PURPOSE: We evaluated the correlation between the carcinogenesis of gallbladder and the expression of lysozyme, p53, c-erbB2 and CEA in gallbladder lesions. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Thirty cases of gallbladder lesions (containing 17 cases of GB carcinoma) were examined. We analyzed the clinicopathologic findings of the early (stage I & II) and advanced carcinoma (stage III, IV & V) and those of carcinoma with or without metaplasia in the tumor. We performed p53, c-erbB2 and CEA immunohistochemical staining and compared their findings with those of normal mucosa and preneoplastic lesions. We also performed lysozyme immunohistochemical staining and compared its finding with metaplastic and non-metaplastic lesions. RESULTS: There are two distinct genetic pathways in gallbladder cacinogenesis and metaplastic carcinoma was more frequent than non-metaplastic carcinoma. Metaplasia of gallbladder did not reveal any difference of the clinicopathologic findings and depth of invasion (Nevin stage). Lysozyme expression was found in all metaplastic lesions but non-expression did not indicate non-metaplastic lesions. p53 mutations and c-erbB2 alterations may have a role in the carcinogenesis of gallbladder carcinomas, especially, in a late event, and in an early and late events, respectively. The correlation of p53 and c-erbB2 expressions was found but which did not indicate that the co-expression was needed in the carcinogenesis. CEA immunohistochemical staining may be helpful in the differential diagnosis of benign lesions and precancerous and cancerous lesions of the gallbladder. CONCLUSION: These results suggest that p53 mutations and c-erbB2 alterations may have a role in the carcinogenesis of gallbladder carcinomas, especially, in a late event, and in an early and late events, respectively.
Carcinogenesis ; Diagnosis, Differential ; Gallbladder* ; Metaplasia* ; Mucous Membrane ; Muramidase

Hereditary nonpolyposis colorectal cancer(HNPCC) is an autosomal dominantly inherited disease associated with a marked increase in cancer susceptibility, especially cancer of the colorectum. The frequency of HNPCC in the general population is yet to be determined, but HNPCC may account for as much as 2% to 5% of colorectal cancer, Colorectal cancer in HNPCC differs from sporadic colorectal cancer by an early age of cancer onset, proximal predominance of colorectal cancer, an excess of synchronous and metachronous colorectal cancer, and excess extra-colonic cancers. We have found 5 HNPCC families since 1992 when we reported first HNPCC family (KHU-Hl) In order to register the patients of HNPCC and to review the clinicopathologic feature and appropriate management, we have analysed 5 HNPCC families. Five HNPCC families included 16 colorectal cancer patients(14 males and 2 females). The average age of first diagnosis was 39. Among 16 patients, 8 patient were operated at the KyungHee University hospital and their operative and pathologic records were available. Two synchronous and seven metachronous cancers were founded, so that eight patients had 15 colorectal cancer lesions. Ten cancers were located proximal to splenic flexure and five were distal. Partial resection of colon was performed in seven cases except one when the first diagnosis was made and recurrence was founded in 5 patients. Recurrence was treated by total colectomy in 3 cases and subtotal colectomy in two. In conclusion, we re-confirmed that HNPCC patient should be treated by no less than a subtotal colectomy because of high multiplicity and high recurrence rate of partial resection.
Colectomy ; Colon ; Colon, Transverse ; Colorectal Neoplasms ; Colorectal Neoplasms, Hereditary Nonpolyposis* ; Diagnosis ; Humans ; Male ; Recurrence

To assess the clinico-pathological characteristics of patients with multiple primary colorectal cancer, 458 patients who underwent curative surgery and being followed-up at our institution between Jan. 1987 and Dec. 1993 were evaluated in this study. The median follow-up period was 42 months. Synchronous cancer was defined as distinct lesions separated by a distance of greater than 4cm with the invasion of the tumor below the muscularis mucosa at the time of diagnosis or within 6 months after initial treatment, and metachronous cancer was defined as the development of colon cancers more than 6 months after the initial treatment without evidence of the recurrence or metastases from primary tumor. There were 29 cases of multiple primary colorectal cancer(6.3%). Eighteen cases(3.9%) of them were synchronous, 11 cases(2.4%) were metachronous cancers. Seven cases(1.5%) were related to 5 hereditary non-polyposis colorectal cancer(HNPCC) families. During the follow-up period, 11 patients(2.4%) developed cancers in other organs. Adenomatous polyps were identified 14 cases of 29 patients with multiple primary colorectal cancers(48.3%), compared to 43 cases(10%) in 429 patients with solitary colorectal cancer(p<0.01). After initial curative surgery, there were 8 recurrences in 29 patients with multiple primary colorectal cancers(23.6%), compared to 100 recurrences in 429 patients with solitary primary colorectal cancer(23.3%)(p>0.05). In aspect of family history, there was close-relationship with this regarding in the group of multiple primary colorectal cancers. However, authors were unable to make analysis this regarding in the group of solitary primaries because of lack of the information. Conclusively, authors guess the frequent association of the adenomatous polyps in multiple primary colorectal cancers as the evidence of the adenoma-carcinoma sequence. In addition, authors emphasized the importance of the total colonoscopic examinations in pre-and post-operation in order to make diagnosis of the multiple primary colorectal cancers and paying attention as to the family history of colorectal cancer patients because we have good therapeutic results after operation of early stage in synchronous cancers and co-existent adenomatous polyps.
Adenomatous Polyps ; Colonic Neoplasms ; Colorectal Neoplasms* ; Diagnosis ; Follow-Up Studies ; Humans ; Mucous Membrane ; Neoplasm Metastasis ; Recurrence

