To find any specific radiologic findings of skeletal metastases from hepatocellular carcinoma, we analyzed plain radiographs(n=25), CT(n=16) and MRI(n=5)of 25 patients with metastatic bony lesions from hepatocellular carcinoma. Vertebrae(17/25) and rids(16/25)were most frequently involved and 16 cases showed multiple metastases. The size of the lesions was larger than 5cm in 17 cases. Plain radiographs showed osteolytic destruction(2/25). CT(n=16) showed osteolytic destruction with an isodense expansile mass in all cases. Focal low attenuations suggesting necrosis were found in 2 cases. Calcification within the mass was not detected. MRI(n=5) showed a slight hyperintense area on T1WI and a defimte hyperintense mass on T2WI. After gadopentetate dimeglumine enhancement. The mass showed irregular enhancement. We concluded that skeletal metastatic lesions from hepatocellular carcinoma showed relatively large osteolytic destruction accompanying soft tissue mass and minimum central necrosis.
Carcinoma, Hepatocellular* ; Gadolinium DTPA ; Humans ; Necrosis ; Neoplasm Metastasis*

Percutaneous transhepatic cholangiography(PTC) is of value in differential diagnosis of cholestatic diseases. Authors had performed PTC in 120 patients with flexible needle of 23 gauge at the Department of Radiology, KangNam St, Mary's Hospital and Myung Dong St. Mary's Hospital during the period from Jan. 1976 to April 1980. PTC was accomplished successfully in 112 of 120 patients. Diagnoses included cholangiocarcinomas (27 cases), arcinomas ofpancreas head (21 cases), ampullary carcinomas (4 cases), metastatic carcinomas(4 cases), metastatic carcinomas (5cases), bile duct stones(27 cases), sclerosing cholangitis(6 cases), hepatitis(6 cases), liver cirrhosis(6 cases), post operative adhesions(5 cases), chronic pancreatitis(3 cases), stomach carcinomas(3 cases), clonorchiasis(2cases), blood clot (1 case), and remaining normal 4 cases. Some characteristic PTC findings were (1) segmentalannular narrowing and abrupt complete obstruction and polypoid filling defects of the bile duct incholangiocarcinoma, (2) typical nipple or rat-tail appearance of the distal commmon bile duct in pancreatic headcarcinoma, (3) single or multiple sharply and smoothly outlined filling defects whthin bile duct in all cases ofstones, (4) complete obstruction with shallow concavity in ampullary carcinoma, (5) diffuse or segmental narrowingof the intrahepatic bile duct and common bile duct in sclerosing cholangitis, (6) multiple tiny polypoid fillingdefects of gallbladder, common hepatic duct, and common bile duct in clonorchiasis, (7) normal appearance inhepatitis. The overall diagnostic accuracy of PTC in 66 operated cases was 89.4%, and complications following the examination were signficantly reduced by using a fine flexible needle(23 gauge). From the present study it is concluded as follows; 1. To evaluate obstructed or stenosed site accurately, aspiration of bile juice must bepreceded by a 23 gauge needle connected to either 10mo or 5ml syringe. 2. To diagose carcinoma of hte ampullaryportion, serial spot filmings were indispensible ot demonstrated modified appearance of obstructive lesions due tocontraction of Oddi sphincter. 3. In contrast to other reports, the most common site of cholangiocarcinomas wasthe common hepatic duct (12 of 27 cases) in our series. Rat-tail appearance was seen in both pancreatic headcarcinoma and carcinoma involving the distal end of the common bile duct. 4. PTC was a more valuable method for diagnosis of clonorchiasis.
Bile ; Bile Ducts ; Bile Ducts, Intrahepatic ; Cholangiocarcinoma ; Cholangiography ; Cholangitis, Sclerosing ; Clonorchiasis ; Common Bile Duct ; Diagnosis ; Diagnosis, Differential ; Gallbladder ; Head ; Hepatic Duct, Common ; Humans ; Liver ; Methods ; Needles ; Nipples ; Sphincter of Oddi ; Stomach ; Syringes

We have expressed GFP in Sf9 and Bm5 cells or Bombyx by larvae by using Ac-Bm hybrid virus capable of replicating in both Bm5 and Sf9 cells. Genomic DNA of Ac-Bm hybrid virus expressing P-galactosidase was cotransfected with baculovirus transfer vector containing GFP gene, pBacPAK-GFP in Sf9 cells. The Ac-Bm hybrid virus harboring GFP was named as Ac-Bm hybrid virus-GFP. The Ac-Bm hybrid virus-GFP-infected insect cells were easily selected by detecting the emission of GFP from each well of cell culture dish on the UV illuminator. GFP produced by Ac-Bm hybrid virus-GFP in Sf9 and Bm5 cells or B. mori larvae was confirmed by SDS-PAGE and Western blot analysis using GFP antibody. In addition, B. mori larvae infected with Ac-Bm hybrid virus-GFP was apparently appeared fluorescence from the whole body at 5 days postinoculation. The fluorescence of GFP from the hemolymph and fat body of B. mori larvae infected with Ac-Bm hybrid virus-GFP was also observed by fluorescence microscope. In conclusion, our results demonstrated that in baculovirus expression vector system, use of Ac-Bm hybrid virus have an additional advantage of expanded host range for producing recombinant proteins.
Animals ; Baculoviridae ; Blotting, Western ; Bombyx* ; Cell Culture Techniques ; DNA ; Electrophoresis, Polyacrylamide Gel ; Fat Body ; Fluorescence ; Hemolymph ; Host Specificity ; Insects ; Larva* ; Recombinant Proteins ; Sf9 Cells ; Spodoptera*

