Arrhythmogenic right ventricular dysplasia/cardiomyopathy (ARVD/C) is characterized histologically by massive infilteration of right ventricular wall by fat tissue with surviving strands of cardiomyocytes bordered by or embedded in fibrosis. ARVC has been recognized as a cause of sudden death, especially in the young. We report an autopy case of ARVD/C in a 35-year-old female. She was found dead in her house under apparently natural circumstances. The autopsy revealed a dilated 340-gram heart with a fibrofatty replacement of the right ventricular myocardium. On the review of her past medical history, she had taken medical examination for prolonged general weakness about 1 year prior to death. At that time the echocardiogram revealed dilatation of right ventricular cavity size and moderately decreased left ventricular systolic function, the electrocardiogram revealed R>S at V1 lead and T-wave inversion at V1-V3 leads. To the best of our knowledge, this is the second autopsy case of ARVD/C, reported in the literature of Korea.
Adult ; Autopsy* ; Death, Sudden ; Dilatation ; Electrocardiography ; Female ; Fibrosis ; Heart ; Humans ; Korea ; Myocardium ; Myocytes, Cardiac

No abstract available.
Carcinoma, Adenosquamous* ; Lung*

No abstract available.
Adenocarcinoma* ; Scrotum* ; Stomach Neoplasms*

No abstract available.
Biopsy*

PURPOSE: We evaluated the rate of prostate cancer detection according to the region and number of biopsies in patients with an elevated level of serum prostate-specific antigen (PSA). MATERIALS AND METHODS: Transrectal ultrasound (TRUS) guided prostate biopsies were performed at 12 regions, using the standard sextant, with an additional 6 cores far lateral peripheral zone, in 178 men with an elevated PSA level, and with no suspicious lesions of prostate cancer on digital rectal examination (DRE) and TRUS. We analyzed the rate prostate cancer detection according to the region, number of biopsies, the PSA level, prostate volume and PSA density (PSAD). RESULTS: The rates of cancer detection were 12.9, 11.8 and 7.4% in the 12 core, lateral 6 core and medial 6 core (standard sextant) biopsies, respectively (p<0.05). There were no differences in overall cancer detection rates between 12 core and lateral 6 core plus apex medial 2 core biopsies (12.9%). In men with a PSA level greater than 20ng/ml, no difference in cancer detection was found with the 12 core or either of the 6 core biopsies (positive rate 33.3%). In men with a PSA level over 10ng/ml, a prostate volume less than 49cc or a PSAD greater than 0.15, a lateral 6 core biopsy made no difference to the diagnosis of prostate cancer compared to a 12 core biopsy. CONCLUSIONS: A lateral 6 core biopsy, combined with an apex medial 2 core biopsy, is a more efficient method for the detection of prostate cancer than the standard sextant biopsy in men with an elevated serum PSA level without a suspicious lesion on DRE and TRUS.
Biopsy* ; Diagnosis ; Digital Rectal Examination ; Humans ; Male ; Prostate* ; Prostate-Specific Antigen ; Prostatic Neoplasms* ; Ultrasonography

Kaposis sarcoma is well recognized in patient,s with imrnunodef cienicy states such as organ trans plantation, malignancy, and acquired irnmunodeficiency syndrome(tILS). Kaposis sarcorna associated with organ transplantation is, however relatively uncomrnon in Konea. We report a case of Kaposi's sarcorna in a 23 year old male kidney recipient., who was on cyclosporine and prednisolone. The tumor involved the larynx and long as well as the skin. He was treated with radiation therapy and chemotherapy, and the dosage of immunosupressants were reduced.
Cyclosporine ; Drug Therapy ; Humans ; Kidney Transplantation* ; Kidney* ; Larynx ; Male ; Organ Transplantation ; Prednisolone ; Sarcoma, Kaposi* ; Skin ; Transplants ; Young Adult

This statistical analysis of 4,709 legal autopsies performed in Korea in 2012 was conducted to obtain primary data about and related variables. The analysis revealed the following: 1. Of the total number of deaths, men accounted for and women, 26.8%. Evidently, the number of deaths among men was more than twice that among women. 2. With respect to mode of death, 54.8% were recorded as unnatural deaths, 39.2% were natural deaths, and 6.0% had unknown causes. Of the 2,581 unnatural deaths, 44.8% were accidental deaths; 27.2%, suicidal; 17.5%, homicidal; and 10.3%, undetermined. 3. Of the total number of unnatural deaths, 43.0% were trauma-related deaths, for which falling down was the leading cause, accounting for 33.5% cases. Asphyxiation was accounted for 17.2%, among which the predominant cause was hanging (55.3%). Moreover, 12.5% of deaths were due to drowning; 11.5%, poisoning; 11.2%, thermal injuries; 2.7%, complications in medical procedures; and 0.3%, electrocution, starvation, or neglect. 4. Among 1,847 natural deaths, heart diseases accounted for 50.2% and vascular diseases accounted for 16.7%. 5. There were 207 cases of deaths among children under the age of 10, of which 94 were unnatural and 49 were homicidal deaths. Of all cases, 9.2% had an unknown cause of death, and of these 67.6%, were putrefied or skeletonized bodies.
Autopsy* ; Cause of Death ; Child ; Drowning ; Female ; Heart Diseases ; Humans ; Korea* ; Male ; Poisoning ; Skeleton ; Starvation ; Vascular Diseases

