As the inaccuracy which was made in implant impression prevented passive fit,it needed to solder the sectioned framework at several locations to correct the inaccuracy. Many clinicians have suggested impression techniques which could make passive fit between implant and superstructure. The purpose of this research was to measure and compare the accuracy of three methods of taking impression with the strain amplifier. The experimental groups were classified as follows : Group I; splinted the two parts with Futar D Occlusion. Group II; splinted the two parts with DuraLay. Group III; didn't splint the two parts. The results were as follows ; 1.The values of strain in the vertical and horizontal surfaces were increased in the order of groupI,group II and group III. 2.Group I showed higher accuracy of the duplicated casts in the vertical and horizontal surfaces than group IIand group III(p<0.05). 3.There were no significant differences in the accuracy of the duplicated casts between group IIand groupIII. From the above results,it is considered that the splinting method of impression copings could make an influence on the accuracy of the master casts.To improve the accuracy of the master casts, splinting the squared impression copings with the additional silicone occlusion materials is recommendable.
Silicones ; Splints

Obesity is a complex metabolic disorder that increases the risk for type 2 diabetes, hyperlipidemia, hypertension, and atherosclerosis. In this study, we evaluated the anti-obesity effects of Nelumbo nucifera leaf (NL) extract in 3T3-L1 adipocytes and obese db/db mice. NL extract among various parts (leaf, seed, and root) of N. nucifera most effectively reduced adipogenesis via inhibiting CCAAT enhancer binding protein α (C/EBPα) and peroxisome proliferator activated receptor γ (PPARγ) expression in 3T3-L1 adipocytes. The addition of NL extract enhanced the protein expression of uncoupling protein 2 (UCP2) as compared to untreated 3T3-L1 adipocytes. The oral administration of NL extract (100 mg/kg BW) significantly reduced food efficacy ratio, body weight, and face or total cholesterol level in obese db /db mice. Also, administration of NL extract significantly decreased adipocyte size and C/EBPα or PPARγ expression in the adipose tissues as compared with control (obese db/db mice). Therefore, our results suggest that NL extract among various parts of N. nucifera could be used as a functional food ingredient for the prevention and treatment of metabolic diseases including obesity and diabetes.

PURPOSE: The purpose of this study was to evaluate the short term results of cementless revision total hip arthroplasty using an interlocking femoral stem. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Between November 1997 and October 1999, 73 hips were revised using a cementless, proximally-coated, long femoral stem with distal holes for interlocking screw fixation (BiCONTACT(R)). Among them, 66 patients (68 hips) were followed both clinically and radiologically for at least two years. RESULTS: The average Harris hip score was 61 (range, 33-78) preoperatively, and this improved to 85 (range, 68-95) at the last follow-up. Mild thigh pain was present in 4 patients, but was not associated with loosening. Radiologically, significant subsidence (>5 mm) of the stem was noticed in no case. A radiolucent line wider than 2 mm was present in 1 hip (zones 4 and 5), but was not progressive. At the most recent follow-up, all stems were fixed by bony ingrowth and no visible osteolysis was detected. CONCLUSION: The short term results of revision total hip arthroplasty using an interlocking femoral stem (BiCONTACT(R)) were satisfactory.
Arthroplasty, Replacement, Hip* ; Follow-Up Studies ; Hip ; Hip Joint ; Humans ; Osteolysis ; Thigh

PURPOSE: We evaluated the clinical and radiological results of acetabular reconstructions using an acetabular roof reinforcement ring (ARR). MATERIALS AND METHODS: From May 1993 to November 1999, 18 hips revised with ARR were evaluated. The mean age at operation was 53 years. The average follow-up period was 51 months (24-94 months). Acetabular defects were classified based on the AAOS classification system. There was one case of type IIA defect, six cases of type IIB defect, ten cases of type III defect and one case of type IV defect. All were treated with morselized allografts and autografts, and three were reconstructed with additional structural autografts. RESULTS: The average Harris hip score improved from 54 preoperatively to 76 postoperatively, but five patients complained of intermittent hip pain. On the last follow-up radiographs, the bone grafts were united and remodeled in all cases, but only partial resorption was observed in two hips. We found evidence of osteolysis in four hips and observed cup migration in three hips. Three hips, in which Muller rings were used, were re-revised during the follow-up period. CONCLUSION: Acetabular reconstruction using ARR led to good clinical and radiological results, but a relative high rate of rerevision was shown in the cases fitted with the Muller ring. Appropriate ARR should be used depending on the extent of the acetabular defect.
Acetabulum* ; Allografts ; Arthroplasty* ; Autografts ; Classification ; Follow-Up Studies ; Hip ; Humans ; Osteolysis ; Transplants

The purpose of this study is to evaluate the bioresorbability of Calcium Polyphosphate added with Na2O and chitosan. Though calcium phosphate ceramics meet some of the needs for bone replacement, they have some limitation of unresorbability and fibrous encapsulation without direct bone apposition during bone remodelling. To solve these problem, we developed a new ceramic, calcium polyphosphate(CPP), and report the biologic response to CPP in extraction sites of beagle dog. Porous CPP granules were prepared by condensation of anhydrous Ca(H2PO4)2 to form non-crystalline Ca(PO3)2. CPP granules added with Na2O and chitosan were implanted in extraction sockets and histologic observation were performed at 12 weeks later. Histologic observation at 12 weeks revealed that CPP matrix were mingled with and directly apposed to new bone without any intervention of fibrous connective tissue. CPP granules added with chitosan were well adatped without any adverse tissue reaction and resorbed slowly and spontaneously. CPP granules added with Na2O and chitosan show multinucleated giant cells and osteoblast-like cells around grafted material and newly formed bone. This result revealed that CPP, regardless of its additive component, had a high affinity for bone and had been resorbed slowly. From this results, it was suggested that CPP is promising ceramic as a bone substitute and addition of Na2O and chitosan help biodegradation. In further study , it will be determined which concentration of Na2O help biodegradation and the other additive components increase the degradation rate.
Animals ; Bone Substitutes ; Calcium* ; Ceramics ; Chitosan ; Connective Tissue ; Dogs ; Giant Cells ; Transplants

The purpose of this study is to evaluate the bioresorbability of Calcium Polyphosphate added with Na2O and chitosan. Though calcium phosphate ceramics meet some of the needs for bone replacement, they have some limitation of unresorbability and fibrous encapsulation without direct bone apposition during bone remodelling. To solve these problem, we developed a new ceramic, calcium polyphosphate(CPP), and report the biologic response to CPP in extraction sites of beagle dog. Porous CPP granules were prepared by condensation of anhydrous Ca(H2PO4)2 to form non-crystalline Ca(PO3)2. CPP granules added with Na2O and chitosan were implanted in extraction sockets and histologic observation were performed at 12 weeks later. Histologic observation at 12 weeks revealed that CPP matrix were mingled with and directly apposed to new bone without any intervention of fibrous connective tissue. CPP granules added with chitosan were well adatped without any adverse tissue reaction and resorbed slowly and spontaneously. CPP granules added with Na2O and chitosan show multinucleated giant cells and osteoblast-like cells around grafted material and newly formed bone. This result revealed that CPP, regardless of its additive component, had a high affinity for bone and had been resorbed slowly. From this results, it was suggested that CPP is promising ceramic as a bone substitute and addition of Na2O and chitosan help biodegradation. In further study , it will be determined which concentration of Na2O help biodegradation and the other additive components increase the degradation rate.
Animals ; Bone Substitutes ; Calcium* ; Ceramics ; Chitosan ; Connective Tissue ; Dogs ; Giant Cells ; Transplants