Experimental hydronephrosis was induced in rabbit by ureteral ligation, then deligation followed after certain experimental period as designed. Histopathological changes of the kidney and restoration of hydronephrosis were studied and the following results were obtained: 1. Ligation of the ureter for 3 days produced mild to moderate degrees of tubular dilatation. irregular proliferation and dilatation of small arterioles. Deligation initiates regeneration of the tubules at 1 week and almost normal histology returns by 3 weeks. 2. Ligation of the ureter for 5,7 and 14 days causes marked tubular dilatation, atrophy of the .cortex, and partial obliteration of the glomerulus. By 3 weeks after deligation, the tubules seem to partially regenerate but no significant histological changes were observed. 3. Ligation of the ureter for 21 to 60 days causes formation of scar, marked obliteration of the glomerulus and compensatory hypertrophy of the remaining glomerulus. No morphological restoration was observed by 3 weeks after deligation. 4. It seems that histological restoration starts at periglomerular tubules located closer to the cortex toward the medulla.
Arterioles ; Atrophy ; Cicatrix ; Dilatation ; Hydronephrosis* ; Hypertrophy ; Kidney* ; Ligation* ; Regeneration ; Ureter*

To investigate frequency of painful and/or silent myocardial ischemia(SMI) determined by ECG ST-segment depression(more than 1.0mm depression for 0.08 second after J point over 60 seconds) during unrestricted daily activities, 24-hour dynamic ECG was performed in 19 patients(11 males, 8 females) with chronic stable angina pectoris, aged 57.4 years(44 to 73 years). During 456 hours of recording, there were 154 episodes of SMI. Of these, 139 episodes(90.3%) were silent and 15 episodes(9.7%) accompaned chest pain. The higher incidence of SMI than previously published data is probably influenced by 1 patient who disclosed 56 episodes (excluding this, SMI 84.7%). Sixty one percent of episodes of SMI occurred during light activities such as slow walk, hand labor, eating or at rest(sitting at ease), smoking and sleep, and 39% during more strenuous activites such as walk, climbing stairs and physical exercise. In contrast, most of the painful myocardial ischemia(PMI) developed during climbing stairs, walk and physical exercise. Heart rate during episodes of SMI varied ranging from 85.2+/-13.7/min at rest to 115.5+/-19.2/ min druing climbing stairs. Mean ST-segment depressions during episodes of SMI and PMI were 2.0(1.0-4.0)mm and 2.6(1.2-7.0)mm, respectively, in 6 patients who disclosed both SMI and PMI on 24-hour ECG recordings. However, frequency of ischemic episodes was higher(9.0 vs 2.5/day) and duration was longer(13.8min vs 3.0min) in SMI. These findings indicate that transient SMI in patients with chronic stable angina pectoris occurs more frequently than painful myocardial ischemia. In addition, SMI develops during activities that increase heart rate(increased O2 demand) as well as during activites that do not increase heart rate(decreased O2 supply). Therefore, both O2 demand and supply mechanisms may be involved in the pathogenesis of transient SMI in Patients with chronic stable angina pectoris.
Angina, Stable* ; Chest Pain ; Depression ; Eating ; Electrocardiography ; Exercise ; Hand ; Heart ; Heart Rate ; Humans ; Incidence ; Male ; Myocardial Ischemia* ; Smoke ; Smoking

No abstract available.
Animals ; Cattle* ; Yersinia enterocolitica* ; Yersinia*

No abstract available.
Child* ; Epidemiologic Studies* ; Gastroenteritis* ; Humans ; Rotavirus*

Chronic prostatitis is very common urologic disease, but its symptomatology is varied and nondiagnostic. We have performed transrectal ultrasonography in 66 cases of patients who were impressed as chronic prostatitis based upon their symptoms and physical findings for the purpose of evaluating the role of transrectal ultrasonography in the diagnosis of chronic prostatitis.The results were summarized as follows;1. In microscopic findings of prostatic secretion, 20 cases(Group I ) showed W.B.C. less than 10/H.P.F and 16 cases(Group II ) showed W.B.C. more than 10/H.P.F. 2. The abnormal findings of transrectal sonography in chronic prostatitis were as follows; 1) Echolucent zones; 22 cases(39%) 2) Calcification; 37 cases( 56%). 3) Heterogeneous echo; 40 cases( 61%). 4) Capsular irregularity or thickening; 35 cases( 50%) 5) Periurethral zone irregularity, 28 cases(42%). 6) Echolucent 'halo' sign; 33 cases( 50%). 7) Seminal vesicle or ejaculatory duct abnormality; 18 cases(27%). 3. Among above findings, l), 2), 3), 4), 5) findings were more frequently detected in Group II than in Group I (p<0.05). 4. The combined detection rate of l), 2), 3), 4), 5) findings were statistically higher in Group II than in Group I (p<0.05). 5. High grade l), 2), 3), 4), 5) findings were more frequently detected in Group II than in Group I (p<0.05). Our results suggest that although transrectal ultrasonography is not diagnostic for chronic prostatitis, it may be an useful adjuvant diagnostic modality to laboratory studies in the evaluation of chronic prostatitis.
Diagnosis ; Ejaculatory Ducts ; Humans ; Male ; Prostatitis* ; Seminal Vesicles ; Ultrasonography* ; Urologic Diseases

