No abstract available.
Carcinoma, Squamous Cell* ; Mouth*

PURPOSE:Bone mineral mass increases with age, weight and pubertal development. Several factors influence the process of bone mineralization, and evaluation of bone mineral density(BMD) in children gives important clue to the different mechanisms of bone mass accumulation. To investigate the abnormality in bone mineralization, the normal range of bone mineral content in healthy children should be understood. The pattern, time and velocity in the decrease of bone mineral contents depend on disease entities. Because the ratio of trabecular and cortical bones and turn-over rates differ in each bone, it is needed to make normal data for trabecular and cortical bones respectively in children. METHODS:In 75 children(40 boys) with normal growth and development, BMD was measured with XR26 Bone densitometry using DEXA. The BMD of trabecular bone was obtained at lumbar spine at 2-4 level, and that of cortical bone was measured at femur neck. RESULTS:The BMD of trabecular bone increased with age without sexual difference. But the BMD of cortical bone was higher in male significantly at 8-9 and 10-11 yr of age. In both male and female, the BMD of trabecular and cortical bones correlated positively with age, bone age, height, weight, and body surface area. CONCLUSION: With this data, the changes in BMD affected by several diseases could be assessed.
Body Surface Area ; Bone Density* ; Calcification, Physiologic ; Child* ; Densitometry ; Female ; Femur Neck ; Growth and Development* ; Humans ; Male ; Reference Values ; Spine

No abstract available.
Benzodiazepines* ; gamma-Aminobutyric Acid* ; Receptors, GABA-A*

Ischemia causes tissue necrosis in a wide variety of pathologic conditions. Permanent deprivation of blood flow is lethal to any tissue and the prudent therapy for ischemia unquestionably is reperfusion. While reperfusion is necessary to reverse the progression towards ischemic death, reperfusion is also thought to be accompanied by its own component of injury. Oxygen free radicals, formed during ischemia/reperfusion, have been proposed as one of the main causes of reperfusion injury. Free radical attacks on biological membrane, such as mitochondria and endoplasmic reticulum, and can lead to the oxidative destruction of the polyunsaturated fatty acids of the membranes through lipid peroxidation. However, direct association between microsomal lipid peroxidation in vivo after ischemia/reperfusion and changes in secretory function and drug metabolism on the liver have not been established. Therefore, present study was performed to evaluate the hepatic secretory function and the hepatic microsomal drug metabolizing enzyme activity after ischemia/reperfusion preparation in rat liver. Further, the effect of oxygen free radical scavengers was investigated. The animals were divided into sham operation group and ischemia/reperfusion group. The ischemia/reperfusion group was subdivided into non-treated control and treated (with superoxide dismutase, allopurinol, alpha-tocopherol, deferoxamine) groups. Hepatic ischemia was produced by clamping the left branches of portal vein and hepatic artery, resulting in complete ischemia to the median and left lobes while the right lobes remained per Fused to prevent intestinal congestion. Reperfusion was permitted by declamping after 1 hour. After 1 or 5 hours of reperfusion, bile was collected, blood was obtained from abdominal aorta, and liver microsomes were isolated. The results are as follows. Serum aminotransferase was increased 15~20 times by ischemia/reperfusion. However, this increase was attenuated by free radical scavengers, especially 5 hours of reperfusion. The wet weight-to-dry weight ratio of the liver was significantly increased by ischemia/reperfusion. alpha-tocopherol pretreatment minimized the increase of ratio. Malondialdehyde level in the liver microsomal fraction was significantly increased after ischemia/reperfusion, but this increase was attenuated by scavenger pretreatment, especially alpha-tocopherol. Bile flow and cholate output but not the bilirubin output, were decreased after ischemia/reperfusion. The free radical scavenger pretreahnent restored the secretion significantly. Cytochrome P-450 content was significantly decreased after ischemia/reperfusion and ameliorated by free radical scavenger pretreatment. NADPH cytochrome P-450 reductase activity and aminopyrine N-demethylase activity were also decreased and improved by free radical scavengers pretreatment. These results indicate that ischemia/reperfusion deteriorates the hepatic secretory function as well as hepatic microsomal drug metabolizing enzyme activity, and the oxygen free radical scavengers attenuate the functional changes of the liver induced by ischemia/reperfusion.
Allopurinol ; alpha-Tocopherol ; Aminopyrine N-Demethylase ; Animals ; Aorta, Abdominal ; Bile ; Bilirubin ; Cholates ; Constriction ; Cytochrome P-450 Enzyme System ; Endoplasmic Reticulum ; Estrogens, Conjugated (USP) ; Fatty Acids, Unsaturated ; Free Radical Scavengers ; Free Radicals ; Hepatic Artery ; Ischemia ; Lipid Peroxidation ; Liver ; Malondialdehyde ; Membranes ; Metabolism* ; Microsomes, Liver ; Mitochondria ; NADPH-Ferrihemoprotein Reductase ; Necrosis ; Oxygen ; Portal Vein ; Rats* ; Reperfusion ; Reperfusion Injury ; Superoxide Dismutase

