INTRODUNTION: The objective of the present study was to investigate bedtime, rise time and time-in-bed of Korean college students, separately on weekday and on weekend and to compare them. In addition, this study also aimed to evaluate the influence of gender, age and grade on the above sleep parmeters in Korean college students. METHODS: Information regarding bedtime and rise time, separately on weekday and on weekend, of Korean college students were obtained by self-administered questionnaire. Questionnaires of 1,825 students (1,416 females and 409 males, age 18-30 ; mean age 21.1+/-2.2) were used for statistical analyses. RESULTS: Korean college students retired to bed 50 minutes later (00 : 49 on weekday ; 01 : 40 on weekend ; t=39.67, p<0.001), rose 1 hour 58 minutes later (07 : 52 on weekday ; 09 : 50 on weekend ; t=39.46, p<0.001), and slept 1 hour 8 minutes longer (t=13.33, p<0.001) on weekend. Compared to male students, female students had earlier rise time (t=8.96, p<0.01 ; t=3.89, p<0.01) and earlier bedtime both on weekday and weekend (t=7.10, p<0.01; t=6.04, p<0.01), and shorter time-in-bed on weekday (t=1.99, p<0.01). In addition, rise time delay and time-in-bed increase on weekend were more prominent in female students than in male students (t=3.41, p<0.01 ; t=3.68, p<0.01). Grade was correlated with bedtime and rise time on weekday (beta=0.1022, p<0.01 ; beta=0.1009, p<0.01), bedtime and time-in-bed on weekend (beta=0.1096, p<0.01 ; beta=-0.0990, p<0.01), and differences between weekday and weekend of the rise time and the time-in-bed (beta=-0.0906, p<0.01 ; beta=-0.1115, p=0.02). CONCLUSIONS: In this study, Korean college students had earlier bedtime/rise time and shorter time-in-bed on weekday than on weekend. These findings suggest that weekday sleep-wake schedule of Korean college students may be advanced relative to their biological sleep-wake cycle and that this discrepancy may be associated with weekday sleep deprivation. In addition, differences of sleep patterns between weekday and weekend were more prominent in female students and students with lower grade. Therefore, discrepancy between weekday sleep-wake schedule and biological sleep-wake cycle, as well as weekday sleep deprivation, might be more serious in female or lower-grade students.
Appointments and Schedules ; Female ; Humans ; Male ; Surveys and Questionnaires ; Sleep Deprivation

A 2-month-old Korean boy presented with a solitary papule on the cheek which was noted at birth. Histopathologic findings were consistent with angiofibroma of fibrous papule of the face (FPF). FPF is known to affect adults, and congenital occurrence has not been reported to the best of our knowledge. We report a case of congenital FPF which showed a facial papule clinically and an angiofibroma histologically.
Adult ; Angiofibroma ; Cheek ; Humans ; Infant ; Male ; Parturition

No abstract available.
Humans*

24-hour Holter ambulatory ECG monitoring has been examined for the cardiac evaluation during ordinary activities in 81 subjects with suspected or propostmyocardial infarction (PMI), 12-lead ECG and the 24-hour ECG tape showed similar basic rhythm, heart rates and conduction patterns, but ventricular premature contractions (VPCs) were more frequently recorded on the 24-hour tape. Of 17 PMI patients, one or more VPCs in 14 cases (82.4%), multifocal VPCs in 3 cases (17.6%) and bigeminy or paired VPCs in 5 cases (29.4%) and transient runs of ventricular tachycardia in 1 case (5.9%) were observed on the 24-hour monitoring. 2) Of 30 patients with typical or atypical chest pain, 20 examinees had changes in the ST segment and/or T wave, but 10 examinees did not have any pathological changes in the ST segment or in the T wave. 3) Of 26 patients with dizziness and palpitation during waking periods, sinus rates were 76.4+/-12.8/min. and the ranges were 134.1+/-15.1/min. and 58.7+/-9.1/min. Average sinus rates observed during sleeping periods were 61.6+/-10.3/min., the ranges were 92.7+/-11.4/min. and 51.5+/-8.7/min. In general, longer PR interval, QTc interval, QRS duration and high R amplitude were observed during sleeping periods than waking periods. 4) Of 64 patients without PMI, all subjects had episodes of normal sinus rhythm and brady-and-tachycardia syndrome in 5 cases, VPCs in 23 cases, APCs in 2 cases, AV block in 4 cases and W.P.W. syndrome in 2 cases were observed during 24-hour Holter ECG monitoring.
Atrioventricular Block ; Chest Pain ; Dizziness ; Electrocardiography* ; Heart Rate ; Humans ; Infarction ; Tachycardia, Ventricular

Aspergillus sp. are the most common contaminants found in the paranasal fungal sinusitis, but isolated sphenoid sinus invasion is extremely rare. According to sinus anatomy and depending on its contiguous structures, various symptoms and complications may appear. Of these symptoms and complications, headaches are the most frequently observed in the few documented cases. The treatment is primarily surgical, through either transnasal or transethmoid approach, depending on whether or not the disease is limited to the sphenoid sinus. The transnasal endoscopic technique offers excellent visualization and an atraumatic approach to the sphenoid sinus. It is performed with the superior turbinate used as the key landmark for identification. For this technique, a wide enlargement of the natural sphenoid ostium is also important. Along with a review of literature, we present two cases of sphenoid sinus aspergillosis which were successfully treated by transnasal endoscopic sphenoidotomy.
Aspergillosis* ; Aspergillus ; Headache ; Sinusitis ; Sphenoid Sinus* ; Turbinates

