The result of interference with the conductibility of the spinal cord is one of the most disabling and distressing complications of splnal tuberculosis. This fact was recognized as early as in 1779, when Pott published. The antituberculous drugs and improved surgical treatment have made possible a more effective treatment than before and improved the prognosis but not solved all problems completely. The following results were shown by analysis of 63 cases of spinal tuberculosls with neurological symptom experienced in the Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Seoul National University in the past 9.5 years from Jan. 1970 to Jun. 1979. 1. Number of cases In child was 15. (29%). 2. Pulmonary and other tuberculous diseases were manifested in 29 cases (46%). 3. Regions of the spine inovolved were most common In thoracic spine (43 cases), especially lower thoracic spine. 4. There were 49 early and 14 late paraplegia 5. There were 24 complete and 39 incomplete paraplegia. 6. Spastic type was more common than flaccid type. 7. Anterior fusion was done in 55 cases and costotransversectomy in 8. 8. There were 36 cases (57%) of complete recovery and 8 of fallure. 9. The prognosis for recovery from paraplegia appeared to depend on age, duration, type and onset of paraplegia.
Child ; Humans ; Muscle Spasticity ; Orthopedics ; Paraplegia ; Prognosis ; Seoul ; Spinal Cord ; Spine ; Tuberculosis ; Tuberculosis, Spinal

No abstract available.
Leg*

The effective inactivation of microorganisms in drinking water by Ultraviolet (UV) irradiation is regarded as a new low-cost water treatment method shoeing high removal rate of relatively stable infectious virus particles including poliovirus. In the present study, we examined virus inactivation by UV in various water environments. Samples were collected from finished water and surface water, and tested for turbidity. UV dose of 18, 22, 30, 36 and 40 milli-Joule (mJ)/cm2 were used by combination of 2 mW/cm2 UV intensity and time of 9, 11, 15, 18 and 20 second. Depths of water were fixed at 0.37 cm and 8 cm, and virus titers were shown by plaque forming unit (PFU). Poliovirus was inactivated to 99.0% by 18 mJ/cm2 of UV dose in the condition of 0.08 Nephelometry Turbidity Unit (NTU) and 8 cm depth of water. Poliovirus at 30 mJ/cm2 of UV dose under the same condition was inactivated to 99.7%. Furthermore, Poliovirus at 56.60 NTU and 8 cm depth of water was inactivated to 92.0% and 98.5% by 18 mJ/cm2 and 30 mJ/cm2 of UV dose, respectively. The degrees of virus inactivation were dependent upon the UV dose, the turbidit, y and the depth of water. In conclusion, introduction of UV disinfections can be considered in drinking water purification systems in case reasonable engineering support is possible.
Drinking Water ; Nephelometry and Turbidimetry ; Poliovirus ; Shoes ; Virion ; Virus Inactivation ; Water Purification ; Water*

The effective inactivation of microorganisms in drinking water by Ultraviolet (UV) irradiation is regarded as a new low-cost water treatment method shoeing high removal rate of relatively stable infectious virus particles including poliovirus. In the present study, we examined virus inactivation by UV in various water environments. Samples were collected from finished water and surface water, and tested for turbidity. UV dose of 18, 22, 30, 36 and 40 milli-Joule (mJ)/cm2 were used by combination of 2 mW/cm2 UV intensity and time of 9, 11, 15, 18 and 20 second. Depths of water were fixed at 0.37 cm and 8 cm, and virus titers were shown by plaque forming unit (PFU). Poliovirus was inactivated to 99.0% by 18 mJ/cm2 of UV dose in the condition of 0.08 Nephelometry Turbidity Unit (NTU) and 8 cm depth of water. Poliovirus at 30 mJ/cm2 of UV dose under the same condition was inactivated to 99.7%. Furthermore, Poliovirus at 56.60 NTU and 8 cm depth of water was inactivated to 92.0% and 98.5% by 18 mJ/cm2 and 30 mJ/cm2 of UV dose, respectively. The degrees of virus inactivation were dependent upon the UV dose, the turbidit, y and the depth of water. In conclusion, introduction of UV disinfections can be considered in drinking water purification systems in case reasonable engineering support is possible.
Drinking Water ; Nephelometry and Turbidimetry ; Poliovirus ; Shoes ; Virion ; Virus Inactivation ; Water Purification ; Water*

This is a report of two cases of thoracic spine fracture-dislocation without consequential neurological deficit. In each case, the disruption between vertebral body and the posterior column renders spontaneous decompression of the spinal canal as a result of anatomical peculiarity of the thoracic spine such anatomical peculiarity explains the preservation of neurologic function. Diagnosis and management should be carried out with great care in such cases. The two patients underwent posterior approach with instrumentation and eventually recovered without any evidence of neurologic sequelae.
Decompression ; Diagnosis ; Humans ; Neurologic Manifestations ; Spinal Canal ; Spine*

Taste sensation is the gatekeeper for direct decisions on feeding behavior and evaluating the quality of food. Nutritious and beneficial substances such as sugars and amino acids are represented by sweet and umami tastes, respectively, whereas noxious substances and toxins by bitter or sour tastes. Essential electrolytes including Na+ and other ions are recognized by the salty taste. Gustatory information is initially generated by taste buds in the oral cavity, projected into the central nervous system, and finally processed to provide input signals for food recognition, regulation of metabolism and physiology, and higher-order brain functions such as learning and memory, emotion, and reward. Therefore, understanding the peripheral taste system is fundamental for the development of technologies to regulate the endocrine system and improve whole-body metabolism. In this review article, we introduce previous widely-accepted views on the physiology and genetics of peripheral taste cells and primary gustatory neurons, and discuss key findings from the past decade that have raised novel questions or solved previously raised questions.

