The medial collateral ligament is the most commonly injured ligamentous structure of the knee. The management of the medial collateral ligament injuries were divided into surgical and conservative treatment. More recently, many investigators reported that isolated medial collateral ligament injuries did well under non-operative treatment. So, arthroscopic examination of the knee to rule out other intraarticular pathologic conditions such as cruciate ligament injuries, meniscal tear and osteochondral lesion is essential. From October 1993 to April 1995, we treated 45 cases of Grade III medial collateral ligament injuries and arthroscopic finding for cruciate ligament, meniscus, bony structure were analized in these cases. The result were as follows; 1. Anterior cruciate ligament injury:37.5% in +1 degree, 42.8% in +2 degree, 86.7% in +3 degree 2. Posterior cruciate ligament injury:12.5% in +1 degree, 13.4% in +2 degree, 33.3% in +3 degree 3. Meniscal injury:12.5% in +1 degree, 21.3% in +2 degree, 33.4% in +3 degree 4. Medial capsular ligament injury was more frequent and severe in the meniscofemoral ligament than in the meniscotibial ligament, but that finding was not correlated with degree of medial instability.
Anterior Cruciate Ligament ; Collateral Ligaments ; Humans ; Knee ; Ligaments ; Posterior Cruciate Ligament ; Research Personnel ; Rupture ; Tears

No abstract available.

Atrial flutter is and infrequent, but potentially unstable tachyarrythmia that occurs in pediatric ages. Transesophageal atrial pacing was used for treatment of 10 episodes of atrial flutter in 7 patients. At the time of atrial flutter conversion, patients were 6 days to 14 years old. 6 patients had associated with congenital heart disease. The atrial cycle length of atrial flutter ranged from 140 to 280 msec with variable atrioventricular conduction. Transesophageal atrial pacing was performed using a bipolar 4 F transesophageal electrode catheter. Atrial flutter conversion was accomplished with stimulation bursts using about 5 seconds of stimuli, 10 msec in duration at 20 to 27 mA. Pacing cycle length was 45 to 110 msec less than the atrial cycle length of tachycardia in 6 episodes. But in a neonate, underdrive pacing converted atrial flutter to sinus rhythm. Conversion attempts were unsuccessful on 2 occasions. Transesophageal atrial pacing is a safe and effective, minimally invasive technique for treatment of atrial flutter in infants and children.
Adolescent ; Atrial Flutter* ; Catheters ; Child* ; Electrodes ; Heart Defects, Congenital ; Humans ; Infant* ; Infant, Newborn ; Tachycardia

We compared cycloplegic refraction after convenient, less toxic single-dose atropinization with conventional three-day atropinization in esotropic children. We examined sixty children below eight years of age with esotropia. Their eyes were examined by cycloplegic refraction at 90 and 120 minutes after administering a drop of atropine twice at five minutes interval. After eight applications for three days, we performed cycloplegic refraction of their eyes. In the two groups, spherical equivalent and spherical power were statistically significantly different, and it had no statistical significance between the measurement of single-dose atropinization plus 0.5 diopter and three-day atropinization. The side effects were found lesser in single-dose application than conventional three-day applications. The results showed that single-dose atropinization can be substituted for conventional three-day atropinization in clinical practice.
Atropine ; Child* ; Esotropia ; Humans

Linear nevus sebaceous syndrome is an uncommon neurocutaneous disorder characterized by nevus sebaceus, seizures, and mental retardation, and is often accompanied by ocular anormalies. We recently experienced a case of conjunctival choristoma associated with linear nevus sebaceous syndrome in a 17-month-old boy. The child was the product of a full-term uncomplicated pregnancy and normal delivery with normal karyotype of 46, XY. He was noted at birth to have a conjunctival mass on the right eye and linear nevi over the midline facial region and right temporoparietal scalp. Ophthalmologic examination revealed optic atrophy, peripapillary staphyloma, macular hypogenesis, and osseous choristoma of the choroid. A computed tomography scan demonstrated widening of the subarachnoid space and moderate atrophy of the cerebral and cerebellar hemispheres. He has been followed by ophthalmology and completely free of seizures since birth. The patient underwent excision of the conjunctival mass and biopsies of the skin lesion at 17 months of age. Histologic examination of the skin biopsies was characteristic for the linear sebaceous nevus of Jadassohn. Histologic findings of the conjunctival lesion showed a complex choristoma that contained lacrimal gland tissue and cartilage.
Atrophy ; Biopsy ; Cartilage ; Child ; Choristoma* ; Choroid ; Humans ; Infant ; Intellectual Disability ; Karyotype ; Lacrimal Apparatus ; Male ; Neurocutaneous Syndromes ; Nevus* ; Nevus, Sebaceous of Jadassohn ; Ophthalmology ; Optic Atrophy ; Parturition ; Pregnancy ; Scalp ; Seizures ; Skin ; Subarachnoid Space