No abstract available.
Rhinoplasty*

No abstract available.
Bone Conduction* ; Ear, Middle* ; Otitis Media* ; Otitis* ; Pathology* ; Temporal Bone*

No abstract available.
Cholesterol* ; Granuloma*

No abstract available.
Congenital Abnormalities* ; Humerus* ; Osteotomy*

No abstract available.
Neurofibromatoses* ; Pseudarthrosis* ; Radius*

OBJECTIVES: Many studies showed that risperidone and olanzapine in the treatment of delirium were similar to haloperidol, in side effects were superior to that. Quetiapine is frequently used in delirious patients. However, the studies of quetiapine in the treatment of delirium are very few. This study was designed to compare the efficacy of risperidone and quetiapine in elderly patients with delirium. METHODS: We divided 2 groups (risperidone and quetiapine) of elderly patients with delirium. We compared the two groups of elderly patients with delirium by Korean Version of Delirium Rating Scale (K-DRS) and Korean Mini-Mental State Examination (K-MMSE) at baseline and 1 week later. RESULTS: Our results showed that risperidone and quetiapine were efficacious in the treatment of elderly patients with delirium according to using K-DRS and K-MMSE. There were no significant differences in the degree of effects in both drugs. CONCLUSION: We compared the efficacy of risperidone and quetiapine in the treatment of delirium. Quetiapine was as efficacious as risperidone in the treatment of the elderly patients with delirium. In future, the sample size need to be increased in the studies of delirium. And the evaluation of long-term side effects related to quetiapine need to be performed.
Aged* ; Delirium* ; Haloperidol ; Humans ; Risperidone* ; Sample Size ; Quetiapine Fumarate

OBJECTIVE: To determine whether the somatostatin analogue, octreotide, given concunently with human menopausal gonadotropin (HMG) affects ovarian response, ovulation induction outcome, and serum levels of growth hormone (GH) and insulin-like growth factor 1 (IGF-1) in infertile patients with polycystic ovarian syndrome (PCOS) resistant to clomiphene citrate (CC). METHODS: From August 1996 to June 1998, 42 infertile patients with PCOS urresponsive to CC were enrolled in the present study. Women who had other infertility factors were excluded from this study. Patients were randomly allocated either to combined HMG and octreotide treatment (treatment group) (n=21) or HMG alone (control group) (n=21). In the treatment group, 100 micrograms of octreotide were administered daily concomitantly with HMG from the 3rd day of menstrual cycle to the preceding day of human chorionic gonadotropin (HCG) injection. RESULTS: Patient's characteristics were comparable in both groups. One cycle in the control group was abandoned because of excessive follicular development. However, none of the cycles in the treatment group was abandoned. There were no differences in the number of HMG ampules required and the duration of HMG administration between the two groups. The number of follicles > 14mm diameter on the day of HCG injection was significantly less in the treatment group than that in the control group (p<0.01). The serum estradiol level on the day of HCG injection was also significantly lower in the treatment group, with 1391.0 +/- 695.5 pg/ml compared with 2217.5 +/- 811.6pg/ml in the control group (p<0.001). The incidence of severe ovarian hyperstimulation syndrome seemed to be lower in the treatment group, but the difference did not achieve significance (4.9% vs 23.8%). There were no differences in the clinical pregnancy rate, miscarriage rate and multiple pregnancy rate between the two groups. Although serum GH levels were comparable between the two groups, serum IGF-1 level on the day of HCG injection was significantly higher in the treatment gmup than that in the control group (p<0.001). CONCLUSION: This study suggests that the combined octreotide and HMG treatment could improve hormonal milieu and folliculogenesis compared to HMG alone, and therefore may be effective in ovulation induction for patients with PCOS resistant to CC.
Abortion, Spontaneous ; Chorionic Gonadotropin ; Clomiphene ; Estradiol ; Female ; Gonadotropins ; Growth Hormone ; Humans ; Incidence ; Infertility ; Insulin-Like Growth Factor I ; Menstrual Cycle ; Octreotide ; Ovarian Hyperstimulation Syndrome ; Ovulation Induction* ; Ovulation* ; Polycystic Ovary Syndrome* ; Pregnancy ; Pregnancy Rate ; Pregnancy, Multiple ; Somatostatin*