A gray mold disease occurred on Cryptotaenia japonica in Korea. All the isolates of Botrytis sp. from the lesions of the diseased plants were identified to be B. cinerea based on the morphological characteristics. Conidia formed on conidiogenous cells were not in chains, hyaline to pale brown, unicellular, ellipsoidal to obovate with a single hilum at the base, entirely verruculose, and 6.3-11.3~6.3-10.0 microm in size. Pathogenicity of the fungus was proved by artificial inoculation on C. japonica. This is the first record of gray mold on C. japonica caused by B. cinerea in Korea.
Botrytis* ; Fungi* ; Hyalin ; Korea* ; Spores, Fungal ; Virulence

Central diabetes insipidus(CDI) may result from any abnormalities in the supraoptic-neuropituitary axis. Since 1984, we have studied 7 suprasellar mass lesions presenting with CDI. There were 3 suprasellar germinomas including 1 pituitary stalk(infundibular) microgerminoma, 1 suprasellar lymphoma, 1 craniopharyngioma, 2 suprasellar mass lesions whose pathologies were not confirmed. In two case of germinoma, one at infundibulum and another at suprasellar region, the diagnosis was made on the basis of radiological and endocrinological findings and rapid disappearance of the mass after irradiation. The symptoms of CDI had improved within 2 months after the irradiation in all 3 cases of germinoma. Another 4 cases had been on DDAVP during follow-up periods more than one year. Primary tumorous lesions presenting with CDI always demonstrate pituitary stalk enlargement, suprasellar mass, or both. Among parasellar lesions presenting with CDI, germinoma and lymphoma are very sensitive to radiotherapy and have no need of surgery which and result in pituitary stalk damage and permanent CDI. And lesions of infectious and systemic disease also have no need of surgery. To avoid unnecessary surgery or biopsy, preoperative differential diagnosis of these lesions by CT scan findings and other systemic evaluations is important. In addition, elevation of serum prolactin level appeared to be related to infundibular lesions as a few authors suggested previously but not to aid differential diagnosis.
Axis, Cervical Vertebra ; Biopsy ; Craniopharyngioma ; Deamino Arginine Vasopressin ; Diagnosis ; Diagnosis, Differential ; Follow-Up Studies ; Germinoma ; Lymphoma ; Pathology ; Pituitary Gland ; Prolactin ; Radiotherapy ; Tomography, X-Ray Computed ; Unnecessary Procedures

The authors analyed 27 cases of metastatic spine tumor in regard to diagnostic procedures, effects of radiation and their average survival time. Technetium-99m radiolabeled polyphosphate bone scans were superior to any other diagnostic procedures as a screening test for the early detection of spine metastases. Spinal CT scans with myelogram were useful to define the anatomic extent of destruction and cord comprssion. To prevent myelopathy, early radiation therapy was certainly helpful. The decompressive laminectomy alone have contributed little to the patients in regard to the prolongation of life and the correction of neurological deteriorations. The authors concluded that the one-stage laminectomy and adequate posterior stabilization with the use of internal fixation devices were the choice of treatment for control of pain and prevention of the complications from spinal instability in the following patients: 1) with early progressive myelopathy: 2) who were unable to move due to the pain evoked by motion; and 3) who showed the evidence of spinal instability radiologically and/or clinically.
Humans ; Internal Fixators ; Laminectomy ; Life Support Care ; Mass Screening ; Neoplasm Metastasis ; Spinal Cord Diseases ; Spine* ; Tomography, X-Ray Computed

BACKGROUNDS: Despite the advance of radiologic imaging techniques, not a fewer number of patients with hepatobiliary and pancreatic malignancies are found to be unresectable just at the time of laparotomy. The aim of this study was to evaluate the accuracy of diagnostic laparoscopy for assessing resectability of hepatobiliary and pancreatic malignancies. METHODS: From May 1999 to March 2000, diagnostic laparoscopy was performed in 16 patients with suspected hepatobiliary and pancreatic malignancies after clinical examination, laboratory tests, and radiologic imaging techniques(ultrasonography, computed tomography, ERCP, and PTC). Local anesthesia with intravenous sedation was used. A 10-mm infraumbilical port was used for the telescope and another 5-mm port was used for the working instrument depending upon intra-abdominal findings. During the procedure, we tried to find any evidence of distant metastasis or advanced local invasion such as, peritoneal seeding, metastatic nodule at the liver, major vascular involvement or invasion of adjacent other intraabdominal organ. RESULTS: 4 of 16 patients were found to have unresectable malignancies because of peritoneal seeding, hepatic metastases or ascites by diagnostic laparoscopy. 3 patients had invasion to superior mesenteric vein and adjacent structures overlooked at diagnostic laparoscopy. Sensitivity, specificity, and overall accuracy for assessing resectability were 66.7%, 28.6% and 50.0% for radiologic imaging techniques and 100%, 57.1% and 81.3% for diagnostic laparoscopy. CONCLUSION: Diagnostic laparoscopy under local anesthesia proved to be an effective diagnostic tool for assessing resectability of hepatobiliary and pancreatic malignancies by means of assisting the radiologic imaging technique.
Anesthesia, Local* ; Ascites ; Cholangiopancreatography, Endoscopic Retrograde ; Humans ; Laparoscopy* ; Laparotomy ; Liver ; Mesenteric Veins ; Neoplasm Metastasis ; Sensitivity and Specificity ; Telescopes

No abstract available.
Korea* ; Lymphoma*