Cutaneous horns of the penis are rare. We report a case associated with squamous cell carcinoma in a 56-year-old male. A gradually enlarging nodule had been on the glans penis for four years. He had suffered from an erythematous crusted tumor mass and horny excrescence on the glans penis which recurred and was aggravated after excision of the nodule seven months ago. Histopathologic findings of the lesions showed characteristic findings of squamous cell carcinoma and cutaneous horn. In situ DNA hybridization for human papillomavirus types 6, 11, 16, 18, 32, and 33 were all negative. The tumor mass were surgically excised and we have not found any sign of recurrence since then.
Animals ; Carcinoma, Squamous Cell* ; DNA ; Epithelial Cells* ; Horns* ; Humans ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Penis* ; Recurrence

Problem-based learning(PBL), introduced to medical education committee of Chungbuk National University in 1996, was firstly implemented as a regular course of medical education only with 0.5 credit in 1998. Tutorials of the PBL course were assigned to seven discussion groups consisted of seven or eight junior students during first two weeks of third quarter. Every groups were supervised by two tutors, who evaluated students' performances in terms of problem-solving, stating problems, and presenting referred sources. The aptitude for PBL course was asked to students and tutors after two weeks course by means of questionnaires. Most students showed positive responses about PBL course, and preferred the tutors in a supportive or facilitative attitude. However, two weeks of PBL course seemed not enough for maximal educational benefits. Pre- and post-PBL blocks may be one of the useful methods that ensure successful results of short-term PBL course.
Aptitude ; Chungcheongbuk-do* ; Education, Medical ; Humans ; Problem-Based Learning* ; Surveys and Questionnaires

BACKGROUND: Core temperature decreases rapidly after the induction of general anesthesia, because the heat is redistributed to peripheral tissues. Thermoregulatory responses of volatile anesthetics have been tested, but their effects have not been directly compared. Therefore, we evaluated the thermoregulatory responses to sevoflurane, desflurane, and isoflurane. METHODS: Sixty healthy patients scheduled for laparoscopic myomectomy or radical hysterectomy were allocated into three groups; Group S (sevoflurane, n = 20), Group D (desflurane, n = 20), and Group I (isoflurane, n = 20). Anesthesia was maintained with 1 minimum alveolar concentration (MAC) of sevoflurane, desflurane, and isoflurane in a 50/50 mixture of N2O/O2. Patients were maintained in a normovolemic and normocapnic state. The core temperature and forearm minus fingertip skin-temperature gradient (an index of peripheral vasoconstriction) were monitored after the induction of general anesthesia. RESULTS: Each of the seven patients given sevoflurane, desflurane, and isoflurane vasoconstricted at a core temperature of 35.3 +/- 0.5degrees C, 33.6 +/- 0.4degrees C, and 35.2 +/- 0.4degrees C, respectively. The vasoconstriction threshold was the lowest in patients anesthetized with desflurane. The core temperature gradient (Ti-Tf) was significantly higher in patients that were anesthetized with desflurane than in those that were anesthetized with sevoflurane or isoflurane. The core temperature of desflurane was significantly lower than that of sevoflurane or isoflurane 15 minutes after the induction of anesthesia until 180 minutes of anesthesia. CONCLUSIONS: These results indicate that the core temperature is maintained at a higher level in patients that have been anesthetized with sevoflurane or isoflurane than in those that have been anesthetized with desflurane.
Anesthesia ; Anesthesia, General ; Anesthetics ; Forearm ; Hot Temperature ; Humans ; Hysterectomy ; Isoflurane ; Laparoscopy ; Methyl Ethers ; Vasoconstriction

No abstract available.
Epidermal Cyst

No abstract available.
Genioplasty*

BACKGROUND: The injection of rocuronium causes pain and withdrawal responses. This study was designed to determine an appropriate dose of remifentanil to prevent the withdrawal responses associated with injection of rocuronium in children. METHODS: Fourty five ASA physical status I and II pediatric patients were randomly allocated into three groups; Group I (placebo; normal saline 3 ml, n = 15), Group II (remifentanil 0.3microg/kg, n = 15), Group III (remifentanil 0.5microg/kg, n = 15). After the induction of anesthesia with 5 mg/kg of thiopental sodium, patients in groups I, II, and III received normal saline 3 ml, remifentanil 0.3microg/kg, and remifentanil 0.5microg/kg, respectively. After one minute, rocuronium 0.6 mg/kg was injected over 10 seconds. The patient's response after injection was graded using a four-point scale. The patient's heart rate (HR), mean arterial pressure (MAP) were measured at pre-anesthesia (T0), 1 minute after injection of thiopental sodium (T1), test drug (T2), and rocuronium (T3). RESULTS: The incidence of withdrawal responses was 100%, 66.7%, and 20% in groups I, II, and III, respectively. In addition, the severity of withdrawal responses was lowest in group III. CONCLUSIONS: Remifentanil 0.5microg/kg was an appropriate dose to prevent the withdrawal responses on injecting rocuronium.
Androstanols ; Anesthesia ; Arterial Pressure ; Child ; Heart Rate ; Humans ; Incidence ; Piperidines ; Thiopental