PURPOSE: Lymph node metastasis is one of the most important prognostic factors in breast cancer. Survival of patients with axillary node positive breast cancer is worse than that of patients with axillary lymph node negative breast cancer. Recently, some authors suggest that axillary dissection may be avoidable if sentinel nodes of the breast cancer do not harbour metastasis. However, 15-20 % of patients with lymph node negative breast cancer recurs within 10 years. Micrometastasis, which was missed or not detected in routine histologic examination, is thought to be one of the reasons for recurrence of axillary node negative breast cancer patients. METHODS: We investigated the frequency of micrometastasis and any clinical significance of micrometastasis in the breast cancer by immunohistochemical staining with anti-cytokeratin antibody from July, 1996 to November, 1990. 70 patients who underwent curative resection for axillary node negative breast cancer were studied retrospectively. We used paraffin blocks of lymph nodes which did not show metastasis by conventional pathological examination. After preparation of tissue blocks with a serial sectioning technique, specimens were stained by an immunohistochemical method using anti-cytokeratin antibody. Hematoxylin-eosin stainings were also repeated. We define metastasis less than 2mm as a micrometastasis. RESULTS: The results showed that micrometastasis were found in 8 of 70 cases(11.4%). There was a significant relationship between the micrometastasis and tumor size. With median follow-up of 20 months, we found 3 recurrences in 70 patients. : 2 recurrences(3.2%) in the 62 axillary node negative breast cancer patients and 1 recurrences(12.5%) in 8 micrometastasis patients. CONCLUSIONSThe results showed that micrometastasis of lymph node in breast cancer might increase the rick for development of breast cancer recurrence. But, there was no significant relationship between the micrometastasis and recurrence of breast cancer because of small numbers of recurrences and relatively short follow-up period. Long tern follow-up will be needed for further evaluation.
Animals ; Breast Neoplasms* ; Breast* ; Charadriiformes ; Follow-Up Studies ; Humans ; Lymph Nodes* ; Neoplasm Metastasis ; Neoplasm Micrometastasis* ; Paraffin ; Recurrence ; Retrospective Studies

PURPOSE: Emergency medical service (EMS) providers often care for pregnant women at risk for out-of-hospital delivery and born-before-arrival neonates. As the increase in mortality and morbidity from out-of-hospital delivery is well established, this study sought to determine whether a delivery and neonatal care education program could impact the knowledge and practice of EMS providers. METHODS: EMS providers working in the southeast Gyeonggi province in South Korea received an education program for out-of-hospital delivery and neonatal care. The program consisted of a pretest, didactic, mannequin training, and posttest. Six months after the education program a follow-up survey was administered. A paired t-test was then used to compare pretest and posttest scores. Overall, 56 EMS providers completed the study. RESULTS: The pretest average score was 80.4 and the posttest average score was 92.9 (p<0.001). The percentage of correct answers on each question was relatively and equally elevated in the posttest, regardless of the participant's certification. Participants expressed their satisfaction with the education program and this appraisal was maintained in the 6-month follow-up survey. CONCLUSION: These results suggest that EMS providers can benefit from a didactic and training session regarding out-of-hospital delivery and neonatal care. Further studies are needed, however, to develop the reliability and validity of the test and to determine its clinical applications.
Certification ; Delivery, Obstetric ; Education* ; Emergencies* ; Emergency Medical Services* ; Female ; Follow-Up Studies ; Gyeonggi-do ; Humans ; Infant, Newborn ; Manikins ; Mortality ; Pregnant Women ; Reproducibility of Results ; Republic of Korea

PURPOSE: The purposes of this study were to evaluate the plain radiologic findings of the childhood intussusception and to evaluate the role of plain abdominal films in predicting the success of air or barium reduction. SUBJECTS AND METHODS: We retrospectively reviewed 140 cases with the diagnosis of intussusception in children. The radiological signs that included soft tissue mass, dilatation of small bowel suggesting obstruction, crescent sign, and target sign were evaluated in terms of frequency. The relationship between radiological findings and outcome of reduction was analyzed. The site of soft tissue mass or crescent sign seen on plain radiographs was correlated with the position of the apex of the intussusceptum seen at the beginning of barium enema. The degree of dilated small bowel was evaluated by calculating the proportion of air-filled small bowel occupying peritoneal cavity and measuring the maximal diameter of dilated bowel lumen. The radiological finding for small bowel obstruction is determined by observation of the degree of small bowel dilatation and/or air-fulid levels. RESULTS: Ninety-two cases out of 140 showed one or more radiographic signs. Two most common signs were soft tissue mass and small bowel obstruction. The success rate of air or barium reduction was significantly lower in patients with most severe degree of dilatation of small bowel and/or more than 7 air-fulid levels on erect view. The suspected location of intussusception on plain radiographs correlated well with the true location of intussusception seen in the first few seconds of barium reduction. CONCLUSION: Plain abdominal radiography is useful in the diagnosis of intussusception and provides helpful informations for the reduction procedure as well as for the exclusion of the contraindications such as bowel perforation.
Barium ; Child ; Diagnosis ; Dilatation ; Enema ; Humans ; Intussusception* ; Peritoneal Cavity ; Radiography, Abdominal ; Retrospective Studies