No abstract available.

Authors concluded an experimental study in order to find out what the effects of parathyroid hormone on cells derived from human Trabecular bone in vitro are on terms of proliferation of cells, adenylate cyclase activity and production of small substances such as osteocalcin and collagen type I. The results were as follows; 1. 3H-thymidine incorporation into cultured osteoblast was initially low (day 1–2), increased by exponential curve from day 3 till day 11. The uptakes of 3H-thymidine by osteoblasts, when bovine parathyroid hormone was added, increased dose-dependently. Greater increments were seen at concentrations of bovine PTH higher than 5.0 X10-8 mole. 2. Intracellular c-AMP accumulation was stimulated by bovine PTH in a dose-dependent manner and greater production was seen at concentrations of bovine PHT higher than 5.0 X10-8 mole. Maximal stimulation was observed at 1 X10-7 mole of bovine PTH. The concentrations of c-AMP were observed significantly higher in the presence of bovine PTH in a dose-dependent manner when compared to those of bovine PTH-absent culture condition. 3. Treatment with bovine parathyroid hormone of cultured osteoblasts resulted in increase of alkaline phophatase activity and synthesis of osteocalcin in the cultured media in a dose-dependent manner. Greater productions were observed at concentrations of bovine PTH higher than 5.0 X10-8 mole. 4. Synthesis of type I collagen by cultured osteoblasts in bovine PTH-added media was inversely proportional to their concentration, whereas control group showed minimal increments of no significance. These in vitro findings may suggest that PTH has a stimulatory effect on proliferation of osteoblast, c-AMP production and alkaline phosphatase activity in a direct manner.
Adenylyl Cyclases ; Alkaline Phosphatase ; Cell Proliferation ; Collagen Type I ; Humans ; In Vitro Techniques ; Osteoblasts ; Osteocalcin ; Parathyroid Hormone

No abstract available.
Appendicitis* ; Child ; Humans

No abstract available.
Rhinomanometry*

Amniotic embolism is a fatal disease with an abrupt onset and rapidly deteriorating clinical course. Its clinical features are various and the prediction of its occurrence is very difficult. Understanding its pathogenetic mechanisms has increased over the past two decades. We report on a case of amniotic embolism along with its full clinical manifestations after a normal delivery in the young primigravida.
Embolism*

Atrial flutter is and infrequent, but potentially unstable tachyarrythmia that occurs in pediatric ages. Transesophageal atrial pacing was used for treatment of 10 episodes of atrial flutter in 7 patients. At the time of atrial flutter conversion, patients were 6 days to 14 years old. 6 patients had associated with congenital heart disease. The atrial cycle length of atrial flutter ranged from 140 to 280 msec with variable atrioventricular conduction. Transesophageal atrial pacing was performed using a bipolar 4 F transesophageal electrode catheter. Atrial flutter conversion was accomplished with stimulation bursts using about 5 seconds of stimuli, 10 msec in duration at 20 to 27 mA. Pacing cycle length was 45 to 110 msec less than the atrial cycle length of tachycardia in 6 episodes. But in a neonate, underdrive pacing converted atrial flutter to sinus rhythm. Conversion attempts were unsuccessful on 2 occasions. Transesophageal atrial pacing is a safe and effective, minimally invasive technique for treatment of atrial flutter in infants and children.
Adolescent ; Atrial Flutter* ; Catheters ; Child* ; Electrodes ; Heart Defects, Congenital ; Humans ; Infant* ; Infant, Newborn ; Tachycardia

Voice changes developing after endotracheal intubation during right hemicolectomy with endotracheal intubation have been found to be due to a right recurrent laryngeal nerve palsy in 43-years-old male patient. It was likely that the inflated cuffed tube rode up to the level of the cricoid cartilage during the course of surgery as traction was placed on the endotracheal tube because the condenser humidifier and breathing circuit weighed heavy. Cuff overexpansion, in addition to muscle relaxation and decreased tracheal elasticity were considered as contributing factors of vocal cord palsy. We believe that tube traction and cuff overexpansion were the mechanism of vocal cord palsy in our patient. So we recommend the routine use of tube stand so that weigh of the breathing circuit does not transmit traction to the endotracheal tube. Concurrently, filling the cuff with a sample of the inspired mixture of gases, saline and 4% lidocaine in special cases or regular deflation of the cuff must be considered.
Cricoid Cartilage ; Elasticity ; Gases ; Humans ; Intubation, Intratracheal* ; Lidocaine ; Male ; Muscle Relaxation ; Respiration ; Traction ; Vocal Cord Paralysis* ; Vocal Cords* ; Voice

No abstract available.
Esophagus* ; Transplants*

The width of human epidural space was measured in 85 patients during spinal anesthesia. With the patient in the lateral position, the epidural space was located using a midline loss of resistance method through a 22 gauge spinal needle at either L3-4 or L4-5. After negative pressure was demonstrated, the needle was advanced without the introduction of air or fluid clear flow of CSF was established. The following parameters were recorded; age, sex, weight, height, weight/height ratio(ponderal index: PI), distance from the skin to the establishment of negative pressure(skin to epidural space: SE), distance from skin to clear flow of CSF(skin to subarachnoid space: SS), and distance from initiation of negative pressure to clear flow of CSF (epidural width: EW). The results were as follows; 1) At L3-4 epidural space, the mean values of the SE, SS and EW were 4.75+/-0.19cm, 5.36+/-0.79 cm and 6.12+/-3.49 mm, respectively. 2) At L4-5 epidural space, the mean values of the SE, SS and EW were 4.36+/-0.58cm, 5.00+/-0.74 cm and 6.33+/-3.92 mm, respectively. 3) The SE and SS measurements were increased significantly according to the increase of weight and PI. But EW showed no significant correlation with any measurement. We might say that we could predict SE and SS when we perform epidural anesthesia but have no method to predict the epidural width, thereby we have to pay special attention not to advance the needle deeply just after we enter the epidural space.
Anesthesia, Epidural ; Anesthesia, Spinal* ; Epidural Space* ; Humans ; Needles ; Skin ; Subarachnoid Space

No abstract available.
Cervix Uteri* ; Drug Therapy* ; Female