The aim of this study is to identify the status of clerkship education and its evaluation in Korea. METHODS: Questionnaires were sent to 943personnel in 23clinical departments of 41medical schools nationwide from April, 1 to April 10, 2004. We analyzed the 638 questionnaires that were collected from 39medical schools. RESULTS: The most frequently used methodologies for clerkship education were small group lecture(17.1%), observation of ambulatory care(15.7%), seminar(12.9%), observation and support of operation(12.4%), ward rounding(12.1%). The relative proportion of educational methodologies was varied according to the type of clinical departments. Most of the clinical clerkship activity was conducted in the university hospital. Also, the clerkship activities were educated by professors(57.8%), fellows(9.1%), residents(30.6%) and others(2.5%). The evaluation methods were written exam(21.8%), attendance(17.5%), report(14.0%), and oral exam(12.0%). In terms of evaluating items, acquirement of clinical knowledge has been mainly tested. However, students' ability to communicate, build human relationship, and clinical skills has been less frequently evaluated in most of medical schools. CONCLUSION: It is most likely that the current status of clerkship education and its evaluation in Korea is focused on the education and assessment of clinical knowledge. To improve this, the following areas need to be enriched: interaction between faculty and students, experience-based clerkship, effective feedback, time management, objectivity of evaluation, performance evaluation.
Clinical Clerkship ; Clinical Competence ; Education* ; Evaluation Studies as Topic ; Humans ; Korea ; Schools, Medical* ; Time Management ; Surveys and Questionnaires