Arrhythmogenic right ventricular dysplasia/cardiomyopathy (ARVD/C) is characterized histologically by massive infilteration of right ventricular wall by fat tissue with surviving strands of cardiomyocytes bordered by or embedded in fibrosis. ARVC has been recognized as a cause of sudden death, especially in the young. We report an autopy case of ARVD/C in a 35-year-old female. She was found dead in her house under apparently natural circumstances. The autopsy revealed a dilated 340-gram heart with a fibrofatty replacement of the right ventricular myocardium. On the review of her past medical history, she had taken medical examination for prolonged general weakness about 1 year prior to death. At that time the echocardiogram revealed dilatation of right ventricular cavity size and moderately decreased left ventricular systolic function, the electrocardiogram revealed R>S at V1 lead and T-wave inversion at V1-V3 leads. To the best of our knowledge, this is the second autopsy case of ARVD/C, reported in the literature of Korea.
Adult ; Autopsy* ; Death, Sudden ; Dilatation ; Electrocardiography ; Female ; Fibrosis ; Heart ; Humans ; Korea ; Myocardium ; Myocytes, Cardiac

No abstract available.
Carcinoma, Adenosquamous* ; Lung*

No abstract available.
Adenocarcinoma* ; Scrotum* ; Stomach Neoplasms*

No abstract available.
Biopsy*

Kaposis sarcoma is well recognized in patient,s with imrnunodef cienicy states such as organ trans plantation, malignancy, and acquired irnmunodeficiency syndrome(tILS). Kaposis sarcorna associated with organ transplantation is, however relatively uncomrnon in Konea. We report a case of Kaposi's sarcorna in a 23 year old male kidney recipient., who was on cyclosporine and prednisolone. The tumor involved the larynx and long as well as the skin. He was treated with radiation therapy and chemotherapy, and the dosage of immunosupressants were reduced.
Cyclosporine ; Drug Therapy ; Humans ; Kidney Transplantation* ; Kidney* ; Larynx ; Male ; Organ Transplantation ; Prednisolone ; Sarcoma, Kaposi* ; Skin ; Transplants ; Young Adult

This statistical analysis of 4,709 legal autopsies performed in Korea in 2012 was conducted to obtain primary data about and related variables. The analysis revealed the following: 1. Of the total number of deaths, men accounted for and women, 26.8%. Evidently, the number of deaths among men was more than twice that among women. 2. With respect to mode of death, 54.8% were recorded as unnatural deaths, 39.2% were natural deaths, and 6.0% had unknown causes. Of the 2,581 unnatural deaths, 44.8% were accidental deaths; 27.2%, suicidal; 17.5%, homicidal; and 10.3%, undetermined. 3. Of the total number of unnatural deaths, 43.0% were trauma-related deaths, for which falling down was the leading cause, accounting for 33.5% cases. Asphyxiation was accounted for 17.2%, among which the predominant cause was hanging (55.3%). Moreover, 12.5% of deaths were due to drowning; 11.5%, poisoning; 11.2%, thermal injuries; 2.7%, complications in medical procedures; and 0.3%, electrocution, starvation, or neglect. 4. Among 1,847 natural deaths, heart diseases accounted for 50.2% and vascular diseases accounted for 16.7%. 5. There were 207 cases of deaths among children under the age of 10, of which 94 were unnatural and 49 were homicidal deaths. Of all cases, 9.2% had an unknown cause of death, and of these 67.6%, were putrefied or skeletonized bodies.
Autopsy* ; Cause of Death ; Child ; Drowning ; Female ; Heart Diseases ; Humans ; Korea* ; Male ; Poisoning ; Skeleton ; Starvation ; Vascular Diseases

PURPOSE: We evaluated the rate of prostate cancer detection according to the region and number of biopsies in patients with an elevated level of serum prostate-specific antigen (PSA). MATERIALS AND METHODS: Transrectal ultrasound (TRUS) guided prostate biopsies were performed at 12 regions, using the standard sextant, with an additional 6 cores far lateral peripheral zone, in 178 men with an elevated PSA level, and with no suspicious lesions of prostate cancer on digital rectal examination (DRE) and TRUS. We analyzed the rate prostate cancer detection according to the region, number of biopsies, the PSA level, prostate volume and PSA density (PSAD). RESULTS: The rates of cancer detection were 12.9, 11.8 and 7.4% in the 12 core, lateral 6 core and medial 6 core (standard sextant) biopsies, respectively (p<0.05). There were no differences in overall cancer detection rates between 12 core and lateral 6 core plus apex medial 2 core biopsies (12.9%). In men with a PSA level greater than 20ng/ml, no difference in cancer detection was found with the 12 core or either of the 6 core biopsies (positive rate 33.3%). In men with a PSA level over 10ng/ml, a prostate volume less than 49cc or a PSAD greater than 0.15, a lateral 6 core biopsy made no difference to the diagnosis of prostate cancer compared to a 12 core biopsy. CONCLUSIONS: A lateral 6 core biopsy, combined with an apex medial 2 core biopsy, is a more efficient method for the detection of prostate cancer than the standard sextant biopsy in men with an elevated serum PSA level without a suspicious lesion on DRE and TRUS.
Biopsy* ; Diagnosis ; Digital Rectal Examination ; Humans ; Male ; Prostate* ; Prostate-Specific Antigen ; Prostatic Neoplasms* ; Ultrasonography