Taste sensation is the gatekeeper for direct decisions on feeding behavior and evaluating the quality of food. Nutritious and beneficial substances such as sugars and amino acids are represented by sweet and umami tastes, respectively, whereas noxious substances and toxins by bitter or sour tastes. Essential electrolytes including Na+ and other ions are recognized by the salty taste. Gustatory information is initially generated by taste buds in the oral cavity, projected into the central nervous system, and finally processed to provide input signals for food recognition, regulation of metabolism and physiology, and higher-order brain functions such as learning and memory, emotion, and reward. Therefore, understanding the peripheral taste system is fundamental for the development of technologies to regulate the endocrine system and improve whole-body metabolism. In this review article, we introduce previous widely-accepted views on the physiology and genetics of peripheral taste cells and primary gustatory neurons, and discuss key findings from the past decade that have raised novel questions or solved previously raised questions.

PURPOSE: Current management for patients with differentiated thyroid cancer includes near total thyroidectomy and radioactive iodine therapy followed by administration of supraphysiological doses of levothyroxine (L-T4). Although hyperthyroidism is a well known risk factor for osteoporosis, the effects of L-T4 treatment on bone mineral density (BMD) in patients with thyroid cancer do not appear to be as significant as with endogenous hyperthyroidism. In this study, we evaluated the impact of long-term suppressive therapy with L-T4 on BMD and bone turn over markers in Korean female patients receiving L-T4 suppressive therapy. METHODS: We enrolled 94 female subjects (mean age, 50.84 +/- 11.43 years) receiving L-T4 after total or near total thyroidectomy and radioactive iodine therapy for thyroid cancer (mean follow-up period, 12.17 +/- 4.27 years). The subjects were divided into three groups by thyroid stimulating hormone (TSH) level (group 1 with TSH level < or =0.001 microIU/mL, group 2 with TSH level between 0.001 and 0.17 microIU/mL, group 3 with TSH level >0.17 microIU/mL) and four groups by quartile of free T4 level. L-T4 dosage, BMD (examined by dual-energy x-ray absorptiometry), and bone turnover markers were evaluated according to TSH and free T4 levels. RESULTS: No significant decrease was detected in BMD or bone turnover markers according to TSH level or free T4 level. Also, the prevalence of osteoporosis and osteopenia was not different among groups. CONCLUSION: Long-term L-T4 suppressive therapy after thyroid cancer management did not affect bone density or increase the prevalence of osteoporosis even though TSH levels were supraphysiologically suppressed.
Bone Density* ; Bone Diseases, Metabolic ; Female ; Follow-Up Studies ; Humans ; Hyperthyroidism ; Iodine ; Osteoporosis ; Prevalence ; Risk Factors ; Thyroid Gland* ; Thyroid Neoplasms* ; Thyroidectomy ; Thyrotropin ; Thyroxine*

The information of species and quantity of enteric viruses in surface water, finished water, and tap water is important in helping understand the pathogenesis of viruses, providing information about health and hygiene, improving handling technique of drinking water, and establishing the standards of water quality. Using standard total culturable virus assay-most probable number (TCVA-MPN) method, we tried to detect infectious enteric viruses in surface water, finished water, and tap water samples that were collected and evaluated according to the information collection rule (ICR). The results obtained with TCVA method were compared to the results from both reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) and integrated cell culture-RT-PCR (ICC-RT-PCR) method. Five of 86 samples (5.8%) were positive as determined by the TCVA-MPN method. Two of 86 samples (2.3%) were positive for reovirus as determined by the RT-PCR and ICC-RT-PCR, and contained infectious reovirus. One of 86 samples (1.7%) was positive for coxsackievirus type B3 as determined by the RT-PCR and ICC-RT-PCR.
Drinking Water ; Hygiene ; Water Quality ; Water*

Purpose: We aimed to investigate the changing trends in intentional drug poisoning among pediatric and adolescent patients over the past 10 years. Methods: A retrospective study was conducted on patients younger than 20 years who visited an academic hospital emergency department (ED) in Incheon, Korea, from January 2011 through December 2020. The study focused on patients who responded with “self-harm or suicide” in the ED-based Injury In-depth Surveillance, and whose injury mechanism was drug poisoning. Exclusion criteria were unintentional injuries and the ingestion of substances other than drugs. To describe the trend over the decade, we used the number of events/100,000 ED annual visits of the database. Results: A total of 3,388 cases with a median age of 17 years (interquartile range, 15-18 years) were included. The most frequently ingested drugs were acetaminophen (27.8%), followed by benzodiazepines (15.2%), antidepressants (14.1%), other sedatives and hypnotics (13.4%), and antipsychotics (8.3%). As for the events/100,000 ED annual visits, benzodiazepines showed the biggest increase, from 7.6 to 80.2 cases. Similarly, antidepressants increased from 10.2 to 71.1 cases, and antipsychotics from 3.6 to 53.7 cases. Conclusion Intentional drug poisoning has increased over the past 10 years, particularly in benzodiazepines, antidepressants, and antipsychotics. It is advisable to establish injury prevention strategies according to patients’ characteristics and ingested drugs.