PURPOSE: To describe the MR features of intraspinal cysticercosis. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Medical records and MR images of four cases of intraspinal cysticercosis were retrospectively reviewed. The MR findings were described with regard to the location and signal intensity of the lesions, contrast enhancement, presence or absence of associated intracranial cysticerci, and other findings. RESULTS: There were three cases of subarachnoidal form and one case of intramedullary form. Cysticerci of subarachnoidal form in three cases were located in retromedullary space at C2 level, anterior to cord at C1 -C6 levels, and lumbosacral area, respectively. The signal intensities of the lesions were same as those of CSF. Localized arachnoidal enhancement was found in all three cases. In one case there was a large area of high signal intensity within the spinal cord on T2 weighted image suggesting either ischemia secondary to vascular compromise or inflammatory edema. All of these three cases accompanied intracranial cysticercosis. Intramedullary cysticercosis in one case was shown as a single I cm cystic lesion at C2 level, which showed hypointense signal on T1 weighted image, hyperintense signal on T2-weighted image, and signet-ring-like enhancement. This lesion did not accompany intracranial cysticerci. CONCLUSION: lntraspinal cysticercosis manifested as single or multiple cysts within either spinal cord or subarachnoid space, and were frequently associated with arachnoiditis.
Arachnoid ; Arachnoiditis ; Cysticercosis* ; Edema ; Ischemia ; Magnetic Resonance Imaging* ; Medical Records ; Retrospective Studies ; Spinal Cord ; Subarachnoid Space

No abstract available.
Hip* ; Natural History* ; Technetium Tc 99m Medronate*

BACKGROUND: Minimal flow anesthesia (total inflow rate 0.5 L/min) has been known to increase carbon monoxide production and accumulation in the breathing circuit. We tried to investigate the differences that minimal flow anesthesia shows in the production and elimination of plasma carboxyhemoglobin as compared with high-flow anesthesia. METHODS: Fifty patients were divided into smokers and non-smokers. The smokers were allocated into two groups; high flow (Hs, n = 10) or minimal flow (Ms, n = 13). Non-smoker were also allocated the same way; high flow (Hns, n = 12) or minimal flow (Mns, n = 15). The values (%) of COHb were measured at the preanesthetic baseline, 50 min (30 min after reducing inflow rate in minimal flow), 80 min and 140 min. All values along the time were compared with their baseline within a group. RESULTS: Non-smokers showed a COHb level that didn't change at each time interval as compared with the baseline in group Mns (p = 0.91) and group Hns (p = 0.365). Smokers showed a decreased COHb level at 50 min which increased at 80, 140 min compared with the baseline in group Ms (p = 0.004), but decreased at 50, 80 and 140 min as compared with baseline in group Hs (p < 0.001). CONCLUSIONS: Minimal flow anesthesia does not produce plasma COHb more than high flow anesthesia, but an increase of COHb would be expected in risky groups such as heavy smokers because elimination of carbon monoxide in the breathing circuit was slower than with high flow anesthesia.
Anesthesia* ; Carbon Monoxide ; Carboxyhemoglobin* ; Humans ; Plasma* ; Respiration

No abstract available.
Carcinoma, Non-Small-Cell Lung* ; Drug Therapy, Combination*