PURPOSE: We evaluated the diagnostic value of systematic sextant and lesion directed biopsy regimen in patients with hypoechoic lesions on transrectal ultrasonography (TRUS) for the detection of prostate cancer. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Between September 2003 and November 2005, a total of 142 men with sonomorphologic lesions suggestive of prostate cancer on TRUS underwent prostate biopsy. In all the subjects, lesion directed biopsies were taken in addition to the systematic 12 core biopsies. We examined the cancers detected in only the lateral region of 12 cores and the cancers detected in only the lesion directed biopsy, as well as the overall cancer detection rate. And, we compared the cancer detection rates of sextant and lesion directed biopsy, 12 core biopsy, and 12 core and lesion directed biopsy strategy. RESULTS: Of the 142 patients who underwent 12 core and lesion directed biopsy, 48 patients (33.8%) were diagnosed as having prostate cancer. The prostate cancer detection rate for systematic sextant and lesion directed biopsy and for 12 core biopsy was 28.9% (41/142) and 31.0% (44/142), respectively. There was no significant difference in the overall cancer detection rate between the three biopsy strategies (p=0.667). Also, when stratified by prostate-specific antigen (PSA) level, prostate volume, and digital rectal examination (DRE) findings, there was no significant difference in cancer detection rate between the three regimens. CONCLUSIONS: The systematic sextant and lesion directed biopsy strategy for patients with focal hypoechoic lesions on TRUS is an adequate and reasonable approach for the detection of prostate cancer with a relatively small number of biopsy cores.
Biopsy* ; Diagnosis ; Digital Rectal Examination ; Humans ; Male ; Prostate ; Prostate-Specific Antigen ; Prostatic Neoplasms ; Ultrasonography*

Eucommia ulmoides Oliv. Bark (EUE) is commonly used for the treatment of hypertension, rheumatoid arthritis, lumbago, and ischialgia as well as to promote longevity. In this study, we tested the effects of EUE aqueous extract in graded doses to protect and enhance cognition in scopolamine-induced learning and memory impairments in mice. EUE significantly improved the impairment of short-term or working memory induced by scopolamine in the Y-maze and significantly reversed learning and memory deficits in mice as measured by the passive avoidance and Morris water maze tests. One day after the last trial session of the Morris water maze test (probe trial session), EUE dramatically increased the latency time in the target quadrant in a dose-dependent manner. Furthermore, EUE significantly inhibited acetylcholinesterase (AChE) and thiobarbituric acid reactive substance (TBARS) activities in the hippocampus and frontal cortex in a dose-dependent manner. EUE also markedly increased brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) and phosphorylation of cAMP element binding protein (CREB) in the hippocampus of scopolamine-induced mice. Based on these findings, we suggest that EUE may be useful for the treatment of cognitive deficits, and that the beneficial effects of EUE are mediated, in part, by cholinergic signaling enhancement and/or protection.
Acetylcholinesterase ; Alzheimer Disease ; Animals ; Arthritis, Rheumatoid ; Brain-Derived Neurotrophic Factor ; Carrier Proteins ; Cognition ; Eucommiaceae* ; Hippocampus ; Hypertension ; Learning* ; Longevity ; Low Back Pain ; Maze Learning ; Memory Disorders* ; Memory* ; Memory, Short-Term ; Mice* ; Phosphorylation ; Scopolamine Hydrobromide

The Arnold-Chiari type I malformation has many symptoms such as headache, neck pain, gait impairment, abnormal movements or postures. But a few cases reported association of specific symptom including headache, neck pain, vertigo or ataxia. We report a case of 12 year-old boy presenting with tip-toe gait. Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) study of brain and spine revealed underlying Arnold-Chiari type I malformation. This case shows that it is need for central nervous system evaluation in patients with changes of lower extremities tone.
Ataxia ; Brain ; Central Nervous System ; Dyskinesias ; Gait ; Headache ; Humans ; Lower Extremity ; Magnetic Resonance Imaging ; Neck Pain ; Posture ; Spine ; Vertigo