We designed this study to investigate the effects of adenosine on penile erection in Sprague- Dawley rats, in vivo. This was performed by simultaneous monitoring intracavernosal pressure( ICP) and systemic blood pressure with UROCOMPACT 6000 plus( WIEST, Germany) after intracavernosal injection of adenosine, papaverine and adenosine plus papaverine. Increment of maximal ICP was observed in the adenosine treated-group (0.015 to 0.15mg, n=30) in dose dependent manner, i.e., 15.8+/-0.95cmH2O with 0.015mg adenosine to 44.6+/-2.72cmH2O with 0.15mg adenosine, in mean ICP(n=l0, P<0.05). A similar finding was observed in the papaverine treated-group (0.015 to 0.15mg, n =30) in dose dependent manner. i.e., 28.1+/-2.88cmH2O with 0.015mg papaverine to 62.3+/-4.93cmH2O with 0.15mg papaverine, in mean ICP (n=10, P<0.05). The additive effect of adenosine plus papaverine treated-group( 0.015 + 0.015 to 0.15 +0.l5mg, n=30) was to enhance the results obtained by adenosine or papaverine alone in dose dependent manner. i.e., 50.7+/-1.71cmH2O with 0.015mg + 0.015mg papaverine to 79.5+/-5.63cmH2O with 0.15mg adenosine + 0.15mg papaverine. in mean ICP(n= 10, P<0.05). These results suggest that adenosine plays an important role on penile erection in rats. Adenosine may be useful for the future management of impotence, although the clinical effect remains to be investigated.
Adenosine* ; Animals ; Blood Pressure ; Erectile Dysfunction ; Male ; Papaverine ; Penile Erection* ; Rats*

Priapism is a well recognized complication of some oral medications. Those most commonly cited are: antipsychotic drugs, especially the phenolhiazine: trazodone and chlorpromazine :and the antihyperlensive drugs hydralazine, guanethidine and prazocin. We report a case or priapism associated with the use of chlorpromazine who experienced 2 episodes or priapism and never experience priapism after cessation of the drug.
Antipsychotic Agents ; Chlorpromazine* ; Guanethidine ; Hydralazine ; Priapism* ; Trazodone

No abstract available.
Acoustic Stimulation* ; Acoustics* ; Female ; Fetal Heart* ; Fetus* ; Heart Rate, Fetal* ; Pregnancy

PURPOSE: To evaluate the ultrasonographic and CT findings of hepatosplenic tuberculosis MATERIALS AND METHODS: We retrospectively reviewed the ultrasonographic and CT findings of confirmed hepatosplenic tuberculosis in 12patients. Six were men and six were women ; their average age was 41, and most were in their twenties. Lesions ofthe liver and spleen, as well as associated findings such as abdominal tuberculosis and other organ involvement oftuberculosis were analyzed. RESULTS: There were three cases of hepatic tuberculosis, seven of splenictuberculosis, and two of hepatosplenic involvement of tuberculosis. On the basis of the ultrasonographic and CTfindings, hepatosplenic tuberculosis was classified as one of two patterns : miliary or micronodular, ormacronodular. The micronodular type was more common (9/12 cases) being characterized by innumerable micronodules,and with easy coalescence in the liver and spleen in five of the nine cases. The macronodular type of low densitymass was noted in the other three patients. Splenomegaly was noted in 12 cases and hepatomegaly in ten. Pulmonarytuberculosis-including the miliary type(n=5)-was noted in eight patients. Associated abdominal tuberculosis suchas lymphadenopathy with central low density and peripheral rim enhancement (n=6), tuberculous peritonitis(n=3),highly attenuated ascites(n=6), adrenal tuberculosis(n=1), renal tuberculosis(n=1), ovarian abscess(n=1), psoasabscess(n=1), and systemic tuberculosis such as central nervous system tuberculoma(n=2), cervicallymphadenopathy(n=4) and tuberculous spondylitis(n=1) were noted. CONCLUSION: Ultrasonography and CT werevaluable in the detection and diagnosis of hepatosplenic tuberculosis
Central Nervous System ; Diagnosis ; Female ; Hepatomegaly ; Humans ; Liver ; Lymphatic Diseases ; Male ; Retrospective Studies ; Spleen ; Splenomegaly ; Tuberculosis* ; Tuberculosis, Gastrointestinal ; Tuberculosis, Hepatic ; Ultrasonography

