No abstract available.

No abstract available.
Hypertension, Renovascular*

No abstract available.
Axis, Cervical Vertebra*

No abstract available.

To develop the polymerase chain reaction (PCR) for the detection of type D simian retrovirus (SRV) infection, an oligonucleotide primer pair was designed to hybridize to the sequences within euv gene of SRV subtype 1 (SRV-1). The 3'proximal env sequences annealing to the primers had been rather conserved among three different subtypes of SRV, SRV-1, SRV-2, and SRV-3 (Mason-Pfizer Monkey Virus: MPMV). The PCR using the primer pair targetingan an env region the successfully detected and amplified all three subtypes of SRV with excellent specificity after single round of reaction. The tests with peripheral blood mononuclear cells infected either with simian immunodeficiency virus or simian T-lymphotropic virus type 1, maior immunosuppressive viral agents together with SRV in simian, verified the specificity of the PCR by excluding any cross reactivity. Semiquantitative titration PCR, amplifying serially diluted plasmid DNA of each subtype, was performed to evaluate sensitivity limits of the reaction. Based on molecular weight of each cloned SRV genome, the PCR should be able to detect one SRV-infected cell per more than 5-7x104 uninfected cells after simple ethidium bromide staining of resulting products. The PCR must be very efficient screening sisters with its quickness, certainty, and sensitivity for SRV-infected animals used in human AIDS research model. Second round amplification of the reaction products from the first PCR, or Southern hybridization by radiolabeled probes shall render to compete its efficacy to ELISA which has been the most sensitive technique to screen SRV infection but with frequent ambiguity problem.
Animals ; Betaretrovirus* ; Clone Cells ; DNA* ; Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay ; Ethidium ; Genome ; Haplorhini ; Humans ; Mason-Pfizer monkey virus ; Mass Screening ; Molecular Weight ; Plasmids ; Polymerase Chain Reaction* ; Retroviruses, Simian ; Sensitivity and Specificity ; Siblings ; Simian Immunodeficiency Virus

Although arthroscopic surgery has been used conventionally, it has not been widely adopted yet due to the risks of complications, including nerve damage, technical difficulties, and limited indications. As shown in other joints, however, the use of an arthroscope will gradually increased in the elbow joint (‘Arthroscopy always wins’). Herein, arthroscopic treatments and arthroscopic ulnar nerve decompression will be discussed in cases of elbow osteoarthritis.
Arthroscopes ; Arthroscopy ; Decompression* ; Elbow Joint ; Elbow* ; Joints ; Osteoarthritis* ; Ulnar Nerve*

BACKGROUND: Although there were many studies about increasing the bone mineral density(BMD) of the elderly by exercise program, the results of weekly exercise participation degree are still to be not prepared. Therefore I examined that the effect of weekly exercise participation degree on BMD level of the elderly. METHODS: Subjects were 93 older adults (male=43, female=50) residing in Seoul-Seniors-To-wei. These people are either participating in exercise program for a year, or not in Song-Do Hospital Exercise Prescription Center. Among the elderly, if one were took part in exercise program 5 days or more weekly, they are classified in Group A(male = 14, female= 14), if one were took part in exercise program 5 days weekly, they are classified in Group B (male = 14, female = 17), if one were took part in exercise program a day weekly. they are classified in Group C(mal =8, female= 13). and if one were not took part in exercise program, they are involved in Group I)(male=7, female=6). All the measured data were represented by mean and standard deviation using SPSS package(ver10.0). The statistical techniques for data analysis of BMD levels of the four groups in male and female groups were to analyze the differences among groups by one way ANOVA. And then I performed the Scheffe post-hoc method forinvestigating exactly the differences among groups. The 5% level of significance was used as the critical level for acceptance of hypotheses for the study. RESULTS: There were no statistical difference (p>0.05) among four male or female groups in BMD levels of head, anus, trunk, ribs, and pelvis parts. But there were statistical differences(p <0.05) among four male or female groups in BMD levels of legs, spine, and total. On the condition of legs, the BMD level of Group A exercised in 5 days or more weekly was 1.58 g/cm2 (F=6.774, p=0.001) in male groups and 1.17 g/cm2 (F =6.616. p=0.001) in female groups. These levels were the highest among four groups. And on the condition of spine, the BMD level of Group A was 1.17 g/cm2(F=7.732, p=0.001) in male groups and 1.16 g/cm2(F=6.243, p=0.002) in female groups. These levels were the highest among four groups. Also on the cutiditiuii of total, the BMD level of Group A was 1.53 g/cm2(F=5.677, p=0.003) in male groups and 1.1 g/cm(F=5.283, p=0.003)in female groups. These levels were the highest among four groups. CONCLUSION: Although the exercise is advantageous to the elderly people, if they are participated in 5 days or more weekly, they will be gained more benefit on BMD level and so on.
Adult ; Aged* ; Anal Canal ; Bone Density* ; Female ; Head ; Humans ; Leg ; Male ; Pelvis ; Prescriptions ; Ribs ; Spine ; Statistics as Topic

Indications of reverse total shoulder arthroplasty (RTSA) have been consistently extended by technical advancements in reverse arthroplasty prosthesis, continuous development of the implants, accumulated experiences and its successful treatment outcomes; accordingly, its use has rapidly increased. RTSA has been performed for a variety of indications, with variable outcomes depending on the initial diagnosis. However, controversial opinions still exist regarding the design of reverse arthroplasty prosthesis (medialized or lateralized design and the neck-shaft angle of the humeral prosthesis), suture of the subscapularis tendon, use of cement during placement of the humeral prosthesis, and surgical procedures; therefore, these should be investigated so that they can be better understood.
Arthroplasty* ; Diagnosis ; Prostheses and Implants ; Shoulder* ; Sutures ; Tendons

Alcohol is so-called "a magic bullet" affecting on the various organs and central and peripheral nervous systems and causes mental illness as well as physiological and psychological dependence. Also, alcohol problem is related with serious social problems including family violence, suicide, loss of job and crimes. Because alcohol use disorder is a common cause of consultation and liaison in general hospital, we could consider alcohol use disorder of one of psychosomatic disorder. Thus, I reviewed the prevalence, rate of consultation, and general consultant and treatment issues in treating patients with substance use disorder in a psychosomatic medicine.
Consultants ; Crime ; Domestic Violence ; Hospitals, General ; Humans ; Magic ; Peripheral Nervous System ; Prevalence ; Psychosomatic Medicine ; Social Problems ; Substance-Related Disorders ; Suicide

Methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) is one of the most prevalent nosocomial pathogens in Korea. The prevalence of MRSA is nearly 70% of clinical isolates of S. aureus, and the importance of infection control has increased. Many DNA-based molecular techniques have been introduced to type MRSA strains, but no single method of molecular techniques is universally applicable. This review summarizes the molecular techniques in epidemiological analyses of MRSA, describing some practical applicatiais of these techniques.
Epidemiologic Methods* ; Infection Control ; Korea ; Methicillin Resistance* ; Methicillin-Resistant Staphylococcus aureus* ; Prevalence