Background: Haemophilus influenzae is the causative pathogen for various infectious diseases, such as respiratory infections, otitis media, sinusitis, and meningitis. This study aimed to investigate the prevalence and molecular characteristics of β-lactam resistance in non-typeable H. influenzae isolates in South Korea. Methods: In total, 115 non-duplicated H. influenzae isolates were included in this study.Bacterial identification and serotyping were performed using matrix assisted laser desorption ionization-time of flight mass spectrometry and polymerase chain reaction (PCR) of bexA, respectively. Antimicrobial susceptibility was tested using the broth microdilution method.The production of β-lactamase was determined using nitrocefin disks. The presence of blaTEM and blaROB was confirmed using PCR. ftsI was analyzed to identify amino acid mutations in penicillin-binding protein (PBP) 3. Results: Resistance rates to ampicillin, amoxicillin–clavulanate, and cefuroxime were 67.8%, 13.9%, and 32.2%, respectively. None of the isolates were resistant to cefotaxime or ceftriaxone. Among 78 ampicillin-resistant isolates, 71 were β-lactamase-producing ampicillinresistant (BLPAR), and 7 were β-lactamase-non-producing ampicillin-resistant. All BLPAR isolates carried blaTEM, and none carried blaROB. Among 16 amoxicillin–clavulanate-resistant isolates, 15 β-lactamase producers harbored blaTEM. Four to 7 PBP3 mutations per isolate were detected in all 16 non-β-lactamase-producing ampicillin-resistant or cephalosporinresistant isolates. Conclusion Beta-lactam resistance in non-typeable H. influenzae isolates is highly prevalent in South Korea, primarily because of blaTEM and various PBP3 mutations. Therefore, continuous monitoring of antimicrobial resistance rates and mechanisms in non-typeable H.influenzae is necessary.

Objective: Early defibrillation is crucial for the survival of patients with out-of-hospital cardiac arrest. This study aimed to examine the trends and associated factors regarding public awareness and willingness to use automated external defibrillators (AEDs) through citywide surveys. Methods: Three-round surveys were conducted in February 2012 (n=1,000), December 2016 (n=1,141), and December 2018 (n=1,001) among citizens in Daegu, South Korea, who were aged ≥19 years. The subjects were selected through a three-stage quota sampling. Awareness and willingness to use an AED were assessed in the three groups. The primary outcome was willingness to use AEDs. Results: Of 3,142 respondents, 3,069 were eligible for analysis. The proportion of respondents who knew how to use AEDs increased from 4.7% in 2012 to 20.8% in 2018. Of the respondents in 2012, 2016, and 2018, 39.7%, 50.0%, and 43.2%, respectively, were willing to use an AED. Factors associated with willingness to use AEDs were male sex (adjusted odds ratio [AOR], 1.39; 95% confidence interval [CI], 1.10–1.75), cardiopulmonary resuscitation training experience in the previous 2 years (AOR, 1.80; 95% CI, 1.43–2.28), recognition of the Good Samaritan law (AOR, 1.45; 95% CI, 1.13–1.86), and awareness of how to use an AED (AOR, 4.40; 95% CI, 3.26–5.93). Conclusion To increase willingness to use AEDs, education in AED use and the Good Samaritan law, along with re-education to maintain knowledge of AED use, should be considered.

Objective: Early defibrillation is crucial for the survival of patients with out-of-hospital cardiac arrest. This study aimed to examine the trends and associated factors regarding public awareness and willingness to use automated external defibrillators (AEDs) through citywide surveys. Methods: Three-round surveys were conducted in February 2012 (n=1,000), December 2016 (n=1,141), and December 2018 (n=1,001) among citizens in Daegu, South Korea, who were aged ≥19 years. The subjects were selected through a three-stage quota sampling. Awareness and willingness to use an AED were assessed in the three groups. The primary outcome was willingness to use AEDs. Results: Of 3,142 respondents, 3,069 were eligible for analysis. The proportion of respondents who knew how to use AEDs increased from 4.7% in 2012 to 20.8% in 2018. Of the respondents in 2012, 2016, and 2018, 39.7%, 50.0%, and 43.2%, respectively, were willing to use an AED. Factors associated with willingness to use AEDs were male sex (adjusted odds ratio [AOR], 1.39; 95% confidence interval [CI], 1.10–1.75), cardiopulmonary resuscitation training experience in the previous 2 years (AOR, 1.80; 95% CI, 1.43–2.28), recognition of the Good Samaritan law (AOR, 1.45; 95% CI, 1.13–1.86), and awareness of how to use an AED (AOR, 4.40; 95% CI, 3.26–5.93). Conclusion To increase willingness to use AEDs, education in AED use and the Good Samaritan law, along with re-education to maintain knowledge of AED use, should be considered.

The orbital pseudotumor is non-specific inflammatory disease and is unrelated with specific local or systemic disease. The major symptoms are orbital pain, limitation of the ocular movement and exophthalmos. The inflammatory change can be diffuse within the orbit or may involve a specific structure such as an extraocular muscle or lacrimal gland. It occasionally occurs acutely, but chronically in some cases. It may bring about scarring accompanied by the intraorbital soft tissue including retroorbital fat or extraocular muscles. This can be detected by ultrasound, CT orMRI. The findings by imaging procedures are thickened extraocular muscles, diffuse inflammation of intraorbital soft tissue, enlarged lacrimal gland and enhanced periorbital tissue like "a ring". Sometimes, the focal masses may be seen around the optic nerve, within the retroorbital fat or near the opbital periosteum. The diagnosis of pseudotumor is made by excluding other causes or orbital mass lesions, such as neoplasm, and other causes of orbital inflammation such as Graves' disease and local infection. Treatments are usually used systemic high-dose steroids, additionally surgical excision and radiation. Authors experienced a 52-year old female with progressively enlarged tumor in right orbital area, exophthalmos and loss of sight was treated with surgical excision, and then the defect was reconstructed with the radial forearm free flap successfully.
Cicatrix ; Diagnosis ; Exophthalmos ; Female ; Forearm ; Free Tissue Flaps ; Graves Disease ; Humans ; Inflammation ; Lacrimal Apparatus ; Middle Aged ; Muscles ; Optic Nerve ; Orbit* ; Orbital Pseudotumor* ; Periosteum ; Steroids ; Ultrasonography

To Know the quantitative relation between the visual field defects and the disc cupping in glaucoma, 14 patients(26 eyes) with primary open angle glaucoma were studied. Visual field defects was measured with semi-automated Autofield-D perimeter. Optic disc was photograped with Canon CF-60Z wide angle camera and neuroretinal rim area was analyzed by using microcomputer (VAX-11/750) digitizer system. The following results were obtained: 1. Neuroretinal rim area on the nasal side was larger than that on the temporal side(p<0.05). There were no significance between superior and inferior side. 2. In the case of visual field defects, nasal side was larger than temporal side.(p<0.05). There was no significance between superior and inferior side. 3. The correlation between neuroretinal rim area and visual field area was significant in the mild visual field defects detected by using 2.9 filter and the moderate and marked field defects detected with either 2.4 or clear filter. 4. The correlation between neuroretinal rim area and visual field area(r=0.696) was higher than that between cup-disc ratio and visual field defects(r=0.568).
Glaucoma* ; Glaucoma, Open-Angle ; Microcomputers ; Visual Fields*