PURPOSE: Authors investigated the associated findings and their value in the diagnosis of anterior cruciate ligament(ACL) injury in MR image. MATERIAL AND METHODS: The knee MR images of 47 patients with ACL injury(complete; 24, partial; 23) and 61 patients with normal ACL confirmed by the knee arthroscopy or operation were reviewed retrospectively. The degree of anterior translocation of tibia and the degree of posterior cruciate ligament(PCL) buckling were evaluated. The prevalence and pattern of associated adjacent bone, ligament and meniscus injuries were studied. RESULTS: The means( +/- 2standard errors) of anterior translocation were different significantly in statistical analysis(p<0.001, student t-test) between injury group(7.51 +/- 1.16mm) and normal group(-0.56 +/- 0.92mm). In the level of 5mm of anterior translocation for the criteria of ACL injury, the sensitivity, specificity, accuracy were 78.7%, 89.5%, 84.3% for each. The means of PCL buckling ratio were also different statistically b. etween injury group(0.23 +/- 0.02) and normal group(0.17 +/- 0.01)(p<0.001). In the level of 0.20 for diagnostic criteria of ACL injury, the sensitivity, specificity, accuracy were 71.4%, 83.6%, 78.4% for each. Thirty one medial meniscus tear(66%), thirteen lateral meniscus tear(28%), ten medial collateral ligament injury(28%), one PCL injury (2%) were associated with ACL injury. The twenty nine bone marrow changes were found in twenty patients {43%) which included acutely injured seven patients. In acute cases, the bone marrow changes were depicted as diffuse or focal high signal intensity lesions in lateral femoral or tibial condyles in contrast to the changes in chronic cases depicted as focal low signal intensity lesions in variable location. Lateral femoral condylar notch depression were found in nine patients(19%) and avulsion fractures of anterior tibial spine in four patients(9%). CONCLUSION: The associated findings with ACL injury (anterior translocation, buckling of PCL, associated bone, ligament and meniscus injuries) are considered to be helpful in the diagnosis of ACL injury on Knee MR images, when the findings of anterior cruciate ligament itself are not confirmative.
Anterior Cruciate Ligament* ; Arthroscopy ; Bone Marrow ; Collateral Ligaments ; Depression ; Diagnosis ; Humans ; Knee ; Ligaments ; Magnetic Resonance Imaging* ; Menisci, Tibial ; Prevalence ; Retrospective Studies ; Sensitivity and Specificity ; Spine ; Tibia

PURPOSE: Authors investigated the associated findings and their value in the diagnosis of anterior cruciate ligament(ACL) injury in MR image. MATERIAL AND METHODS: The knee MR images of 47 patients with ACL injury(complete; 24, partial; 23) and 61 patients with normal ACL confirmed by the knee arthroscopy or operation were reviewed retrospectively. The degree of anterior translocation of tibia and the degree of posterior cruciate ligament(PCL) buckling were evaluated. The prevalence and pattern of associated adjacent bone, ligament and meniscus injuries were studied. RESULTS: The means( +/- 2standard errors) of anterior translocation were different significantly in statistical analysis(p<0.001, student t-test) between injury group(7.51 +/- 1.16mm) and normal group(-0.56 +/- 0.92mm). In the level of 5mm of anterior translocation for the criteria of ACL injury, the sensitivity, specificity, accuracy were 78.7%, 89.5%, 84.3% for each. The means of PCL buckling ratio were also different statistically b. etween injury group(0.23 +/- 0.02) and normal group(0.17 +/- 0.01)(p<0.001). In the level of 0.20 for diagnostic criteria of ACL injury, the sensitivity, specificity, accuracy were 71.4%, 83.6%, 78.4% for each. Thirty one medial meniscus tear(66%), thirteen lateral meniscus tear(28%), ten medial collateral ligament injury(28%), one PCL injury (2%) were associated with ACL injury. The twenty nine bone marrow changes were found in twenty patients {43%) which included acutely injured seven patients. In acute cases, the bone marrow changes were depicted as diffuse or focal high signal intensity lesions in lateral femoral or tibial condyles in contrast to the changes in chronic cases depicted as focal low signal intensity lesions in variable location. Lateral femoral condylar notch depression were found in nine patients(19%) and avulsion fractures of anterior tibial spine in four patients(9%). CONCLUSION: The associated findings with ACL injury (anterior translocation, buckling of PCL, associated bone, ligament and meniscus injuries) are considered to be helpful in the diagnosis of ACL injury on Knee MR images, when the findings of anterior cruciate ligament itself are not confirmative.
Anterior Cruciate Ligament* ; Arthroscopy ; Bone Marrow ; Collateral Ligaments ; Depression ; Diagnosis ; Humans ; Knee ; Ligaments ; Magnetic Resonance Imaging* ; Menisci, Tibial ; Prevalence ; Retrospective Studies ; Sensitivity and Specificity ; Spine ; Tibia

Hemangiomas of the skin are common, but intrascrotal hemangioma is a rare Complications include hemorrhage, ulceration, skin infection, thromboses and phlebitis. We report a case of intrascrotal hemangioma with spontaneous bleeding.
Hemangioma* ; Hemorrhage* ; Phlebitis ; Scrotum ; Skin ; Thrombosis ; Ulcer

Vesical dome tumors are classified, according to their origin, as either vesical or urachal. A case of vesical dome tumor was diagnosed as an urachal carcinoma preoperatively because CT scan and cystoscopic findings were suitable to the diagnostic criteria of urachal carcinoma, but the transurethral biopsy result was transitional cell carcinoma (TCC). The final histopathologic report after extended partial cystectomy revealed that the tumor was originated from vesical mucosa and an intact urachal remnant was found around the resected mass. In a tumor situated on the midline of bladder dome, a transurethral biopsy before curative operation is essential.
Biopsy ; Carcinoma, Transitional Cell* ; Cystectomy ; Mucous Membrane ; Tomography, X-Ray Computed ; Urachus ; Urinary Bladder

A case of neurogenic pulmonary edema (NPE) occured during operation of brain tumor in the sit- ting position is reported. NPE is a common complication of brain insults. It is characterized clinically by an acute fulminant course, marked pulmonary vascular congestion, protein rich edema fluid, and intra alveolar hemorrhage. The mechanisms involved in the development of NPE are briefly discussed.
Brain Neoplasms* ; Brain* ; Edema ; Estrogens, Conjugated (USP) ; Hemorrhage ; Neurosurgery ; Pulmonary Edema* ; Tolnaftate

To minimize the period of brain ischemia and the potential for neurologic damage during aortic arch replacement, we used the arch-first technique. First case was a 28-year-old female with extensive aneurysm involving ascending, arch and descending thoracic aorta. Exposure was obtained via a bilateral via a bilateral thoracotomy (clamshell incision) in the anterior 4th right and 3rd left intercostal space with oblique sternotomy. To prepare for arch perfusion, the side-arm graft(10mm) was anastomosed to the aortic graft, opposite the site of the planned anastomosis to the arch vessels. After completing the arch anastomosis under total circulatory arrest(37min) and retrograde cerebral perfusion(12min), aortic graft was clamped on either side and the arch was perfused via side-arm graft for 36min. When distal aortic anastomosis was finished, distal clamp of aortic graft was released and arch vessels were perfused via common femoral artery, and the proximal aortic anastomosis was accomplished. The patient was discharged with no event. Second case was a 48-year-old male with extensive aneurysm involving ascending, arch, and aortic regurgitaiton(grade III/IV). This case was also done using the clamshell incision. Aortic valve replacement was done by valved-conduit(Vascutek 30mm), both coronary artery anastomosis using Cabrol's procedure. Last operation procedure was the same as the 1st case.
Adult ; Aneurysm* ; Aorta, Thoracic* ; Aortic Valve ; Brain Ischemia ; Coronary Vessels ; Female ; Femoral Artery ; Humans ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Perfusion ; Sternotomy ; Thoracotomy ; Transplants