BACKGROUND: Ketamine use in emergency room has been increased. It has rapid onset of action and appropriate duration of action. It does not need endotracheal intubation and produces potent analgesia, sedation, and amnesia. The object of this study is to determine the safety and the degree of physician's satisfaction in relation to ketamine use. MATERIALS AND METHODS: This is a prospective study using protocol. Pediatric trauma patients who need sedation were given IM ketamine(4mg/kg) and atropine(0.01mg/kg) in a same syringe. Monitoring of patients was done by EM residents and complications of ketamine use were recorded. Physician's satisfaction was also recorded after the procedure. RESULTS: Intramuscular ketamine was administered 54 times, mainly for laceration repair. Physicians completed protocol for 51 of treated children. The median time for onset of sedation was 6.5+/-2.4 min, and duration of action was 32.4+/-10.8 min. Hypersalivation occurred in 9.8%(n=5); random movement 3.9%(n=2), emesis during procedure(n=1), emesis at home(n=1), and transient oxygen desaturation(n=1). All were quickly identified and treated without specific airway management and sequelae. Of 84% of physicians was satisfied with ketamine use for pediatric sedation. CONCLUSION: Intramuscular ketamine can be administered safely and satisfactorily in emergency room to facilitate pediatric procedures in conjunction with a defined protocol and appropriate monitoring.
Airway Management ; Amnesia ; Analgesia ; Child ; Emergencies* ; Emergency Service, Hospital* ; Humans ; Intubation, Intratracheal ; Ketamine* ; Lacerations ; Oxygen ; Prospective Studies ; Sialorrhea ; Syringes ; Vomiting

Recently autogenous nerve graft was usually used for segmental defect of peripheal nerve injury. In case of inappropriate size or amount of donor nerve graft, there were many studies included nerve regeneration with special nerve conduit material. To compare the result of autogenous nerve graft with that of silicone tubing method in segmental defect of sciatic nerve, the experiments were carried out on adult rats with autogenous nerve graft on the left side and silicone tubing on the right side. The results were as follows; 1. Myelinated nerve fibers were larger in silicone tubing method than autogenous nerve graft at postop. 4 weeks. 2. There was no difference in nerve regeneration in both groups at postop. 12 weeks. 3. Some atrophic changes were showed in denervated muscles in both groups at postop. 4 weeks. Skeletal muscle changes between the two groups were meagre. 4. Perineural adhension was rare in silicone tubing group in contrast to autogenous nerve graft group. 5. Nerve Conduction Velocity was similar between autogenous nerve graft and silicone tubing method after 4 weeks postoperatively. In conclusion, this study suggests that silicone tubing can be useful method to repair the large nerve gaps and has a potential clinical utilization in large segmental nerve defect.
Adult ; Animals ; Autografts ; Humans ; Methods ; Muscle, Skeletal ; Muscles ; Nerve Fibers, Myelinated ; Nerve Regeneration ; Neural Conduction ; Rats ; Sciatic Nerve ; Silicon ; Silicones ; Tissue Donors ; Transplants

Relapsing polychondritis is a rare inflammatory disorder affecting the cartilaginous structures throughout the body. Although there is no pathognomonic laboratory tests, clinical features, when coupled with histopathologic findings, enable one to make a diagnosis of relapsing polychondritis. A 26-year-old man presented with purplish, swollen, and tender auricles and injected eyes. His symptoms had developed eight months ago and fluctuated irrespective of various medications such as corticosteroids and antibiotics. Histopathologic examination revealed loss of basophilic staining of the cartilage with some dissolution of its structures. Treatment was initiated with dapsone, However, the remission was too immediate to be considered as a effect of dapsone.
Adrenal Cortex Hormones ; Adult ; Anti-Bacterial Agents ; Basophils ; Cartilage ; Dapsone ; Diagnosis ; Humans ; Polychondritis, Relapsing*

No abstract available.
Emergencies* ; Emergency Service, Hospital*

Requirement of blood transfusion has been progressively increased and supplements by volunteer donor are not sufficient to their requirements. Moreover homologous blood transfusion are not supplied without risks, espcially the transmission of the serum hepatitis. Twenty procedures, including two total hip replacement arthroplasty, were carried out with acute hemodilutional autotransfusion. The results of this study show that autotransfusion is a safe method without difficulty of blood replacement in elective orthopedic procedures.
Arthroplasty ; Arthroplasty, Replacement, Hip ; Blood Transfusion ; Blood Transfusion, Autologous ; Clinical Study ; Hepatitis ; Humans ; Methods ; Orthopedic Procedures ; Orthopedics ; Tissue Donors ; Volunteers

Fractures involving joints and about the joints provide complex problems with small comminuted fractures, surrounding soft tissue injuries and articular cartilage damage. Various problems are also encountered on the weight bearing surface, especially on the convex side of the distal Femur. Even though many auther had recommended kinds of management upto now, operative methods are more suggested in order to get good results regarding with the accurate anatomical reduction, rigid internal fixation and early joint motion. The clinical analysis of rnanagements of 20 cases of distai femoral fracture demonstrate that seperate dual incision-bilateral or right angle plane-to originate fracture site, and anatomical reduction & rigid internal fixation, early non-weight bearing ROM exercise of joint were sometimes mandatory to treat the displaced, comminuted fracture.
Cartilage, Articular ; Femoral Fractures ; Femur ; Fractures, Comminuted ; Joints ; Soft Tissue Injuries ; Weight-Bearing

The most common fracture about the elbow joint in chilren is a supracondylar fracture. The displaced fracture is difficult to manage due to the potential danger of Volkmann's ischemia, nerve injury, and malunion, During the period of 6 years from June, 1979 to June, 1985, 63 children with supracondylar fractures of the humerus were treated at Pusan Paik Hospital, Inje Medical College, and analyzed. The results are summarized as follows: 1. The average age was 7.1 years, ranged from 1 year to 14 years, and the male and female ratio was 2.5: l. 2. In type of fracture, extension type was 92% and flexion type was 8%. In displacement of fracture, Grade I was only 2 cases, Grade III and IV were 87.3%. Posteromedial displacement was 42.8% (27 cases). 3. At the time of admission, 15cases(23.8%) accompanied nerve injury, of these median nerve injury (9 cases) was most common. All the patient with nerve injury were completely recovered within 14 months after reduction. 4. Severe cubitus varus was 14.2%, and severe limitation of elbow motion was 1.6%. 5. Of 61 displaced fractures, 37 patients were treated with closed reduction and percutaneous pin fixation. By Flynn's criteria, satisfactory results were obtained in 36 of the 37 patients(97.3%) treated with percutaneous pinning. 6. In the displaced fractures, closed reduction and percutaneous pinning is a satisfactory method for obtaining and maintaining reduction while preserving vascular function, if acute flexion is necessary for stable reduction.
Busan ; Child ; Clinical Study ; Elbow ; Elbow Joint ; Female ; Fractures, Closed ; Humans ; Humerus ; Ischemia ; Male ; Median Nerve ; Methods

No abstract available.
Fractures, Open*

No abstract available.
Head* ; Neck*

No abstract available.
Decompression* ; Follow-Up Studies* ; Spine* ; Titanium*