A case of a 21-year old female with Maffucci's syndrome is presented where the patient developed multiple cutaneous spindle-cell hemangioendotheliomas. She had multiple pea to walnut sized, non-tender, normal skin colored or slight bluish nodules and bony mass-like lesions on the left upper extremity and hand. A histological examination of the lesions showed that they were composed of irregularly dilated, thin walled cavernous blood spaces containing phleboliths and collapsed vascular spaces separated by spindled fibroblastic cells. Radiologically, the bony lesions showed radiolucent densities with calcified spots within the second proximal phalanx and metacarpal bone of the left hand, which were consistent with enchondromas.
Chondroma ; Female ; Fibroblasts ; Hand ; Hemangioendothelioma* ; Humans ; Juglans ; Peas ; Skin Pigmentation ; Upper Extremity

BACKGROUND: The diagnosis of bromhidrosis is a clinical one, but the definition of "normal" odor is a poorly defined term. In the Asian population, the presence of even a faint odor is considered diagnostic. For the more exact evaluation, it is vital to study more findings associated with bromhidrosis. Recently, several studies have suggested possibility that the activity of sebaceous gland may be increased in patients with bromhidrosis. OBJECTIVE: The aim of this study was to compare the differences of the seborrheic phenotypes and the measured serum level of facial skin surface between patients with bromhidrosis and the normal population. METHODS: Twenty patients who were diagnosed with bromhidrosis by nose smell test and age-matched twenty from the normal population were evaluated with regard to the presence of seborrheic skin phenotypes suggested by Ely. We also measured sebum level of facial skin by Sebumeter(R). RESULTS: The presence of some seborrheic skin phenotypes such as telangiectasia and square palm were increased significantly in the patients. In addition, objectively measured sebum of facial skin surface was relatively increased in the patients. CONCLUSION: We concluded that there is an association between apocrine bromhidrosis and seborrheic skin phenotype.
Asian Continental Ancestry Group ; Diagnosis ; Humans ; Nose ; Odors ; Phenotype* ; Sebaceous Glands ; Sebum ; Skin* ; Smell ; Telangiectasis

No abstract available.
Autonomic Pathways* ; Rectal Neoplasms* ; Urodynamics*

BACKGROUND: Recently, inireaing numbers of chemotherapeutic agens are being used to treat cancer patients. Mucocutaeous complications are commonly sen in association with the administration of these medicaticins. OBJECTIVE: We conducted a study in cancer chemotherapy patient so determine the suspected chemotherapeutic agents ancl frequency of various mucocutaneous side effects in these patients. METHODS: The study involved 140 patients admitted from Decerrae 1993 to September 1994 for cancer chemot herapy at Korea University Guro Hospital. RESULTS: The mucocutaneous side effects during chemotherapy were alopecia(55%), hyperpig mentation(32.9%), stomatitis(20%), phlebitis(12.9%), flushing(8.6%) descending order. Visual grade II, IV alopecia patients were most common, but as the chemot retpy cycle increased so, the severer the alopecia. Although the onset of the alopecia were variake many patients experienced alopcia within 17 to 24 days after the start of chemotherapy. Serpeitie supravenous fluorouracil hyperpigmentation were commor,(17.9%), Diffuse and longitudinal or horizontal band like nail pigmentation were observed, and, pigmented macules were also observei, epecially on the palms and digits. Stomatitis usually developed within 10 days after the start of chemotherapy and it persist ed for about 7 days and the most of the lesions were resolved spor Laeously. Other clinical manifestations accompanied with chmotherapy were tinea infection(16.4%), acne(7.1%), oral thrush (7%), white nail band(4.3%), pruritus(2.9%) in descending order. CONCLUSION: So, physiciars need to be aware of the widely divergnal cutaneous reactions which may occur with the use of antiancer medications.
Alopecia ; Candidiasis, Oral ; Drug Therapy* ; Fluorouracil ; Humans ; Hyperpigmentation ; Korea ; Pigmentation ; Stomatitis ; Tinea

No abstract available.
Adult* ; Atherosclerosis* ; Cholesterol* ; Humans ; Korea*

No abstract available.
Malaria*

PURPOSE: The purpose of this study was to investigate the effect of different administration duration of alendronate on initial wound healing and new bone formation of extraction socket in rats. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Fifteen male Sprague-Dawley rats (body weight 130-140 g, 4 weeks old, male) were divided into control group (no alendronate administration) and experimental group (alendronate administration). Experimental group was subdivided into 1 week administrated group, 2 week administrated group, 4 week administrated group and 6 week administrated group according to duration of administration. For the experimental groups, during the designated time period (at the time of extraction, 1 week before extraction, 3 week before extraction and 5 week before extraction) till 1 week after extraction, rats were subcutaneously injected with Alendronate at the dose of 1.0 mg/Kg three times a week. Each specimen from 6 week experimental group and control group were used for microarray analysis, and other specimens were used for histological analysis. The rate of new bone formation within the extraction site and bone loss activity was analyzed using TRAP staining. Statistical analysis was performed using Kruskal Wallis test. (alpha=.05) RESULTS: After one week from the time of extraction, the rate of new bone formation within extraction site for the control group (16.77% +/- 1.36%) compared to the 4 week experimental group (14.99% +/- 6.26%) was lower. However, no statistically significant difference was found. Increase in the number of inactive lacuna (empty lacuna) and decrease in the number of TRAP positive cell were identified with increased duration of administration. There was no significant difference. CONCLUSION: The results of this study showed as the duration of Alendronate administration increased the rate of new bone formation decreased with loss of bone activity and reduced number of osteoclast.
Alendronate ; Animals ; Humans ; Male ; Microarray Analysis ; Osteoclasts ; Osteogenesis ; Pilot Projects ; Rats ; Rats, Sprague-Dawley ; Wound Healing