BACKGROUND: Hepatocellular carcinoma remains a highly chemoresistant neoplasm and is a common malignancy with poor prognosis in Korea. We performed a phase II study to evaluate the efficacy and toxicities of topotecan and cisplatin combination chemotherapy for advanced hepatocellular carcinoma. METHODS: Between November 1999 and May 2001, ten patients with histologically proven hepatocellular carcinoma were enrolled in this study. The median age was 54 (range: 53~74) years and all were male. Six patients demonstrated stage IV, 1 stage IIIC, 2 stage IIIB and 1 stage IIIA. Six patients showed a ECOG performance status of 1. The treatment regimen consisted of topotecan 1.25 mg/m2 and cisplatin 20 mg/m2 for 5 days. The treatment was repeated every 4 weeks. Toxicities were evaluated according to WHO toxicity criteria. RESULTS: All ten patients were evaluable for response and toxicity. There was only one patient who achieved partial response. The overall response rate was 10% (95% C.I.) and the response duration was 46 weeks. The median survival of all patients was 21 (range: 17~54+) weeks. During a total of 24 cycles, neutropenia of WHO grade 3 and 4 occurred in 33%, thrombocytopenia in 33% and anemia in 21%. In non-hematologic toxicity, diarrhea and hepatoxicity of grade 3 occurred in 1 and 2 patients, respectively. But there was no treatment-related death. CONCLUSION: When used in this dose and schedule, topotecan and cisplatin combination chemotherapy does not seem to be effective for patients with advanced hepatocellular carcinoma.
Aged ; Antineoplastic Combined Chemotherapy Protocols/*therapeutic use ; Carcinoma, Hepatocellular/*drug therapy ; Cisplatin/*administration & dosage ; Human ; Liver Neoplasms/*drug therapy ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Topotecan/*administration & dosage ; Treatment Outcome

No abstract available.
Humans ; Psoriasis* ; Siblings*

OBJECTIVE: This study aimed to propose clinical guidelines for placing miniscrew implants using the results obtained from 3-dimensional analysis of maxillary anterior interdental alveolar bone by cone-beam computed tomography (CBCT). METHODS: By using CBCT data from 52 adult patients (17 men and 35 women; mean age, 27.9 years), alveolar bone were measured in 3 regions: between the maxillary central incisors (U1-U1), between the maxillary central incisor and maxillary lateral incisor (U1-U2), and between the maxillary lateral incisor and the canine (U2-U3). Cortical bone thickness, labio-palatal thickness, and interdental root distance were measured at 4 mm, 6 mm, and 8 mm apical to the interdental cementoenamel junction (ICEJ). RESULTS: The cortical bone thickness significantly increased from the U1-U1 region to the U2-U3 region (p < 0.05). The labio-palatal thickness was significantly less in the U1-U1 region (p < 0.05), and the interdental root distance was significantly less in the U1-U2 region (p < 0.05). CONCLUSIONS: The results of this study suggest that the interdental root regions U2-U3 and U1-U1 are the best sites for placing miniscrew implants into maxillary anterior alveolar bone.
Adult ; Cone-Beam Computed Tomography ; Female ; Humans ; Incisor ; Male ; Tooth Cervix

Sex hormones were administered to adult male rats (Sprague-Dawley inbred line) with in tact gonads and with castration to study their influences on the morghological changes and acid phosphatase activities of the prostate. 1. Testosterone administered to normal and castrated rats caused marked increase in the wel gets of the prostates, while both estrogen administration and castration brought marked de cline of the prostatic weight. 2. Testosterone administration caused marked proliferation of the prostate, such as cystic hyperplasia and epithelial flattening of the acini, while estradiol, atrophy of the prostate. Such atrophy was also observed in castrated rats, but with the administration of testosterone the prostate resumed normal histologic picture. 3. The activities of acid phosphatase were highly pronounced histochemically in the ventral lobe of the prostate. These activities were dependent on sex hormones: decrease by estrogen and increase by testosterone. In castrated animals, the activities of the enzyme were almost negligeble, but with treatment of testosterone those activities resumed normal levels. 4. Estrogen administered to normal rats caused marked atrophy of the testis; decrease in the weight of the gland, atrophy of the germinal epithelium and decreased spermatogenesis.
Acid Phosphatase* ; Adult ; Animals ; Atrophy ; Castration ; Epithelium ; Estradiol ; Estrogens ; Gonadal Steroid Hormones* ; Gonads ; Humans ; Hyperplasia ; Male ; Prostate* ; Rats* ; Spermatogenesis ; Testis ; Testosterone

No abstract available.
Dislocations* ; Tendons*