To evaluate the effect of shortening the latent period for distraction osteogenesis, the authors experimented with distraction osteogenesis for a 24-hour latent period in the mandibles of rabbits. This study was carried out on 32 New Zealand white rabbits, each weighting 2000 to 2500 gm. Twenty animals were used for the control group and 12 for the experimental group. A unilateral external fixation device was applied to the left mandible. The mandibles were lengthened at 1 mm per 24 hours for 10 days. Five rabbits from the control group and three from the experimental group by random selection were sacrificed on the first day, and at the second, fourth and eighth week of the consolidation period. After lengthening bone densities at the site of the left mandibular bony lengthening were measured by quantitative computer tomography (QCT) and dual energy x-ray absorptiometry (DXA). As a result, the DXA value showed no difference compared to the control group after two week's consolidation. The trabeculae were thicker and had begun to be surrounded by lamellar bone both in the control and experimental groups histologically. In conclusion, the results of this study indicate that the osteogenetic effect in the experimental group was nearly the same as in the control group. If stable fixation and minimal periosteal dissection were performed during the procedure, the latent period would not be an important factor in distraction osteogenesis of membranous bone.
Absorptiometry, Photon ; Animals ; Bone Density ; External Fixators ; Mandible* ; Osteogenesis* ; Osteogenesis, Distraction ; Rabbits*

No abstract available.
Mass Screening* ; Tomography, X-Ray Computed*

No abstract available.
Ear, Middle*

No abstract available.
Sinusitis*

PURPOSE: To evaluate the differences in sonographic appearance and hemodynamics between hypoechoic andhyperechoic hemangioma. MATERIAL AND METHOD: We retrospectively reviewed the sonographic appearance and MRIfindings of 23 hypoechoic hepatic hemangiomas in 16 consecutive patients. Nine were men and seven were women, witha mean age of 50 years(range, 40-72). We analyzed the sonographic appearance such as size, shape, border,echogenecity, posterior acoustic enhancement and the presence of fatty liver, and MRI findings such as signalintensity, enhancement pattern. For comparison, we also reviewed the sonographic appearance and MRI findings of 23hyperechoic hemangiomas in 16 randomly selected patients. RESULTS: There were no differences in size, shape,incidence of posterior acoustic enhancement, MR signal intensity or enhancement pattern between hypoechoic andhyperechoic hemangiomas(p>0.05, Chi-square). However, fatty infiltration of the liver and echogenic rim of themasses were more commonly seen in hypoechoic hemangiomas(9:1, 5:0, respectively, p<0.05). CONCLUSIONS: There wereno differences in MR enhomcement pattern or incidence of posterior acoustic enhancement between hypoechoichyperechoic hemangioma. The vascularity of a mass therefore seems to contribute little to its echogenecity.
Acoustics ; Fatty Liver ; Female ; Hemangioma ; Hemodynamics ; Humans ; Incidence ; Liver* ; Magnetic Resonance Imaging* ; Male ; Retrospective Studies ; Ultrasonography

BACKGROUND: High blood pressure is prevalent in obesity and diabetes, especially noninsulin dependent diabetes mellitus, and both conditions are insulin resistant state. METHOD: To test whether resistance to insulin-stimulated glucose uptake and hyperinsulinemia are involved in the pochogenesis of hypertension, author measured glucose, insulin and C-Peptide reponse after oral glucose loading in 52 cases of essential hypertension and 62 cases of normal controls who had been admitted to the ward of internal medicine, Pusan National University Hospita. RESULTS: Basal plasma glucose, insulin and C-Peptide levels in control subjects were 92.1+/-36.8mg/dl, 8.7+/-5.5microu/ml and 2.2+/-1.8ng/ml and in hypertensive subjects were 95.7+/-32.6mg/dl, 12.2+/-5.3microu/ml and 2.9+/-1.6ng/ml. The basal insulin level was markedly higher than tat of control subjets (p<0.05). The basal glucose and C-Peptide levels in hypertensive patioents were higher than controls but statistically not significant. Plasma glucose levels in time course after glucose load in hypertensive patients showed significantly higher levels in 60,90minutes than controls. Plasma insulin levels in hypertensives in 90 minutes were significantly higher. The C-Peptide levels in hypertensives showed significantly higher in each times 30,60,90,120 minutes than controls. In hypertensive patients, body weight, blood pressure levels and duration of hypertension were not significantly correlated with responses of glucose, insalin and c-peptioce. Hypertensive patients aboce the age of 50 showed significantly higher glucose levels in 60,90,120 minutes than under age of 50. CONCLUSION: These results indicate some tendency of disturbed glucose turnover or insulin-resistant state in essential hypertension. This metabolic disturbance in essential hypertension should be considered in the management of hypertensive patients.
Blood Glucose* ; Blood Pressure ; Body Weight ; Busan ; C-Peptide* ; Diabetes Mellitus ; Glucose ; Humans ; Hyperinsulinism ; Hypertension* ; Insulin Resistance ; Insulin* ; Internal Medicine ; Obesity ; Plasma*