BACKGROUND/AIMS: Transfection of the hepatitis B virus (HBV) genome requires the cloning of tandem HBV sequences inserted into a plasmid vector, which is usually screened for by the restriction enzyme digestion of plasmid minipreparation from at least a dozen of bacterial colonies. The aim of this study was to develop a simple alternative screening method for bacterial colonies harbouring tandem HBV sequences by a PCR. METHODS: A set of polymerase chain reaction (PCR) primer was designed to detect the bacterial colonies harbouring "head to tail" dimeric HBV DNA. PCR which amplifies the head to tail junction site of two tandem HBV molecules was performed. RESULTS: PCR products with appropriate size (1.2kb) were obtained. The accurate detection by PCR screening technique was confirmed by enzyme digestion. CONCLUSIONS: These results suggest that PCR screening technique is a simple and rapid method for the identification of bacterial colonies containing tandem HBV sequences.
Clone Cells ; Cloning, Organism ; Digestion ; DNA ; Genome ; Head ; Hepatitis B virus ; Hepatitis B* ; Hepatitis* ; Humans* ; Mass Screening* ; Plasmids ; Polymerase Chain Reaction* ; Transfection

No abstract available.
Depression* ; Immune System* ; Psychoneuroimmunology* ; Schizophrenia*

No abstract available.

The p53 gene is believed to play an important role through the mutation and overexpression in the progression of various human malignant tumors. The type IV collagenase (matrix metalloproteinase: MMP-2) initiates the degradation of the extracellular matrix, and consequently may play a role in the tumor invasion and metastasis. To investigate the correlation between clinicopathologic features of the colorectal adenocarcinomas and benign tumors and expression of p53 and MMP-2 proteins, we performed an immunohistochemical study on 40 colorectal adenocarcinomas, 20 adenomas and 20 hyperplastic polyps by using the antibodies to p53 and MMP-2 proteins. The positive expression rate of the p53 protein in adenocarcinomas was 62.5% and significantly higher than in benign tumors. The positive expression rate of the MMP-2 protein was 47.5% in adenocarcinomas, but there was no expression of MMP-2 protein in benign tumors. The difference in p53 and MMP-2 expression rates between malignant and non-malignant tumors was statistically significant. The positive expression rate of p53 protein in the non-metastatic and metastatic adenocarcinomas was 59.1 and 66.7%, respectively. The positive expression rate of MMP-2 protein in the non-metastatic and metastatic adencarcinomas was 45.5 and 50.0%, respectively. The correlation between several clinicopathologic features and expression of p53 and MMP-2 protein was not statistically significant, but the rate of positive MMP-2 immunoreactivity showed a statistically significant difference between Astler-Coller stage B1 C1 group and B2 C2 group of adenocarcinoma (p=0.0431). We concluded that the expression of p53 and MMP-2 protein contributes to the cancer development and MMP-2 may play a certain role in the invasiveness of the colorectal tumor. p53 and MMP-2 protein expression is not correlated with lymph node metastasis.
Adenocarcinoma* ; Adenoma ; Antibodies ; Collagenases ; Colorectal Neoplasms ; Extracellular Matrix ; Genes, p53 ; Humans ; Lymph Nodes ; Matrix Metalloproteinase 2* ; Neoplasm Metastasis ; Polyps

No abstract available.
Adolescent* ; Humans ; Naloxone* ; Self-Injurious Behavior*

Cytokeratin 7 has been known to be present in various types of human epithelial cells including the ovarian neoplasms, but not in colon cancers. The antibody to colon ovarian tumor antigen (COTA) has been introduced as a marker of colon and ovarian tumors. The aim of this study was to evaluate the usefulness of cytokeratin 7 and COTA in the differential diagnosis between ovarian primary and metastatic tumors. Nineteen primary ovarian epithelial tumors, seven metastatic carcinomas of the ovary from the stomach, three metastatic carcinomas of the ovary from the colon, one mucinous tumor of the ovary associated with a mucinous tumor of the appendix and pseudomyxoma peritonei, and nineteen colonic and twenty gastric adenocarcinomas were stained with monoclonal antibodies to cytokeratin 7 and COTA. The results are summerized as follows; In the primary ovarian tumors, 94.4% were positive for cytokeratin 7 and 50% were positive for COTA. In the primary colonic adenocarcinomas, 94.7% were negative for cytokeratin 7 and 68% were positive for COTA. In the metastatic ovarian tumor from the colonic adenocarcinomas, 100% were negative for cytokeratin 7 and positive for COTA. In the primary gastric adenocarcinomas, 40% were negative for cytokeratin 7 and 85% were negative for COTA. In the metastatic ovarian tumor from the gastric adenocarcinomas, 43% were negative for cytokeratin 7 and 14% were negative for COTA. From the results of this study, it could be concluded that in the differential diagnosis of primary ovarian tumors from metastatic colonic carcinomas, positive reaction for cytokeratin 7 suggests a primary ovarian tumor but a negative reaction for cytokeratin 7 and positive reaction for COTA suggest metastatic colonic carcinomas. The results of this study also reveal that cytokeratin 7 and COTA are not useful in the differential diagnosis of primary ovarian tumors from metastatic gastric carcinomas.
Adenocarcinoma ; Antibodies, Monoclonal ; Appendix ; Colon* ; Colonic Neoplasms ; Diagnosis, Differential* ; Epithelial Cells ; Female ; Humans ; Keratin-7* ; Keratins* ; Mucins ; Ovarian Neoplasms ; Ovary ; Pseudomyxoma Peritonei ; Stomach