Authors have anthropologically measured the human skeleton from a Dugmoe Tomb of the technopolis of Kwang-ju city. The results obtained were as follows : 1. The human skeleton was thought to be constructed at the beginning of the period of the Chosun, judging from the Dugmoe Tomb. 2. It is female and its stature is estimated as about 163-165cm. The age of the skeleton is estimated to be late 50. 3. The cranial index is 77.09mm and the type is mesocephaly. 4. The cranial length-height index and the cranial breadth-height index were hypsicrane and acrocephaly. 5. The orbital index 95.0mm and the type is hypsiconch. 6. The humerus is comparatively long, slender and has more rounded diaphysis. 7. The femur is similar that of present day, and the type is platyer. 8. The abrasion of the occlusal surface of the teeth was 2.5 point.
Craniosynostoses ; Diaphyses ; Female ; Femur ; Gwangju* ; Humans* ; Humerus ; Orbit ; Skeleton* ; Tooth

This studies were examined and compared the immunohistochemical distribution of the two calcium -binding proteins calbindin D -28K and parvalbumin positive neurons in the brain stem and spinal cord after transection of spinal cord in rats. In this experiment, calbindin D -28K immunoreactive neurons were mainly found in many pyramidal cells distributed in the brain stem and spinal cord of rats. Calbindin D -28K neuropil labeling was strongly noted in brain stem and in spinal all segments of the spinal cord. In contrast to parvalbumin, little differences were found in distribution, size and morphology of calbindin D -28K cell body or neuropil staining in the brain stem and spinal cord. Parvalbumin immunoreactive cells were demonstrated in all lamina of the gray matter of the spinal cord. These immunoreactive cells had the most high density in the layer I and II dorsal horn and several nuclei of the ventral horn of the all segments of the spinal cord. These immunoreactive cells between the brain stem and spinal cord were quite different markedly in number, cell size and morphology The number of parvalbumin positive cells were more than twice in the brain stem and spinal cord compared to the calbindin D -28K positive cells. Calbindin D -28K and parvalbumin -immunoreactive somata were round, oval, spindle and polygonal in shape, and the positive neurons were unipolar, bipolar, multipolar and horizontal in shape. The diameters of the somata of the two positive neurons were 30 ~40 micrometer, respectively. Also dendrites of two positive neurons were densely arrayed in arborization.
Animals ; Brain Stem* ; Brain* ; Calbindins* ; Calcium ; Cell Count ; Dendrites ; Horns ; Neurons* ; Neuropil ; Pyramidal Cells ; Rats* ; Spinal Cord*

Fetal echocardiography is used by means of decleration of fetal cardiac anaztomy, to estabilish the diagnosis of congenital heart disease in utero. We attemped fetal echocardiography to ninty three pregnant women after intra uterine period 24 weeks, and estimated cardiac circumference, cardiac axis, pulmonary atery root diameter, arortic root diameter, diameter of inferior vena cava, diameter of superior ve studied how these estimates associate with following gestational na cava, and fractional shortening of ventricles. We ages. Cardiac axis was on the average 37.28 degree and cardiac apex was located in anterior left side of chest area. Aortic root diameter was 0.227 GA-0.043mm (GA=gestational age) at systolic phase, 0.203 GA+0.421mm at diastolic phase. Pulmonaly root diameter was 0.271 GA-0.029mm at systolic phase, 0.251 GA-0.067mm at diastolic phase. Thoracic aorta diameter was 0.195 GA+0.109mm at systolic phase, 0.198 GA+0.794mm at diastolic phase. Fractional shortening was 0.24 (1 Standard Deviation=0.11) in right ventricle, 0.23(1 SD=0.154) at left ventricle, and so ratio of right and left ventricle was 1.04(1 SD=0.51). Once normal fetal cardiac anatomy is understood, structural defects and/or alternation of function can be evaluated antenatally.
Aorta, Thoracic ; Axis, Cervical Vertebra ; Diagnosis ; Echocardiography* ; Female ; Heart Defects, Congenital ; Heart Ventricles ; Humans ; Pregnant Women ; Thorax ; Vena Cava, Inferior

Cystadenomas are benign neoplasm in which the epithelium demonstrates adenomatous proliferation. Several morphologic variants of cystadenomas have bean described, including papillary-oncocytic, mucous, and seromucous subtypes. Cystadenomas arising from salivary glands are very rare and seromucous cystadenoma of parotid gland has not been reported in Korea so far. Cystadenomas of the parotid gland usually Present as asymptomatic slowly growing mass and those of the minor salivary glands produce smooth nodules that may be compressible. We performed a superficial parotidectomy in a patient with a seromucous cystadenoma. This may be the first report of seromucous cystadenoma of carotid gland in Korea.
Cystadenoma* ; Epithelium ; Humans ; Korea ; Parotid Gland* ; Salivary Glands ; Salivary Glands, Minor

OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the accuracy of combined transvaginal ultrasound and beta-hCG discriminatory zone for diagnosing intrauterine pregnancy, abortion, and ectopic pregnancy in early abnormal pregnancy. METHODS: Initial ultrasound findings and beta-hCG level were compared with final pregnancy outcome in 164 early pregnant women who visit our hospital with vaginal bleeding or abdominal pain. The sensitivity, specificity, and predictive value by the combination of two diagnostic tools were calculated. Statistic analysis of collected data used x2 of SPSS(9.0). RESULTS: Of 90 women with normal outcome, 64(71.1%) had a gestational sac 5mm, and in 47 cases, the hCG level was above 1,800 mIU/ml. Transvaginal ultrasound was non-diagnostic in 47(28.6%) of 164 women, and especially, 43(53.1%) of 81 cases with beta-hCG levels below 1,800 mIU/ml. The portion of accurate ultrasound diagnosis was significantly higher in women above 1,800 mIU/ml (85.5%, 71 of 83 cases) compard with levels below 1,800 mIU/ml (37.0%, 30 of 81 cases) : P < 0.001; Relative Risk(RR) 2.31; CI 95%. Sensitivity of transvaginal ultrasound diagnosis of intrauterine pregnancy, abortion, and ectopic pregnancy was 90.2%, 79.3%, and 66.7% in women who presented with beta-hCG levels above 1,800 mIU/ml, and 41.0%, 23.5%, and 75% below 1,800 mIU/ml, respectively. And, negative predictive value was 83.9%, 89.7%, and 98.8% in each of intrauterine pregnancy, abortion, and ectopic pregnancy above 1,800 mIU/ml, and 64.6%, 60%, and 97.3% below 1,800 mIU/ml, respectively. CONCLUSIONS: The sensitivity, specificity, and predictive value of transvaginal ultrasound for diagnosing abnormal early pregnancy were poor except cases of ectopic pregnancy when beta-hCG levels were low than discriminatory zone. Ultrasound impressions were well related with beta-hCG levels.
Abdominal Pain ; Diagnosis ; Female ; Gestational Sac ; Humans ; Pregnancy Outcome ; Pregnancy* ; Pregnancy, Ectopic ; Pregnant Women ; Sensitivity and Specificity ; Ultrasonography* ; Uterine Hemorrhage

The possible complications after parotidectomy are facial nerve palsy, Frey's syndrome, sialocele, salivary fistula, hematoma infection, and flap necrosis. Postoperative sialocele and salivary fistula are relatively uncommon and the management varies. We experienced a rare postoperative complication of excessive and prolonged drainage of saliva after superficial parotidectomy and removal of an necessary parotid gland tumor. The patient could be treated successfully with conservative management such as compressive dressing, restriction of oral intake of irritant food, maintenance of oral hygiene and the use of amitriptyline(antidepressant).
Bandages ; Drainage* ; Facial Nerve ; Fistula ; Hematoma ; Humans ; Necrosis ; Oral Hygiene ; Paralysis ; Parotid Gland* ; Postoperative Complications ; Saliva ; Sweating, Gustatory

Escherichia coli O157 is an important serotype of enterohemorrhagic E. coli that causes hemorrhagic colitis worldwide. Outbreaks of E. coli O157 have been assocoated with contaminated food like meat, raw milk, and water, but recently vegetables and fruits have accounted for a growing number of recognized outbreaks. We isolated verotoxin producing E. coli O157 from the stool of a 3 year-old female with bloody diarrhea and abdominal pain. The child had been eating salad with vegetables and fruits frequently.
Abdominal Pain ; Child ; Colitis ; Diarrhea ; Disease Outbreaks ; Eating ; Enterohemorrhagic Escherichia coli ; Escherichia ; Escherichia coli ; Escherichia coli O157 ; Female ; Fruit ; Humans ; Meat ; Milk ; Shiga Toxins ; Vegetables

No abstract available.
Uterus*

Transforming growth factor-alpha (TGF-alpha) induces the proliferation and differentiation of central nervous system (CNS) as well as the survival and differentiation of postmitotic CNS neurons. Previous studies have mainly focused on the TGF-alpha expression throughout brain regions. The purpose of this study was to examine TGF-alpha immunoreactivity in the neocortex of the rat during postnatal development in detail. TGF-alpha immunoreactivity in the neocortex of the rat followed very different patterns according to postnatal ages and cortical areas. In the newborn rat, TGF-alpha-immunore-active neurons were found in all cortical areas except the gustatory area. Especially, In the parietal cortex, weakly-labelled TGF-alpha-immunoreactive neurons appeared in layers II and III from P0 to P5. Areal difference between primary and secondary somatosensory area was observed in the rostral parietal zone at P10, but TGF-alpha-immunore-active neurons distributed in layers from II to VI in the caudal parietal zone. From P15 to P90, heavily-labelled neurons appeared in layers from II to VI throughout the parietal cortex. In the granular retrosplenial area, TGF-alpha-immunore-active neurons first appeared at P15. The intensity and number of the immunoreactivity of TGF-alpha-containing neurons increased during the first 20 day of postnatal life but dramatically decreased at P30. Mature patterns of TGF-alpha-immunoreactive neurons were achieved at P20. These results indicate that TGF-alpha immunoreactivity in the neocortex may be related to the early appearance of TGF-alpha immunoreactivity in many other brain regions, and suggest that TGF-alpha is widely distributed in the brain of rat and TGF-alpha may play a role during postnatal development of the cerebral cortex.
Animals ; Brain ; Central Nervous System ; Cerebral Cortex* ; Humans ; Immunohistochemistry ; Infant, Newborn ; Neocortex ; Neurons ; Rabeprazole ; Rats* ; Transforming Growth Factor alpha