Background/Aims: Real-world data about the treatment outcomes of patients receiving rituximab-containing immunochemotherapy followed by rituximab maintenance are required to understand better the treatment for follicular lymphoma (FL). Methods: A cross-sectional study analyzed FL patients who were treated with R-CVP (rituximab, cyclophosphamide, vincristine, and prednisone) or R-CHOP (rituximab, cyclophosphamide, doxorubicin, vincristine, and prednisone) and rituximab maintenance. Results: Of 139 patients, 85 patients received R-CVP and 54 received R-CHOP. The characteristics did not differ significantly between the groups. Only grade 3 of FL was more common in R-CHOP. The complete response rate did not differ significantly between R-CHOP (50/54, 92.6%) and R-CVP (77/85, 90.6%). The number of disease relapses during rituximab maintenance did not differ significantly between the groups (p = 0.798). Therefore, the comparison of progression-free survival (PFS) showed no significant difference: the 3-year PFS rates for R-CVP and R-CHOP were 77% and 85%, respectively (p = 0.567). Although five of 56 hepatitis B virus (HBV) core antibody (anti-HBc)-positive patients experienced HBV reactivation, all cases of HBV reactivation were identified during regular monitoring for HBV DNA in blood, and were successfully managed with antiviral treatment. Conclusions The survival outcomes of FL patients on rituximab maintenance after responding to R-CVP or R-CHOP were similar. Rituximab-containing immunochemotherapy followed by rituximab maintenance can be safely used for anti-HBc-positive patients if HBV DNA titer in blood can be regularly monitored.

PURPOSE: To investigate the role of 3D imaging in the sinonasal mass. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Twenty patients with sinonasal mass(squamous cell carcinoma[n=6], spindle cell carcinoma[n=1}, angiomatous polyp[n=1}, giant cell reparative granuloma[n=1}, non-Hodgkin's lymphoma[n=1}, melanoma[n=1}, angiofibroma[n=1}, pyocele[n=1}, inverted papilloma[n=1}) were studied with spiral CT. Reconstruction of surface rendered 3D images and segmentations were performed and compared with the 2D image. RESULTS: The 3D images enabled easy understanding of the characteristics of the mass in 12 casese. The 3D images displayed pathway of tumor extension in 5 cases and werehelpful in assessing the primary site of the mass in 3 cases. In two cases with encasement of ICA by the mass, assesment of relationship between the mass and vessels were possible through the segmentation. CONCLUSION: The 3D image, as an adjunct to the 2D image, can help to evaluate the virtual appearance of bony change, the degree of extension of mass, the spreading route, the evaluation of origin site. It also provides valuable 3-dimensional conception of the mass, especially for the surgeon.
Imaging, Three-Dimensional* ; Tomography, Spiral Computed

Primary small cell cancer of the duodenum is very rare. Only six cases have been reported previously. The patient of this case report was a twenty-year-old male who suffered from frequent nausea and vomiting being accompanied by weight loss. The poorly differentiated neuroendocrine cancer was initially diagnosed by endoscopic biopsy and the patient underwent pancreaticoduodenectomy. The diagnosis was refined as primary small-cell neuroendocrine cancer of which the histological appearance was identical to pulmonary and extrapulmonary small-cell carcinoma. The neuroendocrine differentiation was demonstrated by the positive immunoreactions for neuron-specific enolase. This case emphasizes the need to include the duodenum as a possible primary site when metastatic small cell neuroendocrine carcinoma is seen in the absence of apparent pulmonary disease.
Biopsy ; Carcinoma, Neuroendocrine ; Diagnosis ; Duodenal Neoplasms* ; Duodenum ; Humans ; Lung Diseases ; Male ; Nausea ; Pancreaticoduodenectomy ; Phosphopyruvate Hydratase ; Vomiting ; Weight Loss

PURPOSE: We tried to identify the overall incidence of microsatellite instability (MSI) and the utility of mismatch repair (MMR) protein expression in sporadic colorectal cancers in Korean. We also investigate the role of angiogenesis in colorectal cancers by MSI status. METHODS: A total 85 resected colorectal cancers were submitted for MSI study using PCR methods with 5 markers and immunohistochemistry (IHS) for hMLH1 and hMSH2. Expression of COX-2 and iNOS and microvessel density by IHS were correlated with various clinicopathologic prognostic factors. RESULTS: Among 85 cases of sporadic colorectal cancers, MSI was observed in 11 cases (12.9%) including 10 MSI-H and 1 MSI-L cases. Patients with MSI (+) showed female prevalence (1.75 : 1), low Dukes stage, mucinous histologic type, and Crohn-like lymphoid reaction than those with MSS. Overall sensitivity of hMLH1 and/or hMSH2 expression was 98.6% and specificity was 72.7%. iNOS expression was significantly correlated with COX-2 expression in tumor cells (P=0.006), however, they were not correlated with MSI status. High microvessel density was correlated with hMLH1 expression (P=0.025), COX-2 expression (P= 0.05), and Crohn-like lymphoid reaction (P=0.041). CONCLUSIONS: IHS for MMR proteins is a valuable substitute of MSI status and COX-2 related neoangiogenesis is thought to be related to inhibition of microsatellite unstable colorectal cancer progression via decreased microvessel density.
Colorectal Neoplasms* ; DNA Mismatch Repair ; Female ; Humans ; Immunohistochemistry ; Incidence ; Microsatellite Instability* ; Microsatellite Repeats* ; Microvessels* ; Mucins ; Polymerase Chain Reaction ; Prevalence ; Sensitivity and Specificity