The incidence of multiple renal arteries has been reported as 18~30% in cadaveric organ procurement. There has been many cases in which the reconstruction of renal arteries were needed because of the use of donor kidney with multiple renal arteries or the injuries of renal arteries during organ harvest. We studied on the graft function and survival following reconstruction of multiple renal arteries. Between January 1990 and December 1996, we have performed 500 renal transplants, among which 65 cases(13%) of the multiple donor renal arteries were encountered either from the multiple number of donor renal artery itself or from the injury of renal artery during harvest. The remaining 435 cases had a single donor renal artery. The type of reconstruction under the microscope and graft material that we have used were illustrated as follows; ligation of a polar artery or two polar arteries in 8 cases, end to side anastomosis between a polar artery and main renal artery in 26 cases, side to side anastomosis between a polar artery and main renal artery in 12 cases, separate anastomosis of two renal arteries to external iliac or internal iliac artery in 2 cases, side to side anastomosis between two polar arteries then end to side anastomosis between reconstructed polar artery and a main renal artery in 3 cases, Carrel aortic patch in 3 cases, and interposition graft in 10 cases using inferior epigastric artery in 6 cases, branched internal iliac artery in 3 cases, and saphenous vein in 1 case. In the kidneys with reconstructed multiple renal arteries, the rate of vascular and urologic complications such as bleeding, stenosis, thrombosis of anastomotic site, ureteral obstruction and urinary leakage did not show any difference with the single renal artery group. And there was no difference in 1-year graft survival between the two groups. We think that the donor kidney with reconstructed multiple renal arteries does not have any negative impact on graft survival resulting in same early and late vascular and urologic complications as a single renal artery group when proper revascularization can be performed.
Arteries ; Cadaver ; Constriction, Pathologic ; Epigastric Arteries ; Graft Survival ; Hemorrhage ; Humans ; Iliac Artery ; Incidence ; Kidney ; Kidney Transplantation* ; Ligation ; Renal Artery* ; Saphenous Vein ; Thrombosis ; Tissue and Organ Procurement ; Tissue Donors ; Transplants ; Ureteral Obstruction

No abstract available.
Diagnosis* ; DNA* ; Polymerase Chain Reaction* ; Tuberculosis*

Mucinous cystadenomas and cystadenocarcinomas of the ovary are clinically and histopathologically well-established common tumors. However, primary retroperitoneal mucinous cystic tumors are extremely rare, and although their histopathogenesis is still uncertain, several theories have been proposed. Most authors suggest that they develop through mucinous metaplasia in a preexisting mesothelium-lined cyst. An accurate preoperative diagnosis of these tumors is difficult because no effective diagnostic measures have been established. Delay in diagnosis and treatment of this tumor may be fatal for the patient because of complications such as rupture, infection, and malignant transformation. We describe the case of a 31-year-old woman with abdominal pain and a palpable mass. Computed tomography of the abdomen revealed a retroperitoneal cystic mass, which was resected successfully through laparoscopy. Histopathological examination of the resected mass confirmed the diagnosis of a primary retroperitoneal mucinous cystadenoma. The patient was discharged on postoperative day 5 without any complications.
Abdomen ; Abdominal Pain ; Adult ; Cystadenocarcinoma ; Cystadenoma, Mucinous* ; Diagnosis ; Female ; Humans ; Laparoscopy ; Metaplasia ; Mucins* ; Ovary ; Retroperitoneal Neoplasms ; Rupture

PURPOSE: Authors investigated the associated findings and their value in the diagnosis of anterior cruciate ligament(ACL) injury in MR image. MATERIAL AND METHODS: The knee MR images of 47 patients with ACL injury(complete; 24, partial; 23) and 61 patients with normal ACL confirmed by the knee arthroscopy or operation were reviewed retrospectively. The degree of anterior translocation of tibia and the degree of posterior cruciate ligament(PCL) buckling were evaluated. The prevalence and pattern of associated adjacent bone, ligament and meniscus injuries were studied. RESULTS: The means( +/- 2standard errors) of anterior translocation were different significantly in statistical analysis(p<0.001, student t-test) between injury group(7.51 +/- 1.16mm) and normal group(-0.56 +/- 0.92mm). In the level of 5mm of anterior translocation for the criteria of ACL injury, the sensitivity, specificity, accuracy were 78.7%, 89.5%, 84.3% for each. The means of PCL buckling ratio were also different statistically b. etween injury group(0.23 +/- 0.02) and normal group(0.17 +/- 0.01)(p<0.001). In the level of 0.20 for diagnostic criteria of ACL injury, the sensitivity, specificity, accuracy were 71.4%, 83.6%, 78.4% for each. Thirty one medial meniscus tear(66%), thirteen lateral meniscus tear(28%), ten medial collateral ligament injury(28%), one PCL injury (2%) were associated with ACL injury. The twenty nine bone marrow changes were found in twenty patients {43%) which included acutely injured seven patients. In acute cases, the bone marrow changes were depicted as diffuse or focal high signal intensity lesions in lateral femoral or tibial condyles in contrast to the changes in chronic cases depicted as focal low signal intensity lesions in variable location. Lateral femoral condylar notch depression were found in nine patients(19%) and avulsion fractures of anterior tibial spine in four patients(9%). CONCLUSION: The associated findings with ACL injury (anterior translocation, buckling of PCL, associated bone, ligament and meniscus injuries) are considered to be helpful in the diagnosis of ACL injury on Knee MR images, when the findings of anterior cruciate ligament itself are not confirmative.
Anterior Cruciate Ligament* ; Arthroscopy ; Bone Marrow ; Collateral Ligaments ; Depression ; Diagnosis ; Humans ; Knee ; Ligaments ; Magnetic Resonance Imaging* ; Menisci, Tibial ; Prevalence ; Retrospective Studies ; Sensitivity and Specificity ; Spine ; Tibia