No abstract available.
Gastric Mucosa* ; Helicobacter pylori* ; Helicobacter*

BACKGROUND: Although most dermatologic laser systems were developed to damage target tissue selectively, the epidermal injury has been a major problem in treating skin lesions of colored people. Recently, to minimize the epidermal damage during laser treatment, superficial cooling is being used. Cooling is one of the well known methods to reduce pain sensation. OBJECTIVE: The purpose of this study was to evaluate the effectiveness of an air cooling in reducing pain associated with Q-switched Nd:YAG laser and pulsed dye laser treatment. METHODS: We measured the temperature of normal skin during air cooling and studied 13 patients treated with a 1064 nm Q-switched Nd:YAG laser or 585 nm pulsed dye laser treatment with and without air cooling system. The degrees of pain reduction rates with and without cooling were assessed by the visual analogue scales. RESULTS: 1. It was shown that cold air flow from 2 cm distance for 10 sec decreased skin temperature about 10.6 degreeC to 17.2 degreeC depending on the body sites. 2. The average of the pain scores was 38.08+/-21.05 on the cooled site as compared to 70.77+/-15.76 on the uncooled site. CONCLUSIONS: The cold air decreased the skin surface temperature like the other epidermal cooling system and it was very effective to reduce the pain on the cooled site associated with dermatologic laser treatment.
Humans ; Lasers, Dye ; Sensation* ; Skin ; Skin Temperature ; Weights and Measures

BACKGROUND: Although most dermatologic laser systems were developed to damage target tissue selectively, the epidermal injury has been a major problem in treating skin lesions of colored people. Recently, to minimize the epidermal damage during laser treatment, superficial cooling is being used. Cooling is one of the well known methods to reduce pain sensation. OBJECTIVE: The purpose of this study was to evaluate the effectiveness of an air cooling in reducing pain associated with Q-switched Nd:YAG laser and pulsed dye laser treatment. METHODS: We measured the temperature of normal skin during air cooling and studied 13 patients treated with a 1064 nm Q-switched Nd:YAG laser or 585 nm pulsed dye laser treatment with and without air cooling system. The degrees of pain reduction rates with and without cooling were assessed by the visual analogue scales. RESULTS: 1. It was shown that cold air flow from 2 cm distance for 10 sec decreased skin temperature about 10.6 degreeC to 17.2 degreeC depending on the body sites. 2. The average of the pain scores was 38.08+/-21.05 on the cooled site as compared to 70.77+/-15.76 on the uncooled site. CONCLUSIONS: The cold air decreased the skin surface temperature like the other epidermal cooling system and it was very effective to reduce the pain on the cooled site associated with dermatologic laser treatment.
Humans ; Lasers, Dye ; Sensation* ; Skin ; Skin Temperature ; Weights and Measures

Uterine papillary serous carcinoma is a morphologically distinct variant of endometrial carcinoma that is associated with an aggressive behavior with rapid progression and high recurrence, and poor response to salvage treatment. The most common type of malignancy developing in the uterus after radiation therapy is the malignant mixed mullerian tumor, however, the papillary serous carcinomas have rarely been reported.Here we report a case of uterine papillary serous carcinoma which had developed 7 years after radiation therapy for invasive cervical cancer.
Endometrial Neoplasms ; Female ; Recurrence ; Uterine Cervical Neoplasms ; Uterus