Leukemia cutis are clinically divided into the specific and nonspecific types. The former demon strates a malignant cell infiltrate on histopathologic examination. We report a case of leukemia cutis in a 29-year old female which developed specific cutanous manifestations previous to peripheral blood abnormalities, She had suffered from several discrete, bean to walnut sized, tender, erythematous patches and nodules on the trunk for 3 months and these gradually spread to the right cheek and upper arm. Atypical lymphocytes and incesassed lymphoblasts were notifced on a peripheral blood smear and bone marrow aspiration. A bone marrow biopsy revealed compact marrow finding, and increased celluarity. The histopathlogic findings showed diffuse dermal and subcutaneous infiltration of atypical lymphocytes. An immunohistochemical study with kappa, lamda, and leukocyte common antigen(LCA) revealed lymphoid malignancy, T-cell type. We treated her with various combined chemotherapy for 2 year, but her skin lesions were not inproved.
Adult ; Arm ; Biopsy ; Bone Marrow ; Cheek ; Drug Therapy ; Female ; Humans ; Juglans ; Leukemia* ; Leukocytes ; Lymphocytes ; Skin ; T-Lymphocytes

PURPOSE: The purpose of this study was to evaluate the effects of estrogen on detrusor contraction and the expression of muscarinic receptors in ovariectomized rats. MATERIALS AND METHODS: 24 Sprague-Dawley female virgin rats(12 weeks old) were separated into three groups of 8 rats each. Group I served as a control group, group II was the ovariectomized only rats(Ovx group) and Group III was given estradiol benzoate(0.8mg/kg/day) subcutaneously for 7 consecutive days, beginning 1 week after ovariectomy(Ovx+E group). At the end of the experimental period, each rat was sacrificed and the urinary bladder was removed for contractile studies. The expressions of M2 and M3 receptors in the bladder epithelium and the muscle layer were investigated by performing immunofluorescent staining. RESULTS: The Ovx group showed a significantly decreased bladder contractile function on the KCl and carbachol-induced contractile tests, whereas the Ovx+E group showed increased contractility(p<0.05). The Ovx+E group showed an increase of smooth muscle compared to the other groups. Ovariectomy induced a significant increase in the M3 receptors density in the bladder body, as compared to the control group(p<0.05) but there was no significant difference between the Ovx group and the Ovx+E group. CONCLUSIONS: Bladder dysfunction of menopausal women is thought not to be related with the changes of muscarinic receptors. Our results suggest that the detrusor contractility of menopausal women might be improved after estrogen replacement therapy.
Animals ; Contracts ; Epithelium ; Estradiol ; Estrogen Replacement Therapy ; Estrogens ; Female ; Humans ; Muscle Contraction ; Muscle, Smooth ; Muscles ; Ovariectomy ; Rats ; Receptors, Muscarinic ; Urinary Bladder

Arthritis ; Chondrocytes ; Collagen Type II ; Collagenases ; Extracellular Matrix ; Injections, Intra-Articular ; Ketorolac ; Models, Animal ; Osteoarthritis ; Papain ; Temporomandibular Joint

BACKGROUND: The aim of present study is to define the relationship of microvessel density to clinicopathologic data, the recurrence rate and the overall survival in patients with gastric carcinomas. METHODS: Sixty-two patients with gastric carcinomas who underwent a gastrectomy at Yeungnam University Hospital during one year (January to December 1991) were evaluated. Immunohistochemical staining with the factor VIII-related antigen (Dako, USA) was used to assess of angiogenesis. RESULTS: Microvessel counts increased in proportion to lymph-node metastases, perineural invasion, and lymphatic invasion. Histologic type, primary tumor invasion, stage and distant metastasis did not correlate statistically with microvessel counts. The microvessel counts increased with higher pathologic stages, but the difference was not statistically significant. The microvessel counts were significantly higher in the group with LN metastasis than in those without LN metastasis (p<0.05). In advanced gastric cancer patients, the microvessel counts were significantly increased (p<0.05). In patients with high microvessel counts (> or =62), the overall 5-year survival rate was shorter than in those with low microvessel counts (<62), but the difference was not statistically significant. The microvessel counts were higher in the group with recurrence than in those without recurrence. CONCLUSIONS: On the basis of these results, microvessel count may be a prognostic indicator of gastric carcinomas.
Adenocarcinoma ; Gastrectomy ; Humans ; Microvessels ; Neoplasm Metastasis ; Recurrence ; Stomach ; Stomach Neoplasms ; Survival Rate ; von Willebrand Factor