No abstract available.
Heel* ; Molluscum Contagiosum* ; Weight-Bearing* ; Zea mays

No abstract available.
Child* ; Humans ; Leukemia, Myeloid, Acute* ; Typhlitis*

Objective: The purpose of this study was to compare the differences in dentoskeletal and soft tissue changes following conventional tooth-borne rapid maxillary expansion (RME) between adolescents and adults. Methods: Dentoskeletal and soft tissue variables of 17 adolescents and 17 adults were analyzed on posteroanterior and lateral cephalograms and frontal photographs at pretreatment (T1) and after conventional RME using tooth-borne expanders (T2). Changes in variables within each group between T1 and T2 were analyzed using Wilcoxon signed-rank test. Mann–Whitney U test was used to determine the differences in the pretreatment age, expansion and post-expansion durations, and dentoskeletal and soft tissue changes after RME between the groups. Spearman’s correlation between pretreatment age and transverse dentoskeletal changes in the adolescent group was calculated. Results: Despite similar amounts of expansion at the crown level in both groups, the adult group underwent less skeletal expansion with less intermolar root expansion after RME than the adolescent group. The skeletal vertical dimension increased significantly in both groups without significant intergroup difference. The anteroposterior position of the maxilla was maintained in both groups, while a greater backward displacement of the mandible was evident in the adult group than that in the adolescent group after RME. The soft tissue alar width increased in both groups without a significant intergroup difference. In the adolescent group, pretreatment age was not significantly correlated with transverse dentoskeletal changes. Conclusions Conventional RME may induce similar soft tissue changes but different dentoskeletal changes between adolescents and adults.

Krukenberg tumor of the ovary, originally described by Krukenberg as "Fibrosarcoma ovarii mucocellulare carcinomatodes", characterized as an infiltrative mucinous carcinoma of predominant signet-ring cell type, almost metastasize from gastrointestinal tract, is not common tumor. In recent years, we have experienced 2 cases of Krukenberg tumors on both ovaries metastasis from the stomach, and report these cases with brief review of the literatures.
Adenocarcinoma, Mucinous ; Female ; Gastrointestinal Tract ; Krukenberg Tumor* ; Neoplasm Metastasis ; Ovary ; Stomach ; Stomach Neoplasms

PURPOSE: This study analyzed the correlation between grade point average (GPA) of medical school and the score of Korean Medical Licensing Examination (KMLE). METHODS: This study based on the results of 67th KMLE applicants who graduated from a college of medicine in 2003. We also gathered data of these applicants from the college of medicine: gender, age, type of entrance, GPA of basic medicine, clinical medicine, clinical clerkships and final test scores. We analyzed whether there was discrimination between achievement of KMLE passed and that of KMLE failed, which of variables affected the results of KMLE. RESULTS: 173 applicants passed KMLE among 189. There were significant correlations between basic medicine, clinical medicine, final test score and the score of KMLE (respective p-value; < 0.0001). There were also significant differences of GPA between KMLE passed applicants and failed. Final test scores were the most correlated with those of KMLE. If the GPA of 2nd grade was below 2.5 and the GPA of 3rd year grade was below 2.3, they was a high-risk group for failing KMLE (sensitivity 100%, specificity 90%). CONCLUSION: There were significant correlations between the GPA of medical school and the score of KMLE, and significant differences between KMLE passed applicants and failed. A high-risk group of failing KMLE was the students that the GPA of 2nd grade was below 2.5 and the GPA of 3rd grade was below 2.3.
Clinical Medicine ; Discrimination (Psychology) ; Humans ; Licensure* ; Schools, Medical* ; Sensitivity and Specificity

BACKGROUND: Recently, many studies have reported that university students have been suffering from stress because of their the uncertainty of their future and employment. Eating habits have often been considered as one of health-related behaviors that may be affected by life stress. The purpose of this study was to examine the association between stress and eating habits in university students. METHODS: A cross-sectional study was designed. The subjects were 282 university students which assessed their eating habits and stresses. The total numbs of students in the study 263. Eating habits were scored using a questionnaire consisting of three categories-regularity, balance, and preference. The stress was assessed by modified Korean version of BEPSI. RESULTS: The stress score was 2.4 and the total score of eating habits was 44.2. The regularity among the domains of eating habits was 14.1, the balance score was 16.1, and the preference was 14.0. In multiple regression after adjustment with confounding variables, stress had a negative relationship with eating habits. CONCLUSION: The relationship between stress and eating habits was statistically significant, especially in regularity and balance. It is important to know not only the health status, but also the factors associated with health such as stresses and eating habits in order to improve the health status of the university students. Further research needs to uncover causality and make a generalization.
Confounding Factors (Epidemiology) ; Cross-Sectional Studies ; Eating* ; Employment ; Generalization (Psychology) ; Humans ; Stress, Psychological ; Uncertainty ; Surveys and Questionnaires

PURPOSE: The purpose of this study is to evaluate the changing pattern of communication skills of medical students according to length and methods of training. METHODS: We evaluated a 1-week communications training course in 2003, a 1-year course in 2004, and a 1-semester course in 2005 during development of our curriculum. We have conducted the 10-minute CPX on abdominal pain annually since 2002 to assess the clinical performance of medical students who have completed the 3rd year clerkship. We selected CPX videos that were appropriate for assessment. One hundred sixty-four videos were available (1-week didactics: 42 cases, 1-week training: 28 cases, 1-semester training: 50 cases, 1-year training: 44 cases). We developed a 10-item global rating checklist to assess communication skills. A 5-point Likert scale was used to evaluate each item (4-very likely, 0-least likely). Two expert standardized patient (SP) raters evaluated the communication skills of students independently. We analyzed the outcomes based on the training length and methods. The reliability (G coefficient) was 0.825 with 2 SPs and 1 station. RESULTS: The communication skills of students improved with practice and longer training, especially with regard to opening the interview, expressing empathy, understanding the patient's perspective, and preparing for the physical examination. Rapport-building, organization of the interview, understandable explanation, nonverbal communication, active listening and consideration during the physical examination was unchanged between durations of training. The scores for empathetic expression, active listening and understanding the patient's perspective were low across all groups. CONCLUSION: We should concentrate our efforts to improve students' skills in empathetic expression, active listening and understanding the patient's perspective.
Abdominal Pain ; Checklist ; Curriculum ; Educational Measurement ; Empathy ; Humans ; Nonverbal Communication ; Physical Examination ; Reproducibility of Results ; Students, Medical

