This erratum is being published to correct of affiliation and add an acknowledgement.

Periventricular-intraventricular hemorrhage (PV-IVH)is one of the most important neurologic lesion of the low birth weight infants. Serial neurosonographic exeaminations were performed in 113 low birth weight infants who were admitted to the neonatal intensive care unit of Presbyterian Medical Center from November 1, 1990to July 31, 1991. The results were summarized as follows: 1) The incidence of PV-IVH in the study was 54% 2) According to Papile's grading system of PV-IVH, grade I was 32.8%, grade II was 45.9%, grade IIIwas 11.5% and grade IV was 9.8%. 3) The onset of PV-IVH was within the first 7 days of life in 82%. 4) Poor activity, apnea, bradycardia and hypotension were statistically significant clinical findings associated with PV-IVH(P<0.05). 5) The risk factors associated with PV-IVH were gestational age, birth weight, hyaling membrane disease, patent ductus arteriosus and artifical ventilation. 6) The mortality of PV-IVH was 0% for grade I, 10.7% for grade II,42.9% for grade III and 83.3% for gradeIV.
Apnea ; Birth Weight ; Bradycardia ; Diagnosis* ; Ductus Arteriosus, Patent ; Gestational Age ; Hemorrhage* ; Humans ; Hypotension ; Incidence ; Infant* ; Infant, Low Birth Weight* ; Infant, Newborn ; Intensive Care, Neonatal ; Membranes ; Mortality ; Protestantism ; Risk Factors ; Ventilation

No abstract available.
Hemorrhage* ; Hemorrhoidectomy*

Congenital hypohidrotic ectodermal dysplasia is a rare genodermatosis. It is characterized by hypohidrosis hypotrichosis, dental hypoplasia and characterstic facial features, which reflect a wide constellation of developmental defec of tissue from the ectoderm. We have encountered three cases of congenital hypohidrotic ectodermal dysplasia in a 28-year-old female, her new-born baby, and a 10-month-old boy with a family history. All of the three patients had hypohidrosis, hypotrichosis, defective dentition, and characterstic facial features, which were characterstic features of this disorder. In addition, they showed dry skin, sparse and thin hairs. Histopathologic findings of previous cases revealed no eccrine gland structure in the dermis with routine and immunohistochemical stainning such cytokeratin and filaggrin. We report three typical cases of hypohidrotic ectodermal dysplasia with the review of literature.
Adult ; Dentition ; Dermis ; Eccrine Glands ; Ectoderm ; Ectodermal Dysplasia 1, Anhidrotic* ; Female ; Hair ; Humans ; Hypohidrosis ; Hypotrichosis ; Infant ; Keratins ; Male ; Skin

No abstract available.
Gastric Emptying*

A collodion baby is born with a tough, inelastic parchment-like membrane covering the whole body surface. As the meinbrane fissures and peels, a more characteristic ichthyosiform change is evident beneath the collodion membrane. Uncommonly, normal skin is found under it. We herein present two cases af collodion baby, which were confirmed as a sporadic case of lamellar ichthyosis and a case of lamellar exfoliation of the newborn, respectively, after long-term clinical observation. It is necessary that detailed genetical and molecular biological studies should be perforrned in order to elucidate the fur:damental, molecular changes that cause these dramatic cutaneous changes.
Collodion* ; Humans ; Ichthyosis, Lamellar ; Infant, Newborn ; Membranes ; Skin

PURPOSE: The aim of this study was to determine the usefulness of ultrasonography for lumbar anatomical structure measurement. MATERIALS AND METHODS: From January 2011 to April 2011, 41 patients (22 males, 19 females) with back pain who visited the outpatient department and underwent lumbar magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) were selected. In each level of L4 and L5, we measured the longest distance and horizontal distance between each inferior articular process based off a spinous process. We also measured the distance between the spinous process tip and the vertebral body posterior surface and the thickness and width of the multifidus muscle. All distances were measured with ultrasonography and MRI and the two measurement results were compared. RESULTS: Using ultrasonography and MRI, we measured the distance between the spinous process tip and the posterior surface of the body. The distances were 39.16+/-8.71 mm/39.53+/-6.01 mm at L4 and 38.32+/-9.66 mm/37.74+/-10.54 mm at L5. The right multifidus muscle thickness measurements were 32.13+/-10.79 mm/33.84+/-9 mm at L4 and 31.32+/-10.04 mm/32.84+/-12.28 mm at L5. The measuring distance between the spinous process center to the posterior vertebral body surface and thickness of multifidus muscles by ultrasonography and MRI had significant correlations (p<0.05). CONCLUSION: Limitations still exist in measuring the structure of lumbar anatomy with ultrasonography. However, measuring the distance between the spinous process center to the vertebral body posterior surface and multifidus muscle thickness was effective.
Back Pain ; Humans ; Magnetic Resonance Imaging ; Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy ; Magnetics ; Magnets ; Male ; Muscles ; Outpatients ; Spine

No abstract available.
Lipomatosis*

PURPOSE: In order to evaluate the hypoxia-ischemia induced neurotoxic effect and the protective effect of vitamin E as an antioxidant, cell number and cell viability were measured in cerebral neurons and astrocytes derived in neonatal rats. METHODS: 7-day old neonatal rats were subjected to unilateral common carotid artery occlusion, and exposed to hypoxic condition for 3 hours. The protective effect of vitamin E, as an antioxidant was examined by XTT [2,3-bis(2-methoxy-4-nitro-5-sulfophenyl)-5-(phenylami-nocarbonyl) 12H-tetrazolium hydroxide] assay and cell number on 14 days after hypoxia-ischemia when the rats received an intraperitoneal injection of vitamin E immediately following hypoxia-ischemia. RESULTS: Hypoxic-ischemic condition positively decreased the cell number and cell viability of rat cerebral neurons in a time-dependent manner when rats were killed 72 hours after hypoxia- ischemia. 72 hours after hypoxia-ischemia, the cell number and viability of astrocytes were slightly decreased, compared with the saline treated group. In rats treated with vitamin E, the cell number and cell viability of neurons were significantly increased compared with those of the saline- or non-treated group. In hypoxic-ischemic treated rats after 14 days from hypoxia- ischemia, astrocytes were significantly proliferated, but vitamin E showed the protective effect on hypoxic-ischemia induced cell proliferation and cell viability. CONCLUSION: It is suggested that hypoxic-ischemic condition is more toxic in neurons than astrocytes, and selective antioxidants such as vitamin E, especially when it was administered within two hours after hypoxia-ischemia, is highly effective in preventing the cell death of neurons and astrocytes from hypoxia-ischemic condition in neonatal rats.
Animals ; Antioxidants ; Astrocytes ; Carotid Artery, Common ; Cell Count ; Cell Death ; Cell Proliferation ; Cell Survival ; Hypoxia-Ischemia, Brain* ; Injections, Intraperitoneal ; Ischemia ; Neurons ; Rats* ; Vitamin E* ; Vitamins*

No abstract available.
Hemorrhage* ; Hemorrhoids*