BACKGROUND: Respiratory depression with high dose of propofol during induction is one of the major complications. We studied the effects of midazolam as premedicant on frequency and duration of apnea and frequency of loss of consciousness in relation to single dose of propofol. METHODS: We selected 194 adult patients who had clear consciousness and no depression of respiration. We allocated patients randomly to control group and midazolam group. In midazolam group, we injected 0.06mg/kg of midazolam intravenously 10min before induction, and in control group, we did nothing. Under mask oxygenation with 100% oxygen, we administered a bolus of propofol (1, 1.5, 2 mg/kg to subgroup 1, 2, 3 respectively) intravenously. The change of respiration and loss of consciousness were observed. RESULTS: The frequency and duration of apnea increased with the dose of propofol in both control and midazolam group. But there were no difference between groups except frequency of apnea with 1.5 mg/kg of propofol. In control group, frequency of loss of consciousness increased with the increasing dose of propofol. But in midazolam group, nearly all the patients was slept without difference by the dose. CONCLUSIONS: Premedication with midazolam reduce the sleeping dose of propofol to induce anesthesia, so the frequency and duration of apnea which is caused by high dose of propofol can be decreased.
Adult ; Anesthesia ; Apnea* ; Consciousness ; Depression ; Humans ; Masks ; Midazolam* ; Oxygen ; Premedication ; Propofol* ; Respiration ; Respiratory Insufficiency ; Unconsciousness*

No abstract available.
Interleukin-2*

This erratum is being published to correct of affiliation and add an acknowledgement.

We report a case of gastro-colic fistula caused by ectopic gastric mucosa developed at transverse colon. Fistula was detected by colonofiberscopy. And fistulous tract was proved by barium enema. Meckel's diverticulum scan finding was similar to that of GI bleeding; e.g. injected radioactivity was secreted into the lumen and moved along the lumen. There was no bleeding. And there was no diverticulum in the colon. Absence of diverticular pouch may explain this unusuaal GI bleeding-like scan finding rather than focal collection of radioactivity, which is typical of ectopic gastric mucosa found in the Meckel's diverticulum. Ectopic gastric mucosa was confirmed by colonfiberscopic biopsy. We suggest GI bleeding-like pictures should be included differential diagnosis of Tc-99m-O4 (ectopic gastric mucosa or Meckel's diverticulum) scan.
Barium ; Biopsy ; Colon ; Colon, Transverse ; Diagnosis, Differential ; Diverticulum ; Enema ; Fistula* ; Gastric Mucosa* ; Hemorrhage ; Meckel Diverticulum ; Radioactivity ; Radionuclide Imaging ; Sodium Pertechnetate Tc 99m*

Anti-M antibody is usually a naturally occurring antibody reacting optimally 4 degrees C and is not considered to be clinically significant. Rarely has anti-M been implicated in hemolytic disease of the newborn(HDN) and the true incidence of HDN due to anti-M has not been well delineated. Authors report the second case of hemolytic disease of the newborn due to anti-M in Korea. A 3-days old baby boy was admitted due to jaundice and severe anemia which were developed at birth. The blood type of his mother was A, CcDEe, Ns, while the blood type of the infant of was A, CcDEe, MNs. The mother's serum had anti-M which wits strongnly positive in room temperature and albumin phase. The reaction was only weakly positive in the antiglobulin phase. Direct antiglobulin test of baby's red cells was negative, while the serum was weakly positive in polyethylene glycol-Coombs test. The antibody was found to be partially IgG through the treatment with dithiothreitol. After an exchange transfusion and phototherapy, the anemia and jaundice were corrected and and the patient discharged at the age of 16.
Anemia ; Coombs Test ; Dithiothreitol ; Humans ; Immunoglobulin G ; Incidence ; Infant ; Infant, Newborn* ; Jaundice ; Korea ; Male ; Mothers ; Parturition ; Phototherapy ; Polyethylene

STATEMENT OF PROBLEM: Screw loosening has been a common complication and still reported frequently. PURPOSE: The purpose of this study was to evaluate abrasion of the implant fixture and TiN coated abutment screw after repeated delivery and removal with universal measuring microscope. MATERIAL AND METHODS: Implant systems used for this study were Osstem and 3i. Seven pairs of implant fixtures, abutments and abutment screws for each system were selected and all the fixtures were perpendicularly mounted in liquid unsaturated polyesther with dental surveyor. After 20 times of repeated closing and opening test, the evaluation for the change of inner surface of implant and TiN-coated abutment screw, and weight loss were measured. Mann-Whitney test with SPSS statistical software for Window was applied to analyze the measurement of weight loss. RESULTS: TiN-coated abutment screws of Osstem and 3i showed lesser loss of weight than non-coated those of Osstem and 3i (P < .05, Mann-Whitney test). CONCLUSION: Conclusively, TiN coating of abutment screw showed better resistance to abrasion than titanium abutment screw. It was concluded that TiN coating of abutment screw would reduce the loss of preload with good abrasion resistance and low coefficient of friction, and help to maintain screw joint stability.
Collodion ; Friction ; Joints ; Tin ; Titanium ; Weight Loss

No abstract available.
Osteogenesis Imperfecta* ; Osteogenesis*

PURPOSE: We studied the diagnostic significance of bone scan in evaluation of bone metastasis by lung cancer, prevalence rate, and the causes of false positive bone scan and soft tissue accumulation of bone seeking agent. MATERIALS AND METHODS: The subject included 73 lung cancer patients with bone scan. We analyzed the frequency of bone metastasis, its distribution and configuration, and any relationship between bone pain and corresponding region on bone scan. The positive findings of bone scan were compared with simple X-ray film, CT, MRI and other diagnostic modalities. The false positive bone scan and the soft tissue accumulation of bone seeking agent were analized. RESULTS: The positive findings on bone scan were noted in 26 cases(36%) and they were coexistant with bone pain in 30%. The correspondance between bone scan and bone X-ray was 38%. False positive bone scans were seen in 12 cases(16%), which include fracture due to thoracotomy and trauma, degenerative bone diseases, and bifid rib. Accumulation of bone seeking agent in soft tissue were seen in 13 cases(18%), which included primary tumor, enlarged cervical lymph node, pleural effusion, ascites and pleural thickening. CONCLUSION: Bone scans should be carefully interpreted in detecting bone metastasis in primary malignancy, because of the 16% false positivity and 18% soft tissue accumulation rate. It is very important to note that the correlation between bone pain and positive findings of bone scans was only 38%.
Ascites ; Bone Diseases ; Humans ; Lung Neoplasms* ; Lung* ; Lymph Nodes ; Magnetic Resonance Imaging ; Neoplasm Metastasis ; Pleural Effusion ; Prevalence ; Ribs ; Thoracotomy ; X-Ray Film

No abstract available.
Angiofibroma*

Sweet's syndrome, or acute febrile neutrophilic dermatosis, is an unusual disease characterized by fever, leukocytosis, and distinctive skin lesions. Common complications include arthralgia, arthritis, conjunctivitis, and iridocyclitis. However, the involvement of the central nervous system in this disease, termed `neuro-Sweet syndrome' is rarely reported. We present a patient with recurrent encephalitis for 15 years, accompanied with neutrophilic dermatosis, and characterized by HLA-B54 and Cw1, with good responsiveness to corticosteroid.
Arthralgia ; Arthritis ; Central Nervous System ; Conjunctivitis ; Encephalitis ; Fever ; Humans ; Iridocyclitis ; Leukocytosis ; Neutrophils ; Skin ; Skin Diseases ; Sweet Syndrome