An 8-year-old male was admitted because of dysphagia and substernal pain suffered while eating followed by postprandial vomiting for 2 years. He was always hungry due to postprandial vomiting and willing to eat again just after vomiting. After this meals, he used to jump up and down to shake off the substernal discomfort. A narrowing of the gastroesophageal junction was noted by esophagogram. Manometry revealed high Lower esophageal sphincter (LES) pressure (51.6mmHg), incomplete LES relaxation during swallowing, loss of esophageal peristalsis and a positive pressure of the esophageal body compared to intragastric pressure. After the 1st balloon dilatation, symptoms were much improved even though LES pressure still remained high (37.2mmHg). About 2 months after the 1st balloon dilatation, symptoms relapsed and we managed him with a 2nd balloon dilatation. Symptoms were more improved than after the 1st dilatation and LES pressure normalized as well. Since the 2nd dilatation, symptoms have not recurred for 3 years. We present an 8-year-old boy with achalasia successfully managed by the use balloon dilatation.
Child ; Deglutition ; Deglutition Disorders ; Dilatation* ; Eating ; Esophageal Achalasia* ; Esophageal Sphincter, Lower ; Esophagogastric Junction ; Humans ; Male ; Manometry ; Meals ; Peristalsis ; Relaxation ; Vomiting

OBJECTIVES: Many chronic schizophrenics are suffered from treatment-refractory hallucinations. As a countermeasure, the combined use of neuroleptics and benzodiazepines has been studied. In this context, the authors tried to evaluate the anti-hallucinatory effect of neuroleptics-clonazepam combination therapy. METHODS: At first, the authors described 3 cases of chronic schizophrenics who reported alleviation of hallucinations, which are resistant to neuroleptic treatment, after adding clonazepam. And then, prospective open study including 6 female chronic schizophrenic inpatients having neuroleptic-refractory hallucinations was done. In addition to existing psychiatric medication, these patients were treated with clonazepam 1.5 mg for 6weeks and evaluated at 5 points ; at baseline, and 1, 2, 4 and 6 weeks of treatment. The psychopathology was assessed by the items of hallucinatory behavior and anxiety/tension of PANSS and BPRS. Clinical improvement was defined by fall-off of the hallucinatory behavior below the moderate level. The side effects were assessed by UKU Side Effect Rating Scale. RESULTS: All patients completed 6 weeks' trial. At the end of 6 weeks, 2 (33.3%) of 6 patients showed decrement of the hallucinatory behavior below the moderate level, when evaluated by PANSS and BPRS. However, the courses of anti-hallucinatory effect were different in these 2 patients. Another one patient showed that the hallucinatory behavior assessed by BPRS fell to the moderate level, but not when assessed by PANSS. The item of anxiety/tension was unchanged in all 6 patients. Except very mild sedation in one patient, there was no side effect. CONCLUSION: This study suggests that neuroleptics-clonazepam combination therapy is effective against treatment-refractory hallucinations in some schizophrenics and generally safe.
Antipsychotic Agents ; Benzodiazepines ; Clonazepam* ; Female ; Hallucinations* ; Humans ; Inpatients ; Prospective Studies ; Psychopathology ; Schizophrenia

BACKGROUND: Many studies have attempted to develop relatively simple and easy noninvasive measurements of atherosclerosis (NIMA), and each NIMA assesses different atherosclerotic properties. We, therefore, investigated the association between metabolic syndrome (MetS) components and different NIMAs. METHODS: This study included 1,132 Korean subjects over 20 years of age who had visited a Health Promotion Center in Korea. Carotid injury (increased carotid intima-media thickness or plaques) was evaluated by ultrasonography and arterial stiffness by brachial-ankle pulse wave velocity. The MetS components were assessed according to the Asian criteria of the American Heart Association/National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute. RESULTS: Both arterial stiffness and carotid injury gradually deteriorated with increase in the number of MetS components. Arterial stiffness and carotid injury were associated with different MetS components, each of which had varying impact. After adjustment for all possible confounders such as age, sex, and lifestyle, elevated blood pressure (BP) was found to have the strongest association with arterial stiffness, whereas central obesity, impaired fasting plasma glucose, and elevated BP had comparable connection with carotid atherosclerosis. CONCLUSION: Individual MetS components were related with subclinical atherosclerosis in different ways. Elevated BP showed the strongest association with arterial stiffness, while central obesity, impaired fasting plasma glucose, and elevated BP showed good correlation with carotid atherosclerosis.
Adult ; Asian Continental Ancestry Group ; Atherosclerosis ; Blood Pressure ; Carotid Artery Diseases ; Carotid Artery Injuries ; Carotid Intima-Media Thickness ; Fasting ; Glucose ; Health Promotion ; Heart ; Humans ; Korea ; Life Style ; Lung ; Obesity, Abdominal ; Plasma ; Pulse Wave Analysis ; Vascular Stiffness