PURPOSE: Authors investigated the associated findings and their value in the diagnosis of anterior cruciate ligament(ACL) injury in MR image. MATERIAL AND METHODS: The knee MR images of 47 patients with ACL injury(complete; 24, partial; 23) and 61 patients with normal ACL confirmed by the knee arthroscopy or operation were reviewed retrospectively. The degree of anterior translocation of tibia and the degree of posterior cruciate ligament(PCL) buckling were evaluated. The prevalence and pattern of associated adjacent bone, ligament and meniscus injuries were studied. RESULTS: The means( +/- 2standard errors) of anterior translocation were different significantly in statistical analysis(p<0.001, student t-test) between injury group(7.51 +/- 1.16mm) and normal group(-0.56 +/- 0.92mm). In the level of 5mm of anterior translocation for the criteria of ACL injury, the sensitivity, specificity, accuracy were 78.7%, 89.5%, 84.3% for each. The means of PCL buckling ratio were also different statistically b. etween injury group(0.23 +/- 0.02) and normal group(0.17 +/- 0.01)(p<0.001). In the level of 0.20 for diagnostic criteria of ACL injury, the sensitivity, specificity, accuracy were 71.4%, 83.6%, 78.4% for each. Thirty one medial meniscus tear(66%), thirteen lateral meniscus tear(28%), ten medial collateral ligament injury(28%), one PCL injury (2%) were associated with ACL injury. The twenty nine bone marrow changes were found in twenty patients {43%) which included acutely injured seven patients. In acute cases, the bone marrow changes were depicted as diffuse or focal high signal intensity lesions in lateral femoral or tibial condyles in contrast to the changes in chronic cases depicted as focal low signal intensity lesions in variable location. Lateral femoral condylar notch depression were found in nine patients(19%) and avulsion fractures of anterior tibial spine in four patients(9%). CONCLUSION: The associated findings with ACL injury (anterior translocation, buckling of PCL, associated bone, ligament and meniscus injuries) are considered to be helpful in the diagnosis of ACL injury on Knee MR images, when the findings of anterior cruciate ligament itself are not confirmative.
Anterior Cruciate Ligament* ; Arthroscopy ; Bone Marrow ; Collateral Ligaments ; Depression ; Diagnosis ; Humans ; Knee ; Ligaments ; Magnetic Resonance Imaging* ; Menisci, Tibial ; Prevalence ; Retrospective Studies ; Sensitivity and Specificity ; Spine ; Tibia

The use of angiographic embolization gas been well described for the control of gynecologic bleeding. Recently, we have experienced the successful embolization in two case of serons bleeding related to giynecologic malignancy. Clinical evaluation revealed a gynecologic cancer with active bleeding. Becaause we judged that conservative management was unable to cuntrol the bleeding, we underwent an angiographic embolization. The result presented here indicates that angiographic embolization is a relatively safe, effective and rapid procedure that should be considered early in management of gynecohogic cancer bleeding that is unresponsive to conservative management.